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e2fsck: update mmp block in one thread
[tools/e2fsprogs.git] / e2fsck / pass1.c
index b2d9f51..f00d355 100644 (file)
@@ -383,8 +383,10 @@ static problem_t check_large_ea_inode(e2fsck_t ctx,
                pctx->num = entry->e_value_inum;
                if (fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_ATTR_SET_EA_INODE_FL, pctx)) {
                        inode.i_flags |= EXT4_EA_INODE_FL;
+                       e2fsck_pass1_fix_lock(ctx);
                        ext2fs_write_inode(ctx->fs, entry->e_value_inum,
                                           &inode);
+                       e2fsck_pass1_fix_unlock(ctx);
                } else {
                        return PR_1_ATTR_NO_EA_INODE_FL;
                }
@@ -654,6 +656,31 @@ static void check_inode_extra_space(e2fsck_t ctx, struct problem_context *pctx,
 
 }
 
+static _INLINE_ int is_blocks_used(e2fsck_t ctx, blk64_t block,
+                                  unsigned int num)
+{
+       int retval;
+
+       /* used to avoid duplicate output from below */
+       retval = ext2fs_test_block_bitmap_range2_valid(ctx->block_found_map,
+                                                      block, num);
+       if (!retval)
+               return 0;
+
+       retval = ext2fs_test_block_bitmap_range2(ctx->block_found_map, block, num);
+       if (retval) {
+               e2fsck_pass1_block_map_r_lock(ctx);
+               if (ctx->global_ctx)
+                       retval = ext2fs_test_block_bitmap_range2(
+                                       ctx->global_ctx->block_found_map, block, num);
+               e2fsck_pass1_block_map_r_unlock(ctx);
+               if (retval)
+                       return 0;
+       }
+
+       return 1;
+}
+
 /*
  * Check to see if the inode might really be a directory, despite i_mode
  *
@@ -684,14 +711,14 @@ static void check_is_really_dir(e2fsck_t ctx, struct problem_context *pctx,
            LINUX_S_ISLNK(inode->i_mode) || inode->i_block[0] == 0)
                return;
 
-       /* 
+       /*
         * Check the block numbers in the i_block array for validity:
         * zero blocks are skipped (but the first one cannot be zero -
         * see above), other blocks are checked against the first and
         * max data blocks (from the the superblock) and against the
         * block bitmap. Any invalid block found means this cannot be
         * a directory.
-        * 
+        *
         * If there are non-zero blocks past the fourth entry, then
         * this cannot be a device file: we remember that for the next
         * check.
@@ -759,8 +786,7 @@ static void check_is_really_dir(e2fsck_t ctx, struct problem_context *pctx,
 
                        if (blk < ctx->fs->super->s_first_data_block ||
                            blk >= ext2fs_blocks_count(ctx->fs->super) ||
-                           ext2fs_fast_test_block_bitmap2(ctx->block_found_map,
-                                                          blk))
+                           is_blocks_used(ctx, blk, 1))
                                return; /* Invalid block, can't be dir */
                }
                blk = inode->i_block[0];
@@ -881,8 +907,11 @@ static errcode_t recheck_bad_inode_checksum(ext2_filsys fs, ext2_ino_t ino,
        if (!fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_INODE_ONLY_CSUM_INVALID, pctx))
                return 0;
 
+
+       e2fsck_pass1_fix_lock(ctx);
        retval = ext2fs_write_inode_full(fs, ino, (struct ext2_inode *)&inode,
                                         sizeof(inode));
+       e2fsck_pass1_fix_unlock(ctx);
        return retval;
 }
 
@@ -920,6 +949,7 @@ static void reserve_block_for_lnf_repair(e2fsck_t ctx)
                return;
        ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap2(ctx->block_found_map, blk);
        ctx->lnf_repair_block = blk;
+       return;
 }
 
 static errcode_t get_inline_data_ea_size(ext2_filsys fs, ext2_ino_t ino,
@@ -967,8 +997,10 @@ static void finish_processing_inode(e2fsck_t ctx, ext2_ino_t ino,
 #define FINISH_INODE_LOOP(ctx, ino, pctx, failed_csum) \
        do { \
                finish_processing_inode((ctx), (ino), (pctx), (failed_csum)); \
-               if ((ctx)->flags & E2F_FLAG_ABORT) \
+               if ((ctx)->flags & E2F_FLAG_ABORT) { \
+                       e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx); \
                        return; \
+               } \
        } while (0)
 
 static int could_be_block_map(ext2_filsys fs, struct ext2_inode *inode)
@@ -1074,16 +1106,20 @@ out:
 static void pass1_readahead(e2fsck_t ctx, dgrp_t *group, ext2_ino_t *next_ino)
 {
        ext2_ino_t inodes_in_group = 0, inodes_per_block, inodes_per_buffer;
-       dgrp_t start = *group, grp;
+       dgrp_t start = *group, grp, grp_end = ctx->fs->group_desc_count;
        blk64_t blocks_to_read = 0;
        errcode_t err = EXT2_ET_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
 
+#ifdef HAVE_PTHREAD
+       if (ctx->fs->fs_num_threads > 1)
+               grp_end = ctx->thread_info.et_group_end;
+#endif
        if (ctx->readahead_kb == 0)
                goto out;
 
        /* Keep iterating groups until we have enough to readahead */
        inodes_per_block = EXT2_INODES_PER_BLOCK(ctx->fs->super);
-       for (grp = start; grp < ctx->fs->group_desc_count; grp++) {
+       for (grp = start; grp < grp_end; grp++) {
                if (ext2fs_bg_flags_test(ctx->fs, grp, EXT2_BG_INODE_UNINIT))
                        continue;
                inodes_in_group = ctx->fs->super->s_inodes_per_group -
@@ -1175,6 +1211,278 @@ static int e2fsck_should_abort(e2fsck_t ctx)
        return 0;
 }
 
+static void init_ext2_max_sizes()
+{
+       int     i;
+       __u64   max_sizes;
+
+       /*
+        * Init ext2_max_sizes which will be immutable and shared between
+        * threads
+        */
+#define EXT2_BPP(bits) (1ULL << ((bits) - 2))
+
+       for (i = EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_LOG_SIZE; i <= EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_LOG_SIZE; i++) {
+               max_sizes = EXT2_NDIR_BLOCKS + EXT2_BPP(i);
+               max_sizes = max_sizes + EXT2_BPP(i) * EXT2_BPP(i);
+               max_sizes = max_sizes + EXT2_BPP(i) * EXT2_BPP(i) * EXT2_BPP(i);
+               max_sizes = (max_sizes * (1UL << i));
+               ext2_max_sizes[i - EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_LOG_SIZE] = max_sizes;
+       }
+#undef EXT2_BPP
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_PTHREAD
+/* TODO: tdb needs to be handled properly for multiple threads*/
+static int multiple_threads_supported(e2fsck_t ctx)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_TDB
+       unsigned int            threshold;
+       ext2_ino_t              num_dirs;
+       errcode_t               retval;
+       char                    *tdb_dir;
+       int                     enable;
+
+       profile_get_string(ctx->profile, "scratch_files", "directory", 0, 0,
+                          &tdb_dir);
+       profile_get_uint(ctx->profile, "scratch_files",
+                        "numdirs_threshold", 0, 0, &threshold);
+       profile_get_boolean(ctx->profile, "scratch_files",
+                           "icount", 0, 1, &enable);
+
+       retval = ext2fs_get_num_dirs(ctx->fs, &num_dirs);
+       if (retval)
+               num_dirs = 1024;        /* Guess */
+
+       /* tdb is unsupported now */
+       if (enable && tdb_dir && !access(tdb_dir, W_OK) &&
+           (!threshold || num_dirs > threshold))
+               return 0;
+#endif
+       return 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Even though we could specify number of threads,
+ * but it might be more than the whole filesystem
+ * block groups, correct it here.
+ */
+static void e2fsck_pass1_set_thread_num(e2fsck_t ctx)
+{
+       unsigned flexbg_size = 1;
+       ext2_filsys fs = ctx->fs;
+       int num_threads = ctx->fs_num_threads;
+       int max_threads;
+
+       if (num_threads < 1) {
+               num_threads = 1;
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (!multiple_threads_supported(ctx)) {
+               num_threads = 1;
+               fprintf(stderr, "Fall through single thread for pass1 "
+                       "because tdb could not handle properly\n");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (ext2fs_has_feature_flex_bg(fs->super))
+               flexbg_size = 1 << fs->super->s_log_groups_per_flex;
+       max_threads = fs->group_desc_count / flexbg_size;
+       if (max_threads == 0)
+               max_threads = 1;
+
+       if (num_threads > max_threads) {
+               fprintf(stderr, "Use max possible thread num: %d instead\n",
+                               max_threads);
+               num_threads = max_threads;
+       }
+out:
+       ctx->fs_num_threads = num_threads;
+       ctx->fs->fs_num_threads = num_threads;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * We need call mark_table_blocks() before multiple
+ * thread start, since all known system blocks should be
+ * marked and checked later.
+ */
+static errcode_t e2fsck_pass1_prepare(e2fsck_t ctx)
+{
+       struct problem_context pctx;
+       ext2_filsys fs = ctx->fs;
+       unsigned long long readahead_kb;
+
+       init_ext2_max_sizes();
+#ifdef HAVE_PTHREAD
+       e2fsck_pass1_set_thread_num(ctx);
+#endif
+       /* If we can do readahead, figure out how many groups to pull in. */
+       if (!e2fsck_can_readahead(ctx->fs))
+               ctx->readahead_kb = 0;
+       else if (ctx->readahead_kb == ~0ULL)
+               ctx->readahead_kb = e2fsck_guess_readahead(ctx->fs);
+
+#ifdef HAVE_PTHREAD
+       /* don't use more than 1/10 of memory for threads checking */
+       readahead_kb = get_memory_size() / (10 * ctx->fs_num_threads);
+       /* maybe better disable RA if this is too small? */
+       if (ctx->readahead_kb > readahead_kb)
+               ctx->readahead_kb = readahead_kb;
+#endif
+       clear_problem_context(&pctx);
+       if (!(ctx->options & E2F_OPT_PREEN))
+               fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_PASS_HEADER, &pctx);
+
+       pctx.errcode = e2fsck_allocate_subcluster_bitmap(ctx->fs,
+                       _("in-use block map"), EXT2FS_BMAP64_RBTREE,
+                       "block_found_map", &ctx->block_found_map);
+       if (pctx.errcode) {
+               pctx.num = 1;
+               fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_ALLOCATE_BBITMAP_ERROR, &pctx);
+               ctx->flags |= E2F_FLAG_ABORT;
+               return pctx.errcode;
+       }
+       pctx.errcode = e2fsck_allocate_block_bitmap(ctx->fs,
+                       _("metadata block map"), EXT2FS_BMAP64_RBTREE,
+                       "block_metadata_map", &ctx->block_metadata_map);
+       if (pctx.errcode) {
+               pctx.num = 1;
+               fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_ALLOCATE_BBITMAP_ERROR, &pctx);
+               ctx->flags |= E2F_FLAG_ABORT;
+               return pctx.errcode;
+       }
+
+       mark_table_blocks(ctx);
+       pctx.errcode = ext2fs_convert_subcluster_bitmap(ctx->fs,
+                                               &ctx->block_found_map);
+       if (pctx.errcode) {
+               fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_CONVERT_SUBCLUSTER, &pctx);
+               ctx->flags |= E2F_FLAG_ABORT;
+               return pctx.errcode;
+       }
+
+       pctx.errcode = e2fsck_allocate_block_bitmap(ctx->fs,
+                       _("multiply claimed block map"),
+                       EXT2FS_BMAP64_RBTREE, "block_dup_map",
+                       &ctx->block_dup_map);
+       if (pctx.errcode) {
+               pctx.num = 3;
+               fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_ALLOCATE_BBITMAP_ERROR,
+                           &pctx);
+               /* Should never get here */
+               ctx->flags |= E2F_FLAG_ABORT;
+               return pctx.errcode;
+       }
+
+       if (ext2fs_has_feature_mmp(fs->super) &&
+           fs->super->s_mmp_block > fs->super->s_first_data_block &&
+           fs->super->s_mmp_block < ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super))
+               ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap2(ctx->block_found_map,
+                                         fs->super->s_mmp_block);
+#ifdef HAVE_PTHREAD
+       pthread_rwlock_init(&ctx->fs_fix_rwlock, NULL);
+       pthread_rwlock_init(&ctx->fs_block_map_rwlock, NULL);
+       if (ctx->fs_num_threads > 1)
+               ctx->fs_need_locking = 1;
+#endif
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void e2fsck_pass1_post(e2fsck_t ctx)
+{
+       struct problem_context pctx;
+       ext2_filsys fs = ctx->fs;
+       char *block_buf;
+
+       if (e2fsck_should_abort(ctx))
+               return;
+
+       block_buf = (char *)e2fsck_allocate_memory(ctx, ctx->fs->blocksize * 3,
+                                             "block interate buffer");
+       reserve_block_for_root_repair(ctx);
+       reserve_block_for_lnf_repair(ctx);
+
+       /*
+        * If any extended attribute blocks' reference counts need to
+        * be adjusted, either up (ctx->refcount_extra), or down
+        * (ctx->refcount), then fix them.
+        */
+       if (ctx->refcount) {
+               adjust_extattr_refcount(ctx, ctx->refcount, block_buf, -1);
+               ea_refcount_free(ctx->refcount);
+               ctx->refcount = 0;
+       }
+       if (ctx->refcount_extra) {
+               adjust_extattr_refcount(ctx, ctx->refcount_extra,
+                                       block_buf, +1);
+               ea_refcount_free(ctx->refcount_extra);
+               ctx->refcount_extra = 0;
+       }
+
+       if (ctx->invalid_bitmaps)
+               handle_fs_bad_blocks(ctx);
+
+       /* We don't need the block_ea_map any more */
+       if (ctx->block_ea_map) {
+               ext2fs_free_block_bitmap(ctx->block_ea_map);
+               ctx->block_ea_map = 0;
+       }
+
+       if (ctx->flags & E2F_FLAG_RESIZE_INODE) {
+               struct ext2_inode *inode;
+               int inode_size = EXT2_INODE_SIZE(fs->super);
+               inode = e2fsck_allocate_memory(ctx, inode_size,
+                                              "scratch inode");
+
+               clear_problem_context(&pctx);
+               pctx.errcode = ext2fs_create_resize_inode(fs);
+               if (pctx.errcode) {
+                       if (!fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_RESIZE_INODE_CREATE,
+                                        &pctx)) {
+                               ctx->flags |= E2F_FLAG_ABORT;
+                               ext2fs_free_mem(&inode);
+                               ext2fs_free_mem(&block_buf);
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       pctx.errcode = 0;
+               }
+               if (!pctx.errcode) {
+                       e2fsck_read_inode(ctx, EXT2_RESIZE_INO, inode,
+                                         "recreate inode");
+                       inode->i_mtime = ctx->now;
+                       e2fsck_write_inode(ctx, EXT2_RESIZE_INO, inode,
+                                          "recreate inode");
+               }
+               ctx->flags &= ~E2F_FLAG_RESIZE_INODE;
+               ext2fs_free_mem(&inode);
+       }
+
+       if (ctx->flags & E2F_FLAG_RESTART) {
+               ext2fs_free_mem(&block_buf);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       if (ctx->block_dup_map) {
+               if (!(ctx->flags & E2F_FLAG_DUP_BLOCK)) {
+                       ext2fs_free_mem(&block_buf);
+                       return;
+               }
+               if (ctx->options & E2F_OPT_PREEN) {
+                       clear_problem_context(&pctx);
+                       fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_DUP_BLOCKS_PREENSTOP, &pctx);
+               }
+               e2fsck_pass1_dupblocks(ctx, block_buf);
+               ext2fs_free_mem(&block_buf);
+               ctx->flags &= ~E2F_FLAG_DUP_BLOCK;
+       }
+
+       ctx->flags |= E2F_FLAG_ALLOC_OK;
+}
+
+
 void e2fsck_pass1_run(e2fsck_t ctx)
 {
        int     i;
@@ -1201,21 +1509,13 @@ void e2fsck_pass1_run(e2fsck_t ctx)
        dgrp_t          ra_group = 0;
        struct ea_quota ea_ibody_quota;
        struct process_inode_block *inodes_to_process;
-       int             process_inode_count;
+       int             process_inode_count, check_mmp;
+       e2fsck_t        global_ctx = ctx->global_ctx ? ctx->global_ctx : ctx;
 
        init_resource_track(&rtrack, ctx->fs->io);
        clear_problem_context(&pctx);
 
-       /* If we can do readahead, figure out how many groups to pull in. */
-       if (!e2fsck_can_readahead(ctx->fs))
-               ctx->readahead_kb = 0;
-       else if (ctx->readahead_kb == ~0ULL)
-               ctx->readahead_kb = e2fsck_guess_readahead(ctx->fs);
        pass1_readahead(ctx, &ra_group, &ino_threshold);
-
-       if (!(ctx->options & E2F_OPT_PREEN))
-               fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_PASS_HEADER, &pctx);
-
        if (ext2fs_has_feature_dir_index(fs->super) &&
            !(ctx->options & E2F_OPT_NO)) {
                if (ext2fs_u32_list_create(&ctx->dirs_to_hash, 50))
@@ -1264,24 +1564,6 @@ void e2fsck_pass1_run(e2fsck_t ctx)
                ctx->flags |= E2F_FLAG_ABORT;
                return;
        }
-       pctx.errcode = e2fsck_allocate_subcluster_bitmap(fs,
-                       _("in-use block map"), EXT2FS_BMAP64_RBTREE,
-                       "block_found_map", &ctx->block_found_map);
-       if (pctx.errcode) {
-               pctx.num = 1;
-               fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_ALLOCATE_BBITMAP_ERROR, &pctx);
-               ctx->flags |= E2F_FLAG_ABORT;
-               return;
-       }
-       pctx.errcode = e2fsck_allocate_block_bitmap(fs,
-                       _("metadata block map"), EXT2FS_BMAP64_RBTREE,
-                       "block_metadata_map", &ctx->block_metadata_map);
-       if (pctx.errcode) {
-               pctx.num = 1;
-               fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_ALLOCATE_BBITMAP_ERROR, &pctx);
-               ctx->flags |= E2F_FLAG_ABORT;
-               return;
-       }
        if (casefold_fs) {
                pctx.errcode =
                        e2fsck_allocate_inode_bitmap(fs,
@@ -1337,14 +1619,6 @@ void e2fsck_pass1_run(e2fsck_t ctx)
                }
        }
 
-       mark_table_blocks(ctx);
-       pctx.errcode = ext2fs_convert_subcluster_bitmap(fs,
-                                               &ctx->block_found_map);
-       if (pctx.errcode) {
-               fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_CONVERT_SUBCLUSTER, &pctx);
-               ctx->flags |= E2F_FLAG_ABORT;
-               goto endit;
-       }
        block_buf = (char *) e2fsck_allocate_memory(ctx, fs->blocksize * 3,
                                                    "block iterate buffer");
        if (EXT2_INODE_SIZE(fs->super) == EXT2_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE)
@@ -1378,12 +1652,6 @@ void e2fsck_pass1_run(e2fsck_t ctx)
             fs->super->s_mkfs_time < fs->super->s_inodes_count))
                low_dtime_check = 0;
 
-       if (ext2fs_has_feature_mmp(fs->super) &&
-           fs->super->s_mmp_block > fs->super->s_first_data_block &&
-           fs->super->s_mmp_block < ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super))
-               ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap2(ctx->block_found_map,
-                                         fs->super->s_mmp_block);
-
        /* Set up ctx->lost_and_found if possible */
        (void) e2fsck_get_lost_and_found(ctx, 0);
 
@@ -1405,7 +1673,30 @@ void e2fsck_pass1_run(e2fsck_t ctx)
 #endif
 
        while (1) {
-               if (ino % (fs->super->s_inodes_per_group * 4) == 1) {
+               check_mmp = 0;
+               e2fsck_pass1_check_lock(ctx);
+#ifdef HAVE_PTHREAD
+               if (!global_ctx->mmp_update_thread) {
+                       e2fsck_pass1_block_map_w_lock(ctx);
+                       if (!global_ctx->mmp_update_thread) {
+                               global_ctx->mmp_update_thread =
+                                       ctx->thread_info.et_thread_index + 1;
+                               check_mmp = 1;
+                       }
+                       e2fsck_pass1_block_map_w_unlock(ctx);
+               }
+
+               /* only one active thread could update mmp block. */
+               e2fsck_pass1_block_map_r_lock(ctx);
+               if (global_ctx->mmp_update_thread ==
+                   ctx->thread_info.et_thread_index + 1)
+                       check_mmp = 1;
+               e2fsck_pass1_block_map_r_unlock(ctx);
+#else
+               check_mmp = 1;
+#endif
+
+               if (check_mmp && (ino % (fs->super->s_inodes_per_group * 4) == 1)) {
                        if (e2fsck_mmp_update(fs))
                                fatal_error(ctx, 0);
                }
@@ -1415,8 +1706,10 @@ void e2fsck_pass1_run(e2fsck_t ctx)
                if (ino > ino_threshold)
                        pass1_readahead(ctx, &ra_group, &ino_threshold);
                ehandler_operation(old_op);
-               if (e2fsck_should_abort(ctx))
+               if (e2fsck_should_abort(ctx)) {
+                       e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
                        goto endit;
+               }
                if (pctx.errcode == EXT2_ET_BAD_BLOCK_IN_INODE_TABLE) {
                        /*
                         * If badblocks says badblocks is bad, offer to clear
@@ -1437,27 +1730,45 @@ void e2fsck_pass1_run(e2fsck_t ctx)
                                        fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_ISCAN_ERROR,
                                                    &pctx);
                                        ctx->flags |= E2F_FLAG_ABORT;
+                                       e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
+                                       goto endit;
                                } else
                                        ctx->flags |= E2F_FLAG_RESTART;
-                               goto endit;
+                               err = ext2fs_inode_scan_goto_blockgroup(scan,
+                                                                       0);
+                               if (err) {
+                                       fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_ISCAN_ERROR,
+                                                   &pctx);
+                                       ctx->flags |= E2F_FLAG_ABORT;
+                                       e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
+                                       goto endit;
+                               }
+                               e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
+                               continue;
                        }
                        if (!ctx->inode_bb_map)
                                alloc_bb_map(ctx);
                        ext2fs_mark_inode_bitmap2(ctx->inode_bb_map, ino);
                        ext2fs_mark_inode_bitmap2(ctx->inode_used_map, ino);
+                       e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
                        continue;
                }
-               if (pctx.errcode == EXT2_ET_SCAN_FINISHED)
+               if (pctx.errcode == EXT2_ET_SCAN_FINISHED) {
+                       e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
                        break;
+               }
                if (pctx.errcode &&
                    pctx.errcode != EXT2_ET_INODE_CSUM_INVALID &&
                    pctx.errcode != EXT2_ET_INODE_IS_GARBAGE) {
                        fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_ISCAN_ERROR, &pctx);
                        ctx->flags |= E2F_FLAG_ABORT;
+                       e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
                        goto endit;
                }
-               if (!ino)
+               if (!ino) {
+                       e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
                        break;
+               }
 #ifdef HAVE_PTHREAD
                if (ctx->global_ctx)
                        ctx->thread_info.et_inode_number++;
@@ -1510,6 +1821,7 @@ void e2fsck_pass1_run(e2fsck_t ctx)
                                pctx.num = inode->i_links_count;
                                fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_ICOUNT_STORE, &pctx);
                                ctx->flags |= E2F_FLAG_ABORT;
+                               e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
                                goto endit;
                        }
                } else if ((ino >= EXT2_FIRST_INODE(fs->super)) &&
@@ -1524,6 +1836,7 @@ void e2fsck_pass1_run(e2fsck_t ctx)
                                }
                        }
                        FINISH_INODE_LOOP(ctx, ino, &pctx, failed_csum);
+                       e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
                        continue;
                }
 
@@ -1544,6 +1857,7 @@ void e2fsck_pass1_run(e2fsck_t ctx)
                                                               &pctx);
                        if (res < 0) {
                                /* skip FINISH_INODE_LOOP */
+                               e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
                                continue;
                        }
                }
@@ -1557,12 +1871,15 @@ void e2fsck_pass1_run(e2fsck_t ctx)
                                                               &size);
                        if (!pctx.errcode &&
                            fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_INLINE_DATA_FEATURE, &pctx)) {
+                               e2fsck_pass1_fix_lock(ctx);
                                ext2fs_set_feature_inline_data(sb);
                                ext2fs_mark_super_dirty(fs);
+                               e2fsck_pass1_fix_unlock(ctx);
                                inlinedata_fs = 1;
                        } else if (fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_INLINE_DATA_SET, &pctx)) {
                                e2fsck_clear_inode(ctx, ino, inode, 0, "pass1");
                                /* skip FINISH_INODE_LOOP */
+                               e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
                                continue;
                        }
                }
@@ -1607,6 +1924,7 @@ void e2fsck_pass1_run(e2fsck_t ctx)
                                        if (err) {
                                                pctx.errcode = err;
                                                ctx->flags |= E2F_FLAG_ABORT;
+                                               e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
                                                goto endit;
                                        }
                                        inode->i_flags &= ~EXT4_INLINE_DATA_FL;
@@ -1621,6 +1939,7 @@ void e2fsck_pass1_run(e2fsck_t ctx)
                                /* Some other kind of non-xattr error? */
                                pctx.errcode = err;
                                ctx->flags |= E2F_FLAG_ABORT;
+                               e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
                                goto endit;
                        }
                }
@@ -1646,9 +1965,11 @@ void e2fsck_pass1_run(e2fsck_t ctx)
                        if ((ext2fs_extent_header_verify(inode->i_block,
                                                 sizeof(inode->i_block)) == 0) &&
                            fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_EXTENT_FEATURE, &pctx)) {
+                               e2fsck_pass1_fix_lock(ctx);
                                ext2fs_set_feature_extents(sb);
                                ext2fs_mark_super_dirty(fs);
                                extent_fs = 1;
+                               e2fsck_pass1_fix_unlock(ctx);
                        } else if (fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_EXTENTS_SET, &pctx)) {
                        clear_inode:
                                e2fsck_clear_inode(ctx, ino, inode, 0, "pass1");
@@ -1656,6 +1977,7 @@ void e2fsck_pass1_run(e2fsck_t ctx)
                                        ext2fs_mark_inode_bitmap2(ctx->inode_used_map,
                                                                 ino);
                                /* skip FINISH_INODE_LOOP */
+                               e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
                                continue;
                        }
                }
@@ -1710,12 +2032,16 @@ void e2fsck_pass1_run(e2fsck_t ctx)
                                failed_csum = 0;
                        }
 
-                       pctx.errcode = ext2fs_copy_bitmap(ctx->block_found_map,
-                                                         &pb.fs_meta_blocks);
+                       e2fsck_pass1_block_map_r_lock(ctx);
+                       pctx.errcode = ext2fs_copy_bitmap(ctx->global_ctx ?
+                                       ctx->global_ctx->block_found_map :
+                                       ctx->block_found_map, &pb.fs_meta_blocks);
+                       e2fsck_pass1_block_map_r_unlock(ctx);
                        if (pctx.errcode) {
                                pctx.num = 4;
                                fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_ALLOCATE_BBITMAP_ERROR, &pctx);
                                ctx->flags |= E2F_FLAG_ABORT;
+                               e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
                                goto endit;
                        }
                        pb.ino = EXT2_BAD_INO;
@@ -1733,16 +2059,19 @@ void e2fsck_pass1_run(e2fsck_t ctx)
                        if (pctx.errcode) {
                                fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_BLOCK_ITERATE, &pctx);
                                ctx->flags |= E2F_FLAG_ABORT;
+                               e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
                                goto endit;
                        }
                        if (pb.bbcheck)
                                if (!fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_BBINODE_BAD_METABLOCK_PROMPT, &pctx)) {
                                ctx->flags |= E2F_FLAG_ABORT;
+                               e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
                                goto endit;
                        }
                        ext2fs_mark_inode_bitmap2(ctx->inode_used_map, ino);
                        clear_problem_context(&pctx);
                        FINISH_INODE_LOOP(ctx, ino, &pctx, failed_csum);
+                       e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
                        continue;
                } else if (ino == EXT2_ROOT_INO) {
                        /*
@@ -1784,6 +2113,7 @@ void e2fsck_pass1_run(e2fsck_t ctx)
                                }
                                check_blocks(ctx, &pctx, block_buf, NULL);
                                FINISH_INODE_LOOP(ctx, ino, &pctx, failed_csum);
+                               e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
                                continue;
                        }
                        if ((inode->i_links_count ||
@@ -1811,6 +2141,7 @@ void e2fsck_pass1_run(e2fsck_t ctx)
                                }
                                check_blocks(ctx, &pctx, block_buf, NULL);
                                FINISH_INODE_LOOP(ctx, ino, &pctx, failed_csum);
+                               e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
                                continue;
                        }
                        if ((inode->i_links_count ||
@@ -1875,11 +2206,13 @@ void e2fsck_pass1_run(e2fsck_t ctx)
                        }
                        check_blocks(ctx, &pctx, block_buf, NULL);
                        FINISH_INODE_LOOP(ctx, ino, &pctx, failed_csum);
+                       e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
                        continue;
                }
 
                if (!inode->i_links_count) {
                        FINISH_INODE_LOOP(ctx, ino, &pctx, failed_csum);
+                       e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
                        continue;
                }
                /*
@@ -1989,12 +2322,14 @@ void e2fsck_pass1_run(e2fsck_t ctx)
                        ctx->fs_symlinks_count++;
                        if (inode->i_flags & EXT4_INLINE_DATA_FL) {
                                FINISH_INODE_LOOP(ctx, ino, &pctx, failed_csum);
+                               e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
                                continue;
                        } else if (ext2fs_is_fast_symlink(inode)) {
                                ctx->fs_fast_symlinks_count++;
                                check_blocks(ctx, &pctx, block_buf,
                                             &ea_ibody_quota);
                                FINISH_INODE_LOOP(ctx, ino, &pctx, failed_csum);
+                               e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
                                continue;
                        }
                }
@@ -2042,42 +2377,27 @@ void e2fsck_pass1_run(e2fsck_t ctx)
 
                FINISH_INODE_LOOP(ctx, ino, &pctx, failed_csum);
 
-               if (ctx->flags & E2F_FLAG_SIGNAL_MASK)
+               if (e2fsck_should_abort(ctx)) {
+                       e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
                        goto endit;
+               }
 
                if (process_inode_count >= ctx->process_inode_size) {
                        process_inodes(ctx, block_buf, inodes_to_process,
                                       &process_inode_count);
 
-                       if (e2fsck_should_abort(ctx))
+                       if (e2fsck_should_abort(ctx)) {
+                               e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
                                goto endit;
+                       }
                }
+               e2fsck_pass1_check_unlock(ctx);
        }
        process_inodes(ctx, block_buf, inodes_to_process,
                       &process_inode_count);
        ext2fs_close_inode_scan(scan);
        scan = NULL;
 
-       reserve_block_for_root_repair(ctx);
-       reserve_block_for_lnf_repair(ctx);
-
-       /*
-        * If any extended attribute blocks' reference counts need to
-        * be adjusted, either up (ctx->refcount_extra), or down
-        * (ctx->refcount), then fix them.
-        */
-       if (ctx->refcount) {
-               adjust_extattr_refcount(ctx, ctx->refcount, block_buf, -1);
-               ea_refcount_free(ctx->refcount);
-               ctx->refcount = 0;
-       }
-       if (ctx->refcount_extra) {
-               adjust_extattr_refcount(ctx, ctx->refcount_extra,
-                                       block_buf, +1);
-               ea_refcount_free(ctx->refcount_extra);
-               ctx->refcount_extra = 0;
-       }
-
        if (ctx->ea_block_quota_blocks) {
                ea_refcount_free(ctx->ea_block_quota_blocks);
                ctx->ea_block_quota_blocks = 0;
@@ -2085,42 +2405,12 @@ void e2fsck_pass1_run(e2fsck_t ctx)
 
        if (ctx->ea_block_quota_inodes) {
                ea_refcount_free(ctx->ea_block_quota_inodes);
-               ctx->ea_block_quota_inodes = 0;
-       }
-
-       if (ctx->invalid_bitmaps)
-               handle_fs_bad_blocks(ctx);
-
-       /* We don't need the block_ea_map any more */
-       if (ctx->block_ea_map) {
-               ext2fs_free_block_bitmap(ctx->block_ea_map);
-               ctx->block_ea_map = 0;
-       }
-
-       /* We don't need the encryption policy => ID map any more */
-       destroy_encryption_policy_map(ctx);
-
-       if (ctx->flags & E2F_FLAG_RESIZE_INODE) {
-               clear_problem_context(&pctx);
-               pctx.errcode = ext2fs_create_resize_inode(fs);
-               if (pctx.errcode) {
-                       if (!fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_RESIZE_INODE_CREATE,
-                                        &pctx)) {
-                               ctx->flags |= E2F_FLAG_ABORT;
-                               goto endit;
-                       }
-                       pctx.errcode = 0;
-               }
-               if (!pctx.errcode) {
-                       e2fsck_read_inode(ctx, EXT2_RESIZE_INO, inode,
-                                         "recreate inode");
-                       inode->i_mtime = ctx->now;
-                       e2fsck_write_inode(ctx, EXT2_RESIZE_INO, inode,
-                                          "recreate inode");
-               }
-               ctx->flags &= ~E2F_FLAG_RESIZE_INODE;
+               ctx->ea_block_quota_inodes = 0;
        }
 
+       /* We don't need the encryption policy => ID map any more */
+       destroy_encryption_policy_map(ctx);
+
        if (ctx->flags & E2F_FLAG_RESTART) {
                /*
                 * Only the master copy of the superblock and block
@@ -2145,14 +2435,8 @@ void e2fsck_pass1_run(e2fsck_t ctx)
                }
        }
 
-       if (ctx->block_dup_map) {
-               if (ctx->options & E2F_OPT_PREEN) {
-                       clear_problem_context(&pctx);
-                       fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_DUP_BLOCKS_PREENSTOP, &pctx);
-               }
-               e2fsck_pass1_dupblocks(ctx, block_buf);
-       }
        ctx->flags |= E2F_FLAG_ALLOC_OK;
+       ext2fs_free_mem(&inodes_to_process);
 endit:
        e2fsck_use_inode_shortcuts(ctx, 0);
        ext2fs_free_mem(&inodes_to_process);
@@ -2175,27 +2459,13 @@ endit:
                print_resource_track(ctx, _("Pass 1"), &rtrack, ctx->fs->io);
        else
                ctx->invalid_bitmaps++;
-}
-
-static void init_ext2_max_sizes()
-{
-       int     i;
-       __u64   max_sizes;
-
-       /*
-        * Init ext2_max_sizes which will be immutable and shared between
-        * threads
-        */
-#define EXT2_BPP(bits) (1ULL << ((bits) - 2))
-
-       for (i = EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_LOG_SIZE; i <= EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_LOG_SIZE; i++) {
-               max_sizes = EXT2_NDIR_BLOCKS + EXT2_BPP(i);
-               max_sizes = max_sizes + EXT2_BPP(i) * EXT2_BPP(i);
-               max_sizes = max_sizes + EXT2_BPP(i) * EXT2_BPP(i) * EXT2_BPP(i);
-               max_sizes = (max_sizes * (1UL << i));
-               ext2_max_sizes[i - EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_LOG_SIZE] = max_sizes;
-       }
-#undef EXT2_BPP
+#ifdef HAVE_PTHREAD
+       /* reset update_thread after this thread exit */
+       e2fsck_pass1_block_map_w_lock(ctx);
+       if (check_mmp)
+               global_ctx->mmp_update_thread = 0;
+       e2fsck_pass1_block_map_w_unlock(ctx);
+#endif
 }
 
 #ifdef HAVE_PTHREAD
@@ -2315,6 +2585,8 @@ static int e2fsck_pass1_merge_fs(ext2_filsys dest, ext2_filsys src)
        ext2fs_block_bitmap block_map;
        ext2_badblocks_list badblocks;
        ext2_dblist dblist;
+       int flags;
+       e2fsck_t dest_ctx = dest->priv_data;
 
        dest_io = dest->io;
        dest_image_io = dest->image_io;
@@ -2322,6 +2594,7 @@ static int e2fsck_pass1_merge_fs(ext2_filsys dest, ext2_filsys src)
        block_map = dest->block_map;
        badblocks = dest->badblocks;
        dblist = dest->dblist;
+       flags = dest->flags;
 
        memcpy(dest, src, sizeof(struct struct_ext2_filsys));
        dest->io = dest_io;
@@ -2331,8 +2604,12 @@ static int e2fsck_pass1_merge_fs(ext2_filsys dest, ext2_filsys src)
        dest->block_map = block_map;
        dest->badblocks = badblocks;
        dest->dblist = dblist;
+       dest->priv_data = dest_ctx;
        if (dest->dblist)
                dest->dblist->fs = dest;
+       dest->flags = src->flags | flags;
+       if (!(src->flags & EXT2_FLAG_VALID) || !(flags & EXT2_FLAG_VALID))
+               ext2fs_unmark_valid(dest);
 
        if (src->icache) {
                ext2fs_free_inode_cache(src->icache);
@@ -2384,15 +2661,70 @@ out:
        return retval;
 }
 
+static void e2fsck_pass1_copy_invalid_bitmaps(e2fsck_t global_ctx,
+                                             e2fsck_t thread_ctx)
+{
+       dgrp_t i, j;
+       dgrp_t grp_start = thread_ctx->thread_info.et_group_start;
+       dgrp_t grp_end = thread_ctx->thread_info.et_group_end;
+       dgrp_t total = grp_end - grp_start;
+
+       thread_ctx->invalid_inode_bitmap_flag =
+                       e2fsck_allocate_memory(global_ctx, sizeof(int) * total,
+                                               "invalid_inode_bitmap");
+       thread_ctx->invalid_block_bitmap_flag =
+                       e2fsck_allocate_memory(global_ctx, sizeof(int) * total,
+                                              "invalid_block_bitmap");
+       thread_ctx->invalid_inode_table_flag =
+                       e2fsck_allocate_memory(global_ctx, sizeof(int) * total,
+                                              "invalid_inode_table");
+
+       memcpy(thread_ctx->invalid_block_bitmap_flag,
+              &global_ctx->invalid_block_bitmap_flag[grp_start],
+              total * sizeof(int));
+       memcpy(thread_ctx->invalid_inode_bitmap_flag,
+              &global_ctx->invalid_inode_bitmap_flag[grp_start],
+              total * sizeof(int));
+       memcpy(thread_ctx->invalid_inode_table_flag,
+              &global_ctx->invalid_inode_table_flag[grp_start],
+              total * sizeof(int));
+
+       thread_ctx->invalid_bitmaps = 0;
+       for (i = grp_start, j = 0; i < grp_end; i++, j++) {
+               if (thread_ctx->invalid_block_bitmap_flag[j])
+                       thread_ctx->invalid_bitmaps++;
+               if (thread_ctx->invalid_inode_bitmap_flag[j])
+                       thread_ctx->invalid_bitmaps++;
+               if (thread_ctx->invalid_inode_table_flag[j])
+                       thread_ctx->invalid_bitmaps++;
+       }
+}
+
+static void e2fsck_pass1_merge_invalid_bitmaps(e2fsck_t global_ctx,
+                                              e2fsck_t thread_ctx)
+{
+       dgrp_t grp_start = thread_ctx->thread_info.et_group_start;
+       dgrp_t grp_end = thread_ctx->thread_info.et_group_end;
+       dgrp_t total = grp_end - grp_start;
+
+       memcpy(&global_ctx->invalid_block_bitmap_flag[grp_start],
+              thread_ctx->invalid_block_bitmap_flag, total * sizeof(int));
+       memcpy(&global_ctx->invalid_inode_bitmap_flag[grp_start],
+              thread_ctx->invalid_inode_bitmap_flag, total * sizeof(int));
+       memcpy(&global_ctx->invalid_inode_table_flag[grp_start],
+              thread_ctx->invalid_inode_table_flag, total * sizeof(int));
+       global_ctx->invalid_bitmaps += thread_ctx->invalid_bitmaps;
+}
+
 static errcode_t e2fsck_pass1_thread_prepare(e2fsck_t global_ctx, e2fsck_t *thread_ctx,
-                                            int thread_index, int num_threads)
+                                            int thread_index, int num_threads,
+                                            dgrp_t average_group)
 {
        errcode_t               retval;
        e2fsck_t                thread_context;
        ext2_filsys             thread_fs;
        ext2_filsys             global_fs = global_ctx->fs;
        struct e2fsck_thread    *tinfo;
-       dgrp_t                  average_group;
 
        assert(global_ctx->inode_used_map == NULL);
        assert(global_ctx->inode_dir_map == NULL);
@@ -2401,10 +2733,10 @@ static errcode_t e2fsck_pass1_thread_prepare(e2fsck_t global_ctx, e2fsck_t *thre
        assert(global_ctx->inode_reg_map == NULL);
        assert(global_ctx->inodes_to_rebuild == NULL);
 
-       assert(global_ctx->block_found_map == NULL);
-       assert(global_ctx->block_dup_map == NULL);
+       assert(global_ctx->block_found_map != NULL);
+       assert(global_ctx->block_metadata_map != NULL);
+       assert(global_ctx->block_dup_map != NULL);
        assert(global_ctx->block_ea_map == NULL);
-       assert(global_ctx->block_metadata_map == NULL);
        assert(global_ctx->fs->dblist == NULL);
 
        retval = ext2fs_get_mem(sizeof(struct e2fsck_struct), &thread_context);
@@ -2413,8 +2745,16 @@ static errcode_t e2fsck_pass1_thread_prepare(e2fsck_t global_ctx, e2fsck_t *thre
                return retval;
        }
        memcpy(thread_context, global_ctx, sizeof(struct e2fsck_struct));
-       thread_context->global_ctx = global_ctx;
+       thread_context->block_dup_map = NULL;
+       thread_context->casefolded_dirs = NULL;
+
+       retval = e2fsck_allocate_block_bitmap(global_ctx->fs,
+                               _("in-use block map"), EXT2FS_BMAP64_RBTREE,
+                               "block_found_map", &thread_context->block_found_map);
+       if (retval)
+               goto out_context;
 
+       thread_context->global_ctx = global_ctx;
        retval = ext2fs_get_mem(sizeof(struct struct_ext2_filsys), &thread_fs);
        if (retval) {
                com_err(global_ctx->program_name, retval, "while allocating memory");
@@ -2432,16 +2772,9 @@ static errcode_t e2fsck_pass1_thread_prepare(e2fsck_t global_ctx, e2fsck_t *thre
        thread_context->thread_info.et_thread_index = thread_index;
        set_up_logging(thread_context);
 
-       /*
-        * Distribute work to multiple threads:
-        * Each thread work on fs->group_desc_count / nthread groups.
-        */
        tinfo = &thread_context->thread_info;
-       average_group = thread_fs->group_desc_count / num_threads;
-       if (average_group == 0)
-               average_group = 1;
        tinfo->et_group_start = average_group * thread_index;
-       if (thread_index == num_threads - 1)
+       if (thread_index == global_fs->fs_num_threads - 1)
                tinfo->et_group_end = thread_fs->group_desc_count;
        else
                tinfo->et_group_end = average_group * (thread_index + 1);
@@ -2453,11 +2786,20 @@ static errcode_t e2fsck_pass1_thread_prepare(e2fsck_t global_ctx, e2fsck_t *thre
                log_out(thread_context, _("Scan group range [%d, %d)\n"),
                        tinfo->et_group_start, tinfo->et_group_end);
        thread_context->fs = thread_fs;
+       retval = quota_init_context(&thread_context->qctx, thread_fs, 0);
+       if (retval) {
+               com_err(global_ctx->program_name, retval,
+                       "while init quota context");
+               goto out_fs;
+       }
        *thread_ctx = thread_context;
+       e2fsck_pass1_copy_invalid_bitmaps(global_ctx, thread_context);
        return 0;
 out_fs:
        ext2fs_free_mem(&thread_fs);
 out_context:
+       if (thread_context->block_found_map)
+               ext2fs_free_mem(&thread_context->block_found_map);
        ext2fs_free_mem(&thread_context);
        return retval;
 }
@@ -2477,6 +2819,22 @@ static void e2fsck_pass1_merge_dir_info(e2fsck_t global_ctx, e2fsck_t thread_ctx
                              global_ctx->dir_info);
 }
 
+static void e2fsck_pass1_merge_dx_dir(e2fsck_t global_ctx, e2fsck_t thread_ctx)
+{
+       if (thread_ctx->dx_dir_info == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       if (global_ctx->dx_dir_info == NULL) {
+               global_ctx->dx_dir_info = thread_ctx->dx_dir_info;
+               global_ctx->dx_dir_info_size = thread_ctx->dx_dir_info_size;
+               global_ctx->dx_dir_info_count = thread_ctx->dx_dir_info_count;
+               thread_ctx->dx_dir_info = NULL;
+               return;
+       }
+
+       e2fsck_merge_dx_dir(global_ctx, thread_ctx);
+}
+
 static inline errcode_t
 e2fsck_pass1_merge_icount(ext2_icount_t *dest_icount,
                          ext2_icount_t *src_icount)
@@ -2512,69 +2870,237 @@ static errcode_t e2fsck_pass1_merge_icounts(e2fsck_t global_ctx, e2fsck_t thread
        return ret;
 }
 
-static int e2fsck_pass1_thread_join_one(e2fsck_t global_ctx, e2fsck_t thread_ctx)
+static errcode_t e2fsck_pass1_merge_dirs_to_hash(e2fsck_t global_ctx,
+                                                e2fsck_t thread_ctx)
 {
-       errcode_t        retval;
-       int              flags = global_ctx->flags;
-       ext2_filsys      thread_fs = thread_ctx->fs;
-       ext2_filsys      global_fs = global_ctx->fs;
-       FILE            *global_logf = global_ctx->logf;
-       FILE            *global_problem_logf = global_ctx->problem_logf;
-       ext2fs_inode_bitmap inode_bad_map = global_ctx->inode_bad_map;
-       struct dir_info_db *dir_info = global_ctx->dir_info;
-       ext2fs_inode_bitmap inode_used_map = global_ctx->inode_used_map;
-       ext2fs_inode_bitmap inode_dir_map = global_ctx->inode_dir_map;
-       ext2fs_inode_bitmap inode_bb_map = global_ctx->inode_bb_map;
-       ext2fs_inode_bitmap inode_imagic_map = global_ctx->inode_imagic_map;
-       ext2fs_inode_bitmap inode_reg_map = global_ctx->inode_reg_map;
-       ext2fs_block_bitmap block_found_map = global_ctx->block_found_map;
-       ext2fs_block_bitmap block_dup_map = global_ctx->block_dup_map;
-       ext2fs_block_bitmap block_ea_map = global_ctx->block_ea_map;
-       ext2fs_block_bitmap block_metadata_map = global_ctx->block_metadata_map;
-       ext2fs_block_bitmap inodes_to_rebuild = global_ctx->inodes_to_rebuild;
-       ext2_icount_t inode_count = global_ctx->inode_count;
-       ext2_icount_t inode_link_info = global_ctx->inode_link_info;
+       errcode_t retval = 0;
 
-#ifdef HAVE_SETJMP_H
-       jmp_buf          old_jmp;
+       if (!thread_ctx->dirs_to_hash)
+               return 0;
 
-       memcpy(old_jmp, global_ctx->abort_loc, sizeof(jmp_buf));
-#endif
-       memcpy(global_ctx, thread_ctx, sizeof(struct e2fsck_struct));
-#ifdef HAVE_SETJMP_H
-       memcpy(global_ctx->abort_loc, old_jmp, sizeof(jmp_buf));
-#endif
+       if (!global_ctx->dirs_to_hash)
+               retval = ext2fs_badblocks_copy(thread_ctx->dirs_to_hash,
+                                              &global_ctx->dirs_to_hash);
+       else
+               retval = ext2fs_badblocks_merge(thread_ctx->dirs_to_hash,
+                                               global_ctx->dirs_to_hash);
 
-       global_ctx->inode_used_map = inode_used_map;
-       global_ctx->inode_bad_map = inode_bad_map;
-       global_ctx->inode_dir_map = inode_dir_map;
-       global_ctx->inode_bb_map = inode_bb_map;
-       global_ctx->inode_imagic_map = inode_imagic_map;
-       global_ctx->inodes_to_rebuild = inodes_to_rebuild;
-       global_ctx->inode_reg_map = inode_reg_map;
-       global_ctx->block_found_map = block_found_map;
-       global_ctx->block_dup_map = block_dup_map;
-       global_ctx->block_ea_map = block_ea_map;
-       global_ctx->block_metadata_map = block_metadata_map;
-       global_ctx->dir_info = dir_info;
-       e2fsck_pass1_merge_dir_info(global_ctx, thread_ctx);
-       global_ctx->inode_count = inode_count;
-       global_ctx->inode_link_info = inode_link_info;
+       return retval;
+}
+
+static errcode_t e2fsck_pass1_merge_ea_inode_refs(e2fsck_t global_ctx,
+                                                 e2fsck_t thread_ctx)
+{
+       ea_value_t count;
+       blk64_t blk;
+       errcode_t retval;
+
+       if (!thread_ctx->ea_inode_refs)
+               return 0;
+
+       if (!global_ctx->ea_inode_refs) {
+               global_ctx->ea_inode_refs = thread_ctx->ea_inode_refs;
+               thread_ctx->ea_inode_refs = NULL;
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       ea_refcount_intr_begin(thread_ctx->ea_inode_refs);
+       while (1) {
+               if ((blk = ea_refcount_intr_next(thread_ctx->ea_inode_refs,
+                                                &count)) == 0)
+                       break;
+               if (!global_ctx->block_ea_map ||
+                   !ext2fs_fast_test_block_bitmap2(global_ctx->block_ea_map,
+                                                   blk)) {
+                       retval = ea_refcount_store(global_ctx->ea_inode_refs,
+                                                  blk, count);
+                       if (retval)
+                               return retval;
+               }
+       }
+
+       return retval;
+}
+
+static ea_value_t ea_refcount_usage(e2fsck_t ctx, blk64_t blk,
+                                   ea_value_t *orig)
+{
+       ea_value_t count_cur;
+       ea_value_t count_extra = 0;
+       ea_value_t count_orig;
+
+       ea_refcount_fetch(ctx->refcount_orig, blk, &count_orig);
+       ea_refcount_fetch(ctx->refcount, blk, &count_cur);
+       /* most of time this is not needed */
+       if (ctx->refcount_extra && count_cur == 0)
+               ea_refcount_fetch(ctx->refcount_extra, blk, &count_extra);
+
+       if (!count_orig)
+               count_orig = *orig;
+       else if (orig)
+               *orig = count_orig;
+
+       return count_orig + count_extra - count_cur;
+}
+
+static errcode_t e2fsck_pass1_merge_ea_refcount(e2fsck_t global_ctx,
+                                               e2fsck_t thread_ctx)
+{
+       ea_value_t count;
+       blk64_t blk;
+       errcode_t retval = 0;
+
+       if (!thread_ctx->refcount)
+               return 0;
+
+       if (!global_ctx->refcount) {
+               global_ctx->refcount = thread_ctx->refcount;
+               thread_ctx->refcount = NULL;
+               global_ctx->refcount_extra = thread_ctx->refcount;
+               thread_ctx->refcount_extra = NULL;
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       ea_refcount_intr_begin(thread_ctx->refcount);
+       while (1) {
+               if ((blk = ea_refcount_intr_next(thread_ctx->refcount,
+                                                &count)) == 0)
+                       break;
+               /**
+                * this EA has never seen before, so just store its
+                * refcount and refcount_extra into global_ctx if needed.
+                */
+               if (!global_ctx->block_ea_map ||
+                   !ext2fs_fast_test_block_bitmap2(global_ctx->block_ea_map,
+                                                   blk)) {
+                       ea_value_t extra;
+
+                       retval = ea_refcount_store(global_ctx->refcount,
+                                                  blk, count);
+                       if (retval)
+                               return retval;
+
+                       if (count > 0 || !thread_ctx->refcount_extra)
+                               continue;
+                       ea_refcount_fetch(thread_ctx->refcount_extra, blk,
+                                         &extra);
+                       if (extra == 0)
+                               continue;
+
+                       if (!global_ctx->refcount_extra) {
+                               retval = ea_refcount_create(0,
+                                               &global_ctx->refcount_extra);
+                               if (retval)
+                                       return retval;
+                       }
+                       retval = ea_refcount_store(global_ctx->refcount_extra,
+                                                  blk, extra);
+                       if (retval)
+                               return retval;
+               } else {
+                       ea_value_t orig;
+                       ea_value_t thread_usage;
+                       ea_value_t global_usage;
+                       ea_value_t new;
+
+                       thread_usage = ea_refcount_usage(thread_ctx,
+                                                        blk, &orig);
+                       global_usage = ea_refcount_usage(global_ctx,
+                                                        blk, &orig);
+                       if (thread_usage + global_usage <= orig) {
+                               new = orig - thread_usage - global_usage;
+                               retval = ea_refcount_store(global_ctx->refcount,
+                                                          blk, new);
+                               if (retval)
+                                       return retval;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       /* update it is as zero */
+                       retval = ea_refcount_store(global_ctx->refcount,
+                                                  blk, 0);
+                       if (retval)
+                               return retval;
+                       /* Ooops, this EA was referenced more than it stated */
+                       if (!global_ctx->refcount_extra) {
+                               retval = ea_refcount_create(0,
+                                               &global_ctx->refcount_extra);
+                               if (retval)
+                                       return retval;
+                       }
+                       new = global_usage + thread_usage - orig;
+                       retval = ea_refcount_store(global_ctx->refcount_extra,
+                                                  blk, new);
+                       if (retval)
+                               return retval;
+               }
+       }
+
+       return retval;
+}
 
-       /* Keep the global singal flags*/
-       global_ctx->flags |= (flags & E2F_FLAG_SIGNAL_MASK) |
-                            (global_ctx->flags & E2F_FLAG_SIGNAL_MASK);
+static errcode_t e2fsck_pass1_merge_casefolded_dirs(e2fsck_t global_ctx,
+                                                  e2fsck_t thread_ctx)
+{
+       errcode_t retval = 0;
+
+       if (!thread_ctx->casefolded_dirs)
+               return 0;
+
+       if (!global_ctx->casefolded_dirs)
+               retval = ext2fs_badblocks_copy(thread_ctx->casefolded_dirs,
+                                              &global_ctx->casefolded_dirs);
+       else
+               retval = ext2fs_badblocks_merge(thread_ctx->casefolded_dirs,
+                                               global_ctx->casefolded_dirs);
+
+       return retval;
+}
+
+static errcode_t e2fsck_pass1_merge_context(e2fsck_t global_ctx,
+                                           e2fsck_t thread_ctx)
+{
+       ext2_filsys global_fs = global_ctx->fs;
+       errcode_t retval;
+       int i;
+
+       global_ctx->fs_directory_count += thread_ctx->fs_directory_count;
+       global_ctx->fs_regular_count += thread_ctx->fs_regular_count;
+       global_ctx->fs_blockdev_count += thread_ctx->fs_blockdev_count;
+       global_ctx->fs_chardev_count += thread_ctx->fs_chardev_count;
+       global_ctx->fs_links_count += thread_ctx->fs_links_count;
+       global_ctx->fs_symlinks_count += thread_ctx->fs_symlinks_count;
+       global_ctx->fs_fast_symlinks_count += thread_ctx->fs_fast_symlinks_count;
+       global_ctx->fs_fifo_count += thread_ctx->fs_fifo_count;
+       global_ctx->fs_total_count += thread_ctx->fs_total_count;
+       global_ctx->fs_badblocks_count += thread_ctx->fs_badblocks_count;
+       global_ctx->fs_sockets_count += thread_ctx->fs_sockets_count;
+       global_ctx->fs_ind_count += thread_ctx->fs_ind_count;
+       global_ctx->fs_dind_count += thread_ctx->fs_dind_count;
+       global_ctx->fs_tind_count += thread_ctx->fs_tind_count;
+       global_ctx->fs_fragmented += thread_ctx->fs_fragmented;
+       global_ctx->fs_fragmented_dir += thread_ctx->fs_fragmented_dir;
+       global_ctx->large_files += thread_ctx->large_files;
+       /* threads might enable E2F_OPT_YES */
+       global_ctx->options |= thread_ctx->options;
+       global_ctx->flags |= thread_ctx->flags;
+       /*
+        * The l+f inode may have been cleared, so zap it now and
+        * later passes will recalculate it if necessary
+        */
+       global_ctx->lost_and_found = 0;
+       /* merge extent depth count */
+       for (i = 0; i < MAX_EXTENT_DEPTH_COUNT; i++)
+               global_ctx->extent_depth_count[i] +=
+                       thread_ctx->extent_depth_count[i];
+
+       e2fsck_pass1_merge_dir_info(global_ctx, thread_ctx);
+       e2fsck_pass1_merge_dx_dir(global_ctx, thread_ctx);
 
-       retval = e2fsck_pass1_merge_fs(global_fs, thread_fs);
+       retval = e2fsck_pass1_merge_fs(global_ctx->fs, thread_ctx->fs);
        if (retval) {
                com_err(global_ctx->program_name, 0, _("while merging fs\n"));
                return retval;
        }
-       global_fs->priv_data = global_ctx;
-       global_ctx->fs = global_fs;
-       global_ctx->logf = global_logf;
-       global_ctx->problem_logf = global_problem_logf;
-       global_ctx->global_ctx = NULL;
        retval = e2fsck_pass1_merge_icounts(global_ctx, thread_ctx);
        if (retval) {
                com_err(global_ctx->program_name, 0,
@@ -2582,6 +3108,29 @@ static int e2fsck_pass1_thread_join_one(e2fsck_t global_ctx, e2fsck_t thread_ctx
                return retval;
        }
 
+       retval = e2fsck_pass1_merge_dirs_to_hash(global_ctx, thread_ctx);
+       if (retval) {
+               com_err(global_ctx->program_name, 0,
+                       _("while merging dirs to hash\n"));
+               return retval;
+       }
+
+       e2fsck_pass1_merge_ea_inode_refs(global_ctx, thread_ctx);
+       e2fsck_pass1_merge_ea_refcount(global_ctx, thread_ctx);
+       retval = quota_merge_and_update_usage(global_ctx->qctx,
+                                             thread_ctx->qctx);
+       if (retval)
+               return retval;
+
+       retval = e2fsck_pass1_merge_casefolded_dirs(global_ctx, thread_ctx);
+       if (retval) {
+               com_err(global_ctx->program_name, 0,
+                       _("while merging casefolded dirs\n"));
+               return retval;
+       }
+
+       e2fsck_pass1_merge_invalid_bitmaps(global_ctx, thread_ctx);
+
        retval = e2fsck_pass1_merge_bitmap(global_fs,
                                &thread_ctx->inode_used_map,
                                &global_ctx->inode_used_map);
@@ -2619,25 +3168,27 @@ static int e2fsck_pass1_thread_join_one(e2fsck_t global_ctx, e2fsck_t thread_ctx
        if (retval)
                return retval;
        retval = e2fsck_pass1_merge_bitmap(global_fs,
-                               &thread_ctx->block_found_map,
-                               &global_ctx->block_found_map);
-       if (retval)
-               return retval;
-       retval = e2fsck_pass1_merge_bitmap(global_fs,
-                               &thread_ctx->block_dup_map,
-                               &global_ctx->block_dup_map);
-       if (retval)
-               return retval;
-       retval = e2fsck_pass1_merge_bitmap(global_fs,
                                &thread_ctx->block_ea_map,
                                &global_ctx->block_ea_map);
        if (retval)
                return retval;
-       retval = e2fsck_pass1_merge_bitmap(global_fs,
-                               &thread_ctx->block_metadata_map,
-                               &global_ctx->block_metadata_map);
-       if (retval)
-               return retval;
+
+       if (ext2fs_has_feature_shared_blocks(global_fs->super) &&
+           !(global_ctx->options & E2F_OPT_UNSHARE_BLOCKS))
+               return 0;
+       /*
+        * This need be done after merging block_ea_map
+        * because ea block might be shared, we need exclude
+        * them from dup blocks.
+        */
+       e2fsck_pass1_block_map_w_lock(thread_ctx);
+       retval = ext2fs_merge_bitmap(thread_ctx->block_found_map,
+                                    global_ctx->block_found_map,
+                                    global_ctx->block_dup_map,
+                                    global_ctx->block_ea_map);
+       e2fsck_pass1_block_map_w_unlock(thread_ctx);
+       if (retval == EEXIST)
+               global_ctx->flags |= E2F_FLAG_DUP_BLOCK;
 
        return 0;
 }
@@ -2646,7 +3197,7 @@ static int e2fsck_pass1_thread_join(e2fsck_t global_ctx, e2fsck_t thread_ctx)
 {
        errcode_t       retval;
 
-       retval = e2fsck_pass1_thread_join_one(global_ctx, thread_ctx);
+       retval = e2fsck_pass1_merge_context(global_ctx, thread_ctx);
        ext2fs_free_mem(&thread_ctx->fs);
        if (thread_ctx->logf)
                fclose(thread_ctx->logf);
@@ -2654,33 +3205,30 @@ static int e2fsck_pass1_thread_join(e2fsck_t global_ctx, e2fsck_t thread_ctx)
                fputs("</problem_log>\n", thread_ctx->problem_logf);
                fclose(thread_ctx->problem_logf);
        }
-       e2fsck_pass1_free_bitmap(&thread_ctx->inode_used_map);
-       e2fsck_pass1_free_bitmap(&thread_ctx->inode_bad_map);
-       e2fsck_pass1_free_bitmap(&thread_ctx->inode_dir_map);
-       e2fsck_pass1_free_bitmap(&thread_ctx->inode_bb_map);
-       e2fsck_pass1_free_bitmap(&thread_ctx->inode_imagic_map);
-       e2fsck_pass1_free_bitmap(&thread_ctx->inode_reg_map);
-       e2fsck_pass1_free_bitmap(&thread_ctx->inodes_to_rebuild);
-       e2fsck_pass1_free_bitmap(&thread_ctx->block_found_map);
-       e2fsck_pass1_free_bitmap(&thread_ctx->block_dup_map);
-       e2fsck_pass1_free_bitmap(&thread_ctx->block_ea_map);
-       e2fsck_pass1_free_bitmap(&thread_ctx->block_metadata_map);
-       e2fsck_free_dir_info(thread_ctx);
-       ext2fs_free_icount(thread_ctx->inode_count);
-       ext2fs_free_icount(thread_ctx->inode_link_info);
+
+       /*
+        * @block_metadata_map and @block_dup_map are
+        * shared, so we don't free them.
+        */
+       thread_ctx->block_metadata_map = NULL;
+       thread_ctx->block_dup_map = NULL;
+       e2fsck_reset_context(thread_ctx);
        ext2fs_free_mem(&thread_ctx);
 
        return retval;
 }
 
 static int e2fsck_pass1_threads_join(struct e2fsck_thread_info *infos,
-                                     int num_threads, e2fsck_t global_ctx)
+                                    e2fsck_t global_ctx)
 {
        errcode_t                        rc;
        errcode_t                        ret = 0;
        int                              i;
        struct e2fsck_thread_info       *pinfo;
+       int                              num_threads = global_ctx->fs_num_threads;
 
+       /* merge invalid bitmaps will recalculate it */
+       global_ctx->invalid_bitmaps = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < num_threads; i++) {
                pinfo = &infos[i];
 
@@ -2758,8 +3306,37 @@ out:
        return NULL;
 }
 
+static dgrp_t ext2fs_get_avg_group(ext2_filsys fs)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_PTHREAD
+       dgrp_t average_group;
+       unsigned flexbg_size;
+
+       if (fs->fs_num_threads <= 1)
+               return fs->group_desc_count;
+
+       average_group = fs->group_desc_count / fs->fs_num_threads;
+       if (average_group <= 1)
+               return 1;
+
+       if (ext2fs_has_feature_flex_bg(fs->super)) {
+               int times = 1;
+
+               flexbg_size = 1 << fs->super->s_log_groups_per_flex;
+               if (average_group % flexbg_size) {
+                       times = average_group / flexbg_size;
+                       average_group = times * flexbg_size;
+               }
+       }
+
+       return average_group;
+#else
+       return fs->group_desc_count;
+#endif
+}
+
 static int e2fsck_pass1_threads_start(struct e2fsck_thread_info **pinfo,
-                                     int num_threads, e2fsck_t global_ctx)
+                                     e2fsck_t global_ctx)
 {
        struct e2fsck_thread_info       *infos;
        pthread_attr_t                   attr;
@@ -2768,6 +3345,8 @@ static int e2fsck_pass1_threads_start(struct e2fsck_thread_info **pinfo,
        struct e2fsck_thread_info       *tmp_pinfo;
        int                              i;
        e2fsck_t                         thread_ctx;
+       dgrp_t                           average_group;
+       int                              num_threads = global_ctx->fs_num_threads;
 #ifdef DEBUG_THREADS
        struct e2fsck_thread_debug       thread_debug =
                {PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER, 0};
@@ -2791,6 +3370,7 @@ static int e2fsck_pass1_threads_start(struct e2fsck_thread_info **pinfo,
                return retval;
        }
 
+       average_group = ext2fs_get_avg_group(global_ctx->fs);
        for (i = 0; i < num_threads; i++) {
                tmp_pinfo = &infos[i];
                tmp_pinfo->eti_thread_index = i;
@@ -2798,7 +3378,8 @@ static int e2fsck_pass1_threads_start(struct e2fsck_thread_info **pinfo,
                tmp_pinfo->eti_debug = &thread_debug;
 #endif
                retval = e2fsck_pass1_thread_prepare(global_ctx, &thread_ctx,
-                                                    i, num_threads);
+                                                    i, num_threads,
+                                                    average_group);
                if (retval) {
                        com_err(global_ctx->program_name, retval,
                                _("while preparing pass1 thread\n"));
@@ -2828,7 +3409,7 @@ static int e2fsck_pass1_threads_start(struct e2fsck_thread_info **pinfo,
        }
 
        if (retval) {
-               e2fsck_pass1_threads_join(infos, num_threads, global_ctx);
+               e2fsck_pass1_threads_join(infos, global_ctx);
                return retval;
        }
        *pinfo = infos;
@@ -2837,18 +3418,17 @@ static int e2fsck_pass1_threads_start(struct e2fsck_thread_info **pinfo,
 
 static void e2fsck_pass1_multithread(e2fsck_t global_ctx)
 {
-       struct e2fsck_thread_info       *infos = NULL;
-       int                              num_threads = 1;
-       errcode_t                        retval;
+       struct e2fsck_thread_info *infos = NULL;
+       errcode_t retval;
 
-       retval = e2fsck_pass1_threads_start(&infos, num_threads, global_ctx);
+       retval = e2fsck_pass1_threads_start(&infos, global_ctx);
        if (retval) {
                com_err(global_ctx->program_name, retval,
                        _("while starting pass1 threads\n"));
                goto out_abort;
        }
 
-       retval = e2fsck_pass1_threads_join(infos, num_threads, global_ctx);
+       retval = e2fsck_pass1_threads_join(infos, global_ctx);
        if (retval) {
                com_err(global_ctx->program_name, retval,
                        _("while joining pass1 threads\n"));
@@ -2861,48 +3441,26 @@ out_abort:
 }
 #endif
 
-/* TODO: tdb needs to be handled properly for multiple threads*/
-static int multiple_threads_supported(e2fsck_t ctx)
-{
-#ifdef CONFIG_TDB
-       unsigned int            threshold;
-       ext2_ino_t              num_dirs;
-       errcode_t               retval;
-       char                    *tdb_dir;
-       int                     enable;
-
-       profile_get_string(ctx->profile, "scratch_files", "directory", 0, 0,
-                          &tdb_dir);
-       profile_get_uint(ctx->profile, "scratch_files",
-                        "numdirs_threshold", 0, 0, &threshold);
-       profile_get_boolean(ctx->profile, "scratch_files",
-                           "icount", 0, 1, &enable);
-
-       retval = ext2fs_get_num_dirs(ctx->fs, &num_dirs);
-       if (retval)
-               num_dirs = 1024;        /* Guess */
-
-       /* tdb is unsupported now */
-       if (enable && tdb_dir && !access(tdb_dir, W_OK) &&
-           (!threshold || num_dirs > threshold))
-               return 0;
- #endif
-       return 1;
-}
-
 void e2fsck_pass1(e2fsck_t ctx)
 {
+       errcode_t retval;
+       int need_single = 1;
 
-       init_ext2_max_sizes();
+       retval = e2fsck_pass1_prepare(ctx);
+       if (retval)
+               return;
 #ifdef HAVE_PTHREAD
-       if (multiple_threads_supported(ctx)) {
+       if (ctx->fs_num_threads > 1 ||
+           ctx->options & E2F_OPT_MULTITHREAD) {
+               need_single = 0;
                e2fsck_pass1_multithread(ctx);
-               return;
        }
-       fprintf(stderr, "Fall through single thread for pass1 "
-                       "because tdb could not handle properly\n");
+       /* No lock is needed at this time */
+       ctx->fs_need_locking = 0;
 #endif
-       e2fsck_pass1_run(ctx);
+       if (need_single)
+               e2fsck_pass1_run(ctx);
+       e2fsck_pass1_post(ctx);
 }
 
 #undef FINISH_INODE_LOOP
@@ -3111,30 +3669,20 @@ static void alloc_imagic_map(e2fsck_t ctx)
  */
 static _INLINE_ void mark_block_used(e2fsck_t ctx, blk64_t block)
 {
-       struct          problem_context pctx;
+       struct problem_context pctx;
+       e2fsck_t global_ctx = ctx->global_ctx ? ctx->global_ctx : ctx;
 
        clear_problem_context(&pctx);
 
-       if (ext2fs_fast_test_block_bitmap2(ctx->block_found_map, block)) {
+       if (is_blocks_used(ctx, block, 1)) {
                if (ext2fs_has_feature_shared_blocks(ctx->fs->super) &&
                    !(ctx->options & E2F_OPT_UNSHARE_BLOCKS)) {
                        return;
                }
-               if (!ctx->block_dup_map) {
-                       pctx.errcode = e2fsck_allocate_block_bitmap(ctx->fs,
-                                       _("multiply claimed block map"),
-                                       EXT2FS_BMAP64_RBTREE, "block_dup_map",
-                                       &ctx->block_dup_map);
-                       if (pctx.errcode) {
-                               pctx.num = 3;
-                               fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_ALLOCATE_BBITMAP_ERROR,
-                                           &pctx);
-                               /* Should never get here */
-                               ctx->flags |= E2F_FLAG_ABORT;
-                               return;
-                       }
-               }
-               ext2fs_fast_mark_block_bitmap2(ctx->block_dup_map, block);
+               ctx->flags |= E2F_FLAG_DUP_BLOCK;
+               e2fsck_pass1_block_map_w_lock(ctx);
+               ext2fs_fast_mark_block_bitmap2(global_ctx->block_dup_map, block);
+               e2fsck_pass1_block_map_w_unlock(ctx);
        } else {
                ext2fs_fast_mark_block_bitmap2(ctx->block_found_map, block);
        }
@@ -3147,9 +3695,9 @@ static _INLINE_ void mark_block_used(e2fsck_t ctx, blk64_t block)
 static _INLINE_ void mark_blocks_used(e2fsck_t ctx, blk64_t block,
                                      unsigned int num)
 {
-       if (ext2fs_test_block_bitmap_range2(ctx->block_found_map, block, num))
+       if (!is_blocks_used(ctx, block, num)) {
                ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap_range2(ctx->block_found_map, block, num);
-       else {
+       else {
                unsigned int i;
 
                for (i = 0; i < num; i += EXT2FS_CLUSTER_RATIO(ctx->fs))
@@ -3157,6 +3705,18 @@ static _INLINE_ void mark_blocks_used(e2fsck_t ctx, blk64_t block,
        }
 }
 
+static errcode_t _INLINE_ e2fsck_write_ext_attr3(e2fsck_t ctx, blk64_t block,
+                                                void *inbuf, ext2_ino_t inum)
+{
+       errcode_t retval;
+       ext2_filsys fs = ctx->fs;
+
+       e2fsck_pass1_fix_lock(ctx);
+       retval = ext2fs_write_ext_attr3(fs, block, inbuf, inum);
+       e2fsck_pass1_fix_unlock(ctx);
+
+       return retval;
+}
 /*
  * Adjust the extended attribute block's reference counts at the end
  * of pass 1, either by subtracting out references for EA blocks that
@@ -3193,7 +3753,7 @@ static void adjust_extattr_refcount(e2fsck_t ctx, ext2_refcount_t refcount,
                pctx.num = should_be;
                if (fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_EXTATTR_REFCOUNT, &pctx)) {
                        header->h_refcount = should_be;
-                       pctx.errcode = ext2fs_write_ext_attr3(fs, blk,
+                       pctx.errcode = e2fsck_write_ext_attr3(ctx, blk,
                                                             block_buf,
                                                             pctx.ino);
                        if (pctx.errcode) {
@@ -3260,6 +3820,15 @@ static int check_ext_attr(e2fsck_t ctx, struct problem_context *pctx,
 
        /* Create the EA refcount structure if necessary */
        if (!ctx->refcount) {
+               pctx->errcode = ea_refcount_create(0,
+                                       &ctx->refcount_orig);
+               if (pctx->errcode) {
+                       pctx->num = 1;
+                       fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_ALLOCATE_REFCOUNT, pctx);
+                       ctx->flags |= E2F_FLAG_ABORT;
+                       return 0;
+               }
+
                pctx->errcode = ea_refcount_create(0, &ctx->refcount);
                if (pctx->errcode) {
                        pctx->num = 1;
@@ -3428,7 +3997,7 @@ static int check_ext_attr(e2fsck_t ctx, struct problem_context *pctx,
         */
        if (failed_csum &&
            fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_EA_BLOCK_ONLY_CSUM_INVALID, pctx)) {
-               pctx->errcode = ext2fs_write_ext_attr3(fs, blk, block_buf,
+               pctx->errcode = e2fsck_write_ext_attr3(ctx, blk, block_buf,
                                                       pctx->ino);
                if (pctx->errcode)
                        return 0;
@@ -3468,7 +4037,13 @@ refcount_fail:
 
        inc_ea_inode_refs(ctx, pctx, first, end);
        ea_refcount_store(ctx->refcount, blk, header->h_refcount - 1);
-       mark_block_used(ctx, blk);
+       ea_refcount_store(ctx->refcount_orig, blk, header->h_refcount);
+       /**
+        * It might be racy that this block has been merged in the
+        * global found map.
+        */
+       if (!is_blocks_used(ctx, blk, 1))
+               ext2fs_fast_mark_block_bitmap2(ctx->block_found_map, blk);
        ext2fs_fast_mark_block_bitmap2(ctx->block_ea_map, blk);
        return 1;
 
@@ -3740,10 +4315,12 @@ static void scan_extent_node(e2fsck_t ctx, struct problem_context *pctx,
                if (try_repairs && is_dir && problem == 0 &&
                    (extent.e_flags & EXT2_EXTENT_FLAGS_UNINIT) &&
                    fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_UNINIT_DBLOCK, pctx)) {
+                       e2fsck_pass1_fix_lock(ctx);
                        extent.e_flags &= ~EXT2_EXTENT_FLAGS_UNINIT;
                        pb->inode_modified = 1;
                        pctx->errcode = ext2fs_extent_replace(ehandle, 0,
                                                              &extent);
+                       e2fsck_pass1_fix_unlock(ctx);
                        if (pctx->errcode)
                                return;
                        failed_csum = 0;
@@ -3785,15 +4362,19 @@ report_problem:
                                        }
                                        continue;
                                }
+                               e2fsck_pass1_fix_lock(ctx);
                                e2fsck_read_bitmaps(ctx);
                                pb->inode_modified = 1;
                                pctx->errcode =
                                        ext2fs_extent_delete(ehandle, 0);
+                               e2fsck_pass1_fix_unlock(ctx);
                                if (pctx->errcode) {
                                        pctx->str = "ext2fs_extent_delete";
                                        return;
                                }
+                               e2fsck_pass1_fix_lock(ctx);
                                pctx->errcode = ext2fs_extent_fix_parents(ehandle);
+                               e2fsck_pass1_fix_unlock(ctx);
                                if (pctx->errcode &&
                                    pctx->errcode != EXT2_ET_NO_CURRENT_NODE) {
                                        pctx->str = "ext2fs_extent_fix_parents";
@@ -3862,9 +4443,11 @@ report_problem:
                                pctx->num = e_info.curr_level - 1;
                                problem = PR_1_EXTENT_INDEX_START_INVALID;
                                if (fix_problem(ctx, problem, pctx)) {
+                                       e2fsck_pass1_fix_lock(ctx);
                                        pb->inode_modified = 1;
                                        pctx->errcode =
                                                ext2fs_extent_fix_parents(ehandle);
+                                       e2fsck_pass1_fix_unlock(ctx);
                                        if (pctx->errcode) {
                                                pctx->str = "ext2fs_extent_fix_parents";
                                                return;
@@ -3928,15 +4511,19 @@ report_problem:
                        pctx->blk = extent.e_lblk;
                        pctx->blk2 = new_lblk;
                        if (fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_COLLAPSE_DBLOCK, pctx)) {
+                               e2fsck_pass1_fix_lock(ctx);
                                extent.e_lblk = new_lblk;
                                pb->inode_modified = 1;
                                pctx->errcode = ext2fs_extent_replace(ehandle,
                                                                0, &extent);
+                               e2fsck_pass1_fix_unlock(ctx);
                                if (pctx->errcode) {
                                        pctx->errcode = 0;
                                        goto alloc_later;
                                }
+                               e2fsck_pass1_fix_lock(ctx);
                                pctx->errcode = ext2fs_extent_fix_parents(ehandle);
+                               e2fsck_pass1_fix_unlock(ctx);
                                if (pctx->errcode)
                                        goto failed_add_dir_block;
                                pctx->errcode = ext2fs_extent_goto(ehandle,
@@ -4032,8 +4619,10 @@ alloc_later:
        /* Failed csum but passes checks?  Ask to fix checksum. */
        if (failed_csum &&
            fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_EXTENT_ONLY_CSUM_INVALID, pctx)) {
+               e2fsck_pass1_fix_lock(ctx);
                pb->inode_modified = 1;
                pctx->errcode = ext2fs_extent_replace(ehandle, 0, &extent);
+               e2fsck_pass1_fix_unlock(ctx);
                if (pctx->errcode)
                        return;
        }
@@ -4745,8 +5334,7 @@ static int process_bad_block(ext2_filsys fs,
                                *block_nr = 0;
                                return BLOCK_CHANGED;
                        }
-               } else if (ext2fs_test_block_bitmap2(ctx->block_found_map,
-                                                   blk)) {
+               } else if (is_blocks_used(ctx, blk, 1)) {
                        p->bbcheck = 1;
                        if (fix_problem(ctx, PR_1_BBINODE_BAD_METABLOCK,
                                        pctx)) {
@@ -4755,8 +5343,9 @@ static int process_bad_block(ext2_filsys fs,
                        }
                        if (e2fsck_should_abort(ctx))
                                return BLOCK_ABORT;
-               } else
+               } else {
                        mark_block_used(ctx, blk);
+               }
                return 0;
        }
 #if 0
@@ -4769,7 +5358,7 @@ static int process_bad_block(ext2_filsys fs,
         * there's an overlap between the filesystem table blocks
         * (bitmaps and inode table) and the bad block list.
         */
-       if (!ext2fs_test_block_bitmap2(ctx->block_found_map, blk)) {
+       if (!is_blocks_used(ctx, blk, 1)) {
                ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap2(ctx->block_found_map, blk);
                return 0;
        }