lustre/tests/mpi/mdsrate.c

   1 /*
   2  * 2003, Copyright, Hewlett-Packard Development Compnay, LP.
   3  *
   4  * Developed under the sponsorship of the U.S. Government
   5  *     under Subcontract No. B514193
   6  */
   7
   8 /*
   9  * Copyright (c) 2008, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  10  * Use is subject to license terms.
  11  *
  12  * Copyright (c) 2012, Intel Corporation.
  13  */
  14
  15 #include <stdio.h>
  16 #include <getopt.h>
  17 #include <libgen.h>
  18 #include <sys/types.h>
  19 #include <sys/stat.h>
  20 #include <time.h>
  21 #include <limits.h>
  22 #include <errno.h>
  23 #include <string.h>
  24 #include <fcntl.h>
  25 #include <unistd.h>
  26 #include <stdlib.h>
  27 #include <stdarg.h>
  28 #include <signal.h>
  29 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  30 #include <dirent.h>
  31
  32 #include "mpi.h"
  33
  34 /* lustre */
  35 #include <lustre/lustreapi.h>        /* for O_LOV_DELAY_CREATE */
  36
  37 #define CHECK_COUNT 10000
  38 #define DISPLAY_COUNT (CHECK_COUNT * 10)
  39 #define DISPLAY_TIME 100
  40
  41 enum {
  42         CREATE   = 'c',
  43         LOOKUP   = 'l',
  44         MKNOD    = 'm',
  45         OPEN     = 'o',
  46         STAT     = 's',
  47         UNLINK   = 'u',
  48         BEGIN    = 'b',
  49         ITERS    = 'i',
  50         TIME     = 't',
  51         DIRFMT   = 'd',
  52         NDIRS    = 'D',
  53         FILEFMT  = 'f',
  54         NFILES   = 'F',
  55         NOEXCL   = 'X',
  56         STRIPES  = 'S',
  57         SEED     = 'r',
  58         SEEDFILE = 'R',
  59         RANDOM   = 'A',
  60         READDIR  = 'B',
  61         RECREATE = 'C',
  62         IGNORE   = 'E',
  63         VERBOSE  = 'V',
  64         DEBUG    = 'v',
  65         HELP     = 'h',
  66 };
  67
  68 struct option longOpts[] = {
  69         {"create",        0, NULL, CREATE     },
  70         {"lookup",        0, NULL, LOOKUP     },
  71         {"mknod",         0, NULL, MKNOD      },
  72         {"open",          0, NULL, OPEN       },
  73         {"stat",          0, NULL, STAT       },
  74         {"unlink",        0, NULL, UNLINK     },
  75         {"begin",         1, NULL, BEGIN      },
  76         {"iters",         1, NULL, ITERS      },
  77         {"time",          1, NULL, TIME       },   /* seconds */
  78         {"dirfmt",        1, NULL, DIRFMT     },
  79         {"ndirs",         1, NULL, NDIRS      },
  80         {"filefmt",       1, NULL, FILEFMT    },
  81         {"nfiles",        1, NULL, NFILES     },
  82         {"noexcl",        0, NULL, NOEXCL     },
  83         {"stripes",       1, NULL, STRIPES    },
  84         {"seed",          1, NULL, SEED       },
  85         {"seedfile",      1, NULL, SEEDFILE   },
  86         {"random_order",  0, NULL, RANDOM     },
  87         {"readdir_order", 0, NULL, READDIR    },
  88         {"recreate",      0, NULL, RECREATE   },
  89         {"ignore",        0, NULL, IGNORE     },
  90         {"verbose",       0, NULL, VERBOSE    },
  91         {"debug",         0, NULL, DEBUG      },
  92         {"help",          0, NULL, HELP       },
  93         { 0,              0, NULL, 0          }
  94 };
  95
  96 int foo1, foo2;
  97
  98 char   shortOpts[128];
  99 int    myrank = -1;
 100 int    nthreads = -1;
 101 char * prog;
 102 char   hostname[512] = "unknown";
 103 char   mode;
 104 char * cmd;
 105 int    openflags = O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL;
 106 int    ndirs = 1;
 107 char * dirfmt;
 108 char   dir[PATH_MAX];
 109 char   mkdir_cmd[PATH_MAX+14];
 110 int    dirthreads;
 111 int    dirnum;
 112 DIR *  directory;
 113 struct dirent *dir_entry;
 114 int    nfiles;
 115 char   filefmt[PATH_MAX];
 116 char   filename[PATH_MAX];
 117 int    stripes = -1;
 118 int    begin;
 119 int    beginsave;
 120 int    end;
 121 int    iters;
 122 int    seconds;
 123 int    alarm_caught;
 124 struct sigaction act;
 125 int    order = RANDOM;
 126 int    seed;
 127 int    recreate;
 128 int    ignore;
 129 int    verbose;
 130 int    debug;
 131 struct stat statbuf;
 132
 133 #define dmesg if (debug) printf
 134
 135 #define DISPLAY_PROGRESS() {                                                \
 136         if (verbose && (nops % CHECK_COUNT == 0)) {                         \
 137                 curTime = MPI_Wtime();                                      \
 138                 interval = curTime - lastTime;                              \
 139                 if (interval > DISPLAY_TIME || nops % DISPLAY_COUNT == 0) { \
 140                         rate = (double)(nops - lastOps)/interval;           \
 141                         printf("Rank %d: %.2f %ss/sec %.2f secs "           \
 142                                "(total: %d %ss %.2f secs)\n",               \
 143                                myrank, rate, cmd, interval,                 \
 144                                nops, cmd, curTime - startTime);             \
 145                         lastOps = nops;                                     \
 146                         lastTime = curTime;                                 \
 147                 }                                                           \
 148         }                                                                   \
 149 }
 150
 151 char *usage_msg = "usage: %s\n"
 152                   "    { --create [ --noexcl ] | --lookup | --mknod |\n"
 153                   "      --open | --stat | --unlink  [ --recreate ] [ --ignore ] }\n"
 154                   "    [ --help ] [ --verbose ] [ --debug ]\n"
 155                   "    { [ --begin <num> ] --nfiles <num> }\n"
 156                   "    [ --iters <num> ] [ --time <secs> ]\n"
 157                   "    [ --dirfmt <str> ] [ --ndirs  <num> ]\n"
 158                   "    [ --filefmt <str> ] [ --stripes <num> ]\n"
 159                   "    [ --random_order [--seed <num> | --seedfile <file>] ]\n"
 160                   "    [ --readdir_order ]\n";
 161
 162 static void
 163 usage(FILE *stream, char *fmt, ...)
 164 {
 165         if (myrank == 0) {
 166                 if (fmt != NULL) {
 167                         va_list       ap;
 168
 169                         fprintf(stream, "%s: ", prog);
 170                         va_start(ap, fmt);
 171                         vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
 172                         va_end(ap);
 173                 }
 174                 fprintf(stream, usage_msg, prog);
 175         }
 176
 177         MPI_Finalize();
 178         exit(stream == stderr);
 179 }
 180
 181 /* Print process myrank and message, and exit (i.e. a fatal error) */
 182 static int
 183 fatal(int rank, const char *fmt, ...)
 184 {
 185         if (rank == myrank) {
 186                 va_list       ap;
 187
 188                 fprintf(stderr, "rank %d: ", rank);
 189                 va_start(ap, fmt);
 190                 vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
 191                 va_end(ap);
 192         }
 193
 194         MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
 195         exit(1);
 196 }
 197
 198 static void
 199 sigalrm_handler(int signum)
 200 {
 201         alarm_caught++;
 202 }
 203
 204 /* HAVE_LLAPI_FILE_LOOKUP is defined by liblustreapi.h if this function is
 205  * defined therein.  Otherwise we can do the equivalent operation via ioctl
 206  * if we have access to a complete lustre build tree to get the various
 207  * definitions - then compile with USE_MDC_LOOKUP defined. */
 208 #if defined(HAVE_LLAPI_FILE_LOOKUP)
 209 #define HAVE_MDC_LOOKUP
 210 #elif defined(USE_MDC_LOOKUP)
 211 #include <config.h>
 212 #include <liblustre.h>
 213 #include <linux/lustre_lib.h>
 214
 215 int llapi_file_lookup(int dirfd, const char *name)
 216 {
 217         struct obd_ioctl_data data = { 0 };
 218         char rawbuf[8192];
 219         char *buf = rawbuf;
 220         int rc;
 221
 222         if (dirfd < 0 || name == NULL)
 223                 return -EINVAL;
 224
 225         data.ioc_version = OBD_IOCTL_VERSION;
 226         data.ioc_len = sizeof(data);
 227         data.ioc_inlbuf1 = name;
 228         data.ioc_inllen1 = strlen(name) + 1;
 229
 230         rc = obd_ioctl_pack(&data, &buf, sizeof(rawbuf));
 231         if (rc) {
 232                 fatal(myrank, "ioctl_pack failed: rc = %d\n", rc);
 233                 return rc;
 234         }
 235
 236         return ioctl(fd, IOC_MDC_LOOKUP, buf);
 237 }
 238 #define HAVE_MDC_LOOKUP
 239 #endif
 240
 241 static void
 242 process_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 243 {
 244         char   *cp, *endptr;
 245         int    i, index, offset, tmpend, rc;
 246         char   tmp[16];
 247         FILE * seed_file;
 248         struct option *opt;
 249
 250         setbuf(stdout, 0);
 251         setbuf(stderr, 0);
 252         prog = basename(argv[0]);
 253         strcpy(filefmt, "f%d");
 254         gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname));
 255
 256         /* auto create shortOpts rather than maintaining a static string. */
 257         for (opt = longOpts, cp = shortOpts; opt->name != NULL; opt++, cp++) {
 258                 *cp = opt->val;
 259                 if (opt->has_arg)
 260                         *++cp = ':';
 261         }
 262
 263         while ((rc = getopt_long(argc,argv, shortOpts, longOpts,&index)) != -1) {
 264                 switch (rc) {
 265                 case OPEN:
 266                         openflags &= ~(O_CREAT|O_EXCL);
 267                 case CREATE:
 268 #ifdef HAVE_MDC_LOOKUP
 269                 case LOOKUP:
 270 #endif
 271                 case MKNOD:
 272                 case STAT:
 273                 case UNLINK:
 274                         if (cmd != NULL) {
 275                                 fatal(0, "Invalid - more than one operation "
 276                                            "specified: --%s\n",
 277                                         longOpts[index].name);
 278                         }
 279                         mode = rc;
 280                         cmd = (char *)longOpts[index].name;
 281                         break;
 282                 case NOEXCL:
 283                         if (mode != CREATE && mode != MKNOD) {
 284                                 usage(stderr, "--noexcl only applies to "
 285                                               "--create or --mknod.\n");
 286                         }
 287                         openflags &= ~O_EXCL;
 288                         break;
 289                 case RECREATE:
 290                         if (mode != UNLINK) {
 291                                 usage(stderr, "--recreate only makes sense"
 292                                               "with --unlink.\n");
 293                         }
 294                         recreate++;
 295                         break;
 296                 case BEGIN:
 297                         begin = strtol(optarg, &endptr, 0);
 298                         if ((*endptr != 0) || (begin < 0)) {
 299                                 fatal(0, "Invalid --start value.\n");
 300                         }
 301                         break;
 302                 case ITERS:
 303                         iters = strtol(optarg, &endptr, 0);
 304                         if ((*endptr != 0) || (iters <= 0)) {
 305                                 fatal(0, "Invalid --iters value.\n");
 306                         }
 307                         if (mode != LOOKUP && mode != OPEN) {
 308                                 usage(stderr, "--iters only makes sense with "
 309                                               "--lookup or --open.\n");
 310                         }
 311                         break;
 312                 case TIME:
 313                         seconds = strtol(optarg, &endptr, 0);
 314                         if ((*endptr != 0) || (seconds <= 0)) {
 315                                 fatal(0, "Invalid --time value.\n");
 316                         }
 317                         break;
 318                 case DIRFMT:
 319                         if (strlen(optarg) > (PATH_MAX - 16)) {
 320                                 fatal(0, "--dirfmt too long\n");
 321                         }
 322                         dirfmt = optarg;
 323                         break;
 324                 case NDIRS:
 325                         ndirs = strtol(optarg, &endptr, 0);
 326                         if ((*endptr != 0) || (ndirs <= 0)) {
 327                                 fatal(0, "Invalid --ndirs value.\n");
 328                         }
 329                         if ((ndirs > nthreads) &&
 330                             ((mode == CREATE) || (mode == MKNOD))) {
 331                                 fatal(0, "--ndirs=%d must be less than or "
 332                                       "equal to the number of threads (%d).\n",
 333                                       ndirs, nthreads);
 334                         }
 335                         break;
 336                 case FILEFMT:
 337                         if (strlen(optarg) > 4080) {
 338                                 fatal(0, "--filefmt too long\n");
 339                         }
 340
 341                         /* Use %%d where you want the file # in the name. */
 342                         sprintf(filefmt, optarg, myrank);
 343                         break;
 344                 case NFILES:
 345                         nfiles = strtol(optarg, &endptr, 0);
 346                         if ((*endptr != 0) || (nfiles <= 0)) {
 347                                 fatal(0, "Invalid --nfiles value.\n");
 348                         }
 349                         break;
 350                 case STRIPES:
 351                         stripes = strtol(optarg, &endptr, 0);
 352                         if ((*endptr != 0) || (stripes < 0)) {
 353                                 fatal(0, "Invalid --stripes value.\n");
 354                         }
 355
 356                         if (stripes == 0) {
 357                                 openflags |= O_LOV_DELAY_CREATE;
 358                         } else {
 359                                 fatal(0, "non-zero --stripes value "
 360                                          "not yet supported.\n");
 361                         }
 362
 363                         break;
 364                 case SEED:
 365                         seed = strtoul(optarg, &endptr, 0);
 366                         if (*endptr) {
 367                                 fatal(0, "bad --seed option %s\n", optarg);
 368                         }
 369                         break;
 370                 case SEEDFILE:
 371                         seed_file = fopen(optarg, "r");
 372                         if (!seed_file) {
 373                               fatal(myrank, "fopen(%s) error: %s\n",
 374                                       optarg, strerror(errno));
 375                         }
 376
 377                         for (i = -1; fgets(tmp, 16, seed_file) != NULL;) {
 378                                 if (++i == myrank)
 379                                         break;
 380                         }
 381
 382                         if (i == myrank) {
 383                                 rc = sscanf(tmp, "%d", &seed);
 384                                 if ((rc != 1) || (seed < 0)) {
 385                                         fatal(myrank, "Invalid seed value '%s' "
 386                                               "at line %d in %s.\n",
 387                                               tmp, i, optarg);
 388                                 }
 389                         } else {
 390                                 fatal(myrank, "File '%s' too short. Does not "
 391                                       "contain a seed for thread %d.\n",
 392                                       optarg, myrank);
 393                         }
 394
 395                         fclose(seed_file);
 396                         break;
 397                 case RANDOM:
 398                 case READDIR:
 399                         if (mode != LOOKUP && mode != OPEN)  {
 400                                 fatal(0, "--%s can only be specified with "
 401                                          "--lookup, or --open.\n",
 402                                       (char *)longOpts[index].name);
 403                         }
 404                         order = rc;
 405                         break;
 406                 case IGNORE:
 407                         ++ignore;
 408                         break;
 409                 case DEBUG:
 410                         ++debug;
 411                 case VERBOSE:
 412                         ++verbose;
 413                         break;
 414                 case HELP:
 415                         usage(stdout, NULL);
 416                 default:
 417                         usage(stderr, "unrecognized option: '%c'.\n", optopt);
 418                 }
 419         }
 420
 421         if (optind < argc) {
 422                 usage(stderr, "too many arguments %d >= %d.\n", optind, argc);
 423         }
 424
 425         if (mode == CREATE || mode == MKNOD || mode == UNLINK || mode == STAT) {
 426                 if (seconds != 0) {
 427                         if (nfiles == 0)
 428                                 nfiles = INT_MAX;
 429                 } else if (nfiles == 0) {
 430                         usage(stderr, "--nfiles or --time must be specified "
 431                                       "with %s.\n", cmd);
 432                 }
 433         } else if (mode == LOOKUP || mode == OPEN) {
 434                 if (seconds != 0) {
 435                         if (iters == 0)
 436                                 iters = INT_MAX;
 437                 } else if (iters == 0) {
 438                         usage(stderr, "--iters or --time must be specifed "
 439                                       "with %s.\n", cmd);
 440                 }
 441
 442                 if (nfiles == 0) {
 443                         usage(stderr, "--nfiles must be specifed with --%s.\n",
 444                               cmd);
 445                 }
 446
 447                 if (seed == 0) {
 448                         int fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY);
 449
 450                         if (fd >= 0) {
 451                                 if (read(fd, &seed, sizeof(seed)) <
 452                                     sizeof(seed))
 453                                         seed = time(0);
 454                                 close(fd);
 455                         } else {
 456                                 seed = time(0);
 457                         }
 458                 }
 459
 460                 srand(seed);
 461
 462                 dmesg("%s: rank %d seed %d (%s).\n", prog, myrank, seed,
 463                       (order == RANDOM) ? "random_order" : "readdir_order");
 464         } else {
 465                 usage(stderr, "one --create, --mknod, --open, --stat,"
 466 #ifdef HAVE_MDC_LOOKUP
 467                       " --lookup,"
 468 #endif
 469                       " or --unlink must be specifed.");
 470         }
 471
 472         /* support for multiple threads in a dir, set begin/end appropriately.*/
 473         dirnum = myrank % ndirs;
 474         dirthreads = nthreads / ndirs;
 475         if (nthreads > (ndirs * dirthreads + dirnum))
 476                 ++dirthreads;
 477
 478         offset = myrank / ndirs;
 479
 480         tmpend = begin + nfiles - 1;
 481         if (tmpend <= 0)
 482                 tmpend = INT_MAX;
 483
 484         end = begin + (nfiles / dirthreads) * dirthreads + offset;
 485         if ((end > tmpend) || (end <= 0))
 486                 end -= dirthreads;
 487
 488         begin += offset;
 489         if (begin < 0)
 490                 begin = INT_MAX;
 491
 492         beginsave = begin;
 493
 494         dmesg("%d: iters %d nfiles %d time %d begin %d end %d dirthreads %d."
 495               "\n", myrank, iters, nfiles, seconds, begin, end, dirthreads);
 496
 497         if (dirfmt == NULL) {
 498                 strcpy(dir, ".");
 499         } else {
 500                 sprintf(dir, dirfmt, dirnum);
 501
 502                 sprintf(mkdir_cmd, "/bin/mkdir -p %s", dir);
 503                 #ifdef _LIGHTWEIGHT_KERNEL
 504                         printf("NOTICE: not running system(%s)\n", mkdir_cmd);
 505                 #else
 506                         rc = system(mkdir_cmd);
 507                         if (rc) {
 508                                 fatal(myrank, "'%s' failed.\n", mkdir_cmd);
 509                         }
 510                 #endif
 511
 512                 rc = chdir(dir);
 513                 if (rc) {
 514                         fatal(myrank, "unable to chdir to '%s'.\n", dir);
 515                 }
 516         }
 517 }
 518
 519 static inline char *next_file()
 520 {
 521         if (order == RANDOM) {
 522                 sprintf(filename, filefmt, random() % nfiles);
 523                 return(filename);
 524         }
 525
 526         /* readdir order */
 527
 528         dir_entry = readdir(directory);
 529         if (dir_entry == NULL) {
 530                 rewinddir(directory);
 531                 while ((dir_entry = readdir(directory)) != NULL) {
 532                         if (dir_entry->d_name[0] != '.')
 533                                 return(dir_entry->d_name);
 534                 }
 535
 536                 fatal(myrank, "unable to read directory %s (%s).\n",
 537                       dir, strerror(errno));
 538         }
 539
 540         return(dir_entry->d_name);
 541 }
 542
 543 int
 544 main(int argc, char *argv[])
 545 {
 546         int    i, j, fd, rc, nops, lastOps;
 547         int ag_ops = 0;
 548         double ag_interval = 0;
 549         double ag_rate = 0;
 550         double rate, avg_rate, effective_rate;
 551         double startTime, curTime, lastTime, interval;
 552         time_t timestamp;
 553         char * file;
 554
 555         rc = MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);
 556         if (rc != MPI_SUCCESS)
 557                 fatal(myrank, "MPI_Init failed: %d\n", rc);
 558
 559         rc = MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &nthreads);
 560         if (rc != MPI_SUCCESS)
 561                 fatal(myrank, "MPI_Comm_size failed: %d\n", rc);
 562
 563         rc = MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &myrank);
 564         if (rc != MPI_SUCCESS)
 565                 fatal(myrank, "MPI_Comm_rank failed: %d\n", rc);
 566
 567         process_args(argc, argv);
 568
 569         timestamp = time(0);
 570         if ((myrank == 0) || debug) {
 571                 printf("%d: %s starting at %s",
 572                        myrank, hostname, ctime(&timestamp));
 573         }
 574
 575         /* if we're not measuring creation rates then precreate
 576          * the files we're operating on. */
 577         if ((mode != CREATE) && (mode != MKNOD) && !ignore &&
 578             (mode != UNLINK || recreate)) {
 579                 /* create the files in reverse order. When we encounter
 580                  * a file that already exists, assume the remainder of
 581                  * the files exist to save time. The timed performance
 582                  * test scripts make use of this behavior. */
 583                 for (i = end, j = 0; i >= begin; i -= dirthreads) {
 584                         sprintf(filename, filefmt, i);
 585                         fd = open(filename, openflags, 0644);
 586                         if (fd < 0) {
 587                                 if (errno == EEXIST)
 588                                         break;
 589                                 rc = errno;
 590                                 fatal(myrank, "precreate open(%s) error: %s\n",
 591                                       filename, strerror(rc));
 592                         }
 593                         j++;
 594                         close(fd);
 595                 }
 596                 dmesg("%d: %s pre-created %d files.\n",myrank,hostname,j);
 597
 598                 rc = MPI_Barrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD);
 599                 if (rc != MPI_SUCCESS)
 600                         fatal(myrank, "prep MPI_Barrier failed: %d\n", rc);
 601         }
 602
 603         if (order == READDIR) {
 604                 directory = opendir(dir);
 605                 if (directory == NULL) {
 606                         rc = errno;
 607                         fatal(myrank, "opendir(%s) error: %s\n",
 608                               dir, strerror(rc));
 609                 }
 610
 611                 timestamp = time(0);
 612                 j = random() % nfiles;
 613                 dmesg("%d: %s initializing dir offset %u: %s",
 614                       myrank, hostname, j, ctime(&timestamp));
 615
 616                 for (i = 0; i <= j; i++) {
 617                         if ((dir_entry = readdir(directory)) == NULL) {
 618                                 fatal(myrank, "could not read entry number %d "
 619                                       "in directory %s.\n", i, dir);
 620                         }
 621                 }
 622
 623                 timestamp = time(0);
 624                 dmesg("%d: index %d, filename %s, offset %ld: "
 625                       "%s initialization complete: %s",
 626                       myrank, i, dir_entry->d_name, telldir(directory),
 627                       hostname, ctime(&timestamp));
 628         }
 629
 630         if (seconds) {
 631                 act.sa_handler = sigalrm_handler;
 632                 (void)sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
 633                 act.sa_flags = 0;
 634                 sigaction(SIGALRM, &act, NULL);
 635                 alarm(seconds);
 636         }
 637
 638         rc = MPI_Barrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD);
 639         if (rc != MPI_SUCCESS)
 640                 fatal(myrank, "prep MPI_Barrier failed: %d\n", rc);
 641
 642         startTime = lastTime = MPI_Wtime();
 643         nops = lastOps = 0;
 644
 645         switch (mode) {
 646         case CREATE:
 647                 for (; begin <= end && !alarm_caught; begin += dirthreads) {
 648                         sprintf(filename, filefmt, begin);
 649                         if ((fd = open(filename, openflags, 0644)) < 0) {
 650                                 if (((rc = errno) == EINTR) && alarm_caught)
 651                                         break;
 652                                 fatal(myrank, "open(%s) error: %s\n",
 653                                       filename, strerror(rc));
 654                         }
 655
 656                         close(fd);
 657                         nops++;
 658                         DISPLAY_PROGRESS();
 659                 }
 660
 661                 dmesg("%d: created %d files, last file '%s'.\n",
 662                       myrank, nops, filename);
 663                 break;
 664 #ifdef HAVE_MDC_LOOKUP
 665         case LOOKUP:
 666                 fd = open(dir, O_RDONLY);
 667                 if (fd < 0) {
 668                         fatal(myrank, "open(dir == '%s') error: %s\n",
 669                               dir, strerror(errno));
 670                 }
 671
 672                 for (; nops < iters && !alarm_caught;) {
 673                         char *filename = next_file();
 674                         rc = llapi_file_lookup(fd, filename);
 675                         if (rc < 0) {
 676                                 if (((rc = errno) == EINTR) && alarm_caught)
 677                                         break;
 678                                 fatal(myrank, "llapi_file_lookup(%s) "
 679                                       "error: %s\n", filename, strerror(rc));
 680                         }
 681
 682                         nops++;
 683                         DISPLAY_PROGRESS();
 684                 }
 685                 break;
 686 #endif
 687         case MKNOD:
 688                 for (; begin <= end && !alarm_caught; begin += dirthreads) {
 689                         sprintf(filename, filefmt, begin);
 690                         rc = mknod(filename, S_IFREG| 0644, 0);
 691                         if (rc) {
 692                                 if (((rc = errno) == EINTR) && alarm_caught)
 693                                         break;
 694                                 fatal(myrank, "mknod(%s) error: %s\n",
 695                                       filename, strerror(rc));
 696                         }
 697
 698                         nops++;
 699                         DISPLAY_PROGRESS();
 700                 }
 701                 break;
 702         case OPEN:
 703                 for (; nops < iters && !alarm_caught;) {
 704                         file = next_file();
 705                         if ((fd = open(file, openflags, 0644)) < 0) {
 706                                 if (((rc = errno) == EINTR) && alarm_caught)
 707                                         break;
 708                                 fatal(myrank, "open(%s) error: %s\n",
 709                                       file, strerror(rc));
 710                         }
 711
 712                         close(fd);
 713
 714                         nops++;
 715                         DISPLAY_PROGRESS();
 716                 }
 717                 break;
 718         case STAT:
 719                 for (; begin <= end && !alarm_caught; begin += dirthreads) {
 720                         sprintf(filename, filefmt, begin);
 721                         rc = stat(filename, &statbuf);
 722                         if (rc) {
 723                                 if (((rc = errno) == EINTR) && alarm_caught)
 724                                         break;
 725                                 if (((rc = errno) == ENOENT) && ignore)
 726                                         continue;
 727                                 fatal(myrank, "stat(%s) error: %s\n",
 728                                       filename, strerror(rc));
 729                         }
 730
 731                         nops++;
 732                         DISPLAY_PROGRESS();
 733                 }
 734                 break;
 735         case UNLINK:
 736                 for (; begin <= end && !alarm_caught; begin += dirthreads) {
 737                         sprintf(filename, filefmt, begin);
 738                         rc = unlink(filename);
 739                         if (rc) {
 740                                 if (((rc = errno) == EINTR) && alarm_caught)
 741                                         break;
 742                                 if ((rc = errno) == ENOENT) {
 743                                         if (ignore)
 744                                                 continue;
 745                                         /* no more files to unlink */
 746                                         break;
 747                                 }
 748                                 fatal(myrank, "unlink(%s) error: %s\n",
 749                                       filename, strerror(rc));
 750                         }
 751
 752                         nops++;
 753                         DISPLAY_PROGRESS();
 754                 }
 755                 break;
 756         }
 757
 758         rc = MPI_Barrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD);
 759         if (rc != MPI_SUCCESS)
 760                fatal(myrank, "prep MPI_Barrier failed: %d\n", rc);
 761         curTime = MPI_Wtime();
 762         interval = curTime - startTime;
 763         rate = (double) (nops) / interval;
 764
 765         rc = MPI_Reduce(&nops, &ag_ops, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, 0,
 766                         MPI_COMM_WORLD);
 767         if (rc != MPI_SUCCESS) {
 768                 fatal(myrank, "Failure in MPI_Reduce of total ops.\n");
 769         }
 770
 771         rc = MPI_Reduce(&interval, &ag_interval, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, 0,
 772                         MPI_COMM_WORLD);
 773         if (rc != MPI_SUCCESS) {
 774                 fatal(myrank, "Failure in MPI_Reduce of total interval.\n");
 775         }
 776
 777         rc = MPI_Reduce(&rate, &ag_rate, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, 0,
 778                         MPI_COMM_WORLD);
 779         if (rc != MPI_SUCCESS) {
 780                 fatal(myrank, "Failure in MPI_Reduce of aggregated rate.\n");
 781         }
 782
 783         if (myrank == 0) {
 784
 785                 curTime = MPI_Wtime();
 786                 interval = curTime - startTime;
 787                 effective_rate = (double) ag_ops / interval;
 788                 avg_rate = (double) ag_ops / ag_interval;
 789
 790                 printf("Rate: %.2f eff %.2f aggr %.2f avg client %ss/sec "
 791                        "(total: %d threads %d %ss %d dirs %d threads/dir %.2f secs)\n",
 792                        effective_rate, ag_rate, avg_rate, cmd, nthreads, ag_ops,
 793                        cmd, ndirs, dirthreads, interval);
 794                 if (mode == UNLINK && !recreate && !ignore && ag_ops != nfiles)
 795                         printf("Warning: only unlinked %d files instead of %d"
 796                                "\n", ag_ops, nfiles);
 797         }
 798
 799         if (recreate) {
 800                 for (begin = beginsave; begin <= end; begin += dirthreads) {
 801                         sprintf(filename, filefmt, begin);
 802                         if ((fd = open(filename, openflags, 0644)) < 0) {
 803                                 rc = errno;
 804                                 if (rc == EEXIST)
 805                                         break;
 806                                 fatal(myrank, "recreate open(%s) error: %s\n",
 807                                       filename, strerror(rc));
 808                         }
 809
 810                         close(fd);
 811                 }
 812         }
 813
 814         timestamp = time(0);
 815         if ((myrank == 0) || debug) {
 816                 printf("%d: %s finished at %s",
 817                        myrank, hostname, ctime(&timestamp));
 818         }
 819
 820         MPI_Finalize();
 821         return(0);
 822 }