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e2image: only skip writing zero blocks when writing to a new file
[tools/e2fsprogs.git] / misc / mke2fs.c
index 737e3da..2e8ba60 100644 (file)
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
  * mke2fs.c - Make a ext2fs filesystem.
- * 
+ *
  * Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002,
  *     2003, 2004, 2005 by Theodore Ts'o.
  *
  */
 
 /* Usage: mke2fs [options] device
- * 
+ *
  * The device may be a block device or a image of one, but this isn't
- * enforced (but it's not much fun on a character device :-). 
+ * enforced (but it's not much fun on a character device :-).
  */
 
+#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600 /* for inclusion of PATH_MAX in Solaris */
+
+#include "config.h"
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <strings.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <time.h>
@@ -39,13 +43,15 @@ extern int optind;
 #ifdef HAVE_ERRNO_H
 #include <errno.h>
 #endif
-#ifdef HAVE_MNTENT_H
-#include <mntent.h>
-#endif
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <libgen.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <blkid/blkid.h>
 
 #include "ext2fs/ext2_fs.h"
+#include "ext2fs/ext2fsP.h"
 #include "et/com_err.h"
 #include "uuid/uuid.h"
 #include "e2p/e2p.h"
@@ -55,57 +61,73 @@ extern int optind;
 #include "prof_err.h"
 #include "../version.h"
 #include "nls-enable.h"
+#include "quota/mkquota.h"
 
 #define STRIDE_LENGTH 8
 
+#define MAX_32_NUM ((((unsigned long long) 1) << 32) - 1)
+
 #ifndef __sparc__
 #define ZAP_BOOTBLOCK
 #endif
 
+#define DISCARD_STEP_MB                (2048)
+
 extern int isatty(int);
 extern FILE *fpopen(const char *cmd, const char *mode);
 
-const char * program_name = "mke2fs";
-const char * device_name /* = NULL */;
+static const char * program_name = "mke2fs";
+static const char * device_name /* = NULL */;
 
 /* Command line options */
-int    cflag;
-int    verbose;
-int    quiet;
-int    super_only;
-int    force;
-int    noaction;
+static int     cflag;
+static int     verbose;
+static int     quiet;
+static int     super_only;
+static int     discard = 1;    /* attempt to discard device before fs creation */
+static int     direct_io;
+static int     force;
+static int     noaction;
+static uid_t   root_uid;
+static gid_t   root_gid;
 int    journal_size;
 int    journal_flags;
-char   *bad_blocks_filename;
-__u32  fs_stride;
-
-struct ext2_super_block fs_param;
-char *creator_os;
-char *volume_label;
-char *mount_dir;
+static int     lazy_itable_init;
+static char    *bad_blocks_filename = NULL;
+static __u32   fs_stride;
+static int     quotatype = -1;  /* Initialize both user and group quotas by default */
+
+static struct ext2_super_block fs_param;
+static char *fs_uuid = NULL;
+static char *creator_os;
+static char *volume_label;
+static char *mount_dir;
 char *journal_device;
-int sync_kludge;       /* Set using the MKE2FS_SYNC env. option */
+static int sync_kludge;        /* Set using the MKE2FS_SYNC env. option */
+static char **fs_types;
 
-profile_t      profile;
+static profile_t       profile;
 
-int sys_page_size = 4096;
-int linux_version_code = 0;
+static int sys_page_size = 4096;
+static int linux_version_code = 0;
 
 static void usage(void)
 {
-       fprintf(stderr, _("Usage: %s [-c|-t|-l filename] [-b block-size] "
-       "[-f fragment-size]\n\t[-i bytes-per-inode] [-I inode-size] "
-       "[-j] [-J journal-options]\n"
-       "\t[-N number-of-inodes] [-m reserved-blocks-percentage] "
-       "[-o creator-os]\n\t[-g blocks-per-group] [-L volume-label] "
+       fprintf(stderr, _("Usage: %s [-c|-l filename] [-b block-size] "
+       "[-C cluster-size]\n\t[-i bytes-per-inode] [-I inode-size] "
+       "[-J journal-options]\n"
+       "\t[-G flex-group-size] [-N number-of-inodes]\n"
+       "\t[-m reserved-blocks-percentage] [-o creator-os]\n"
+       "\t[-g blocks-per-group] [-L volume-label] "
        "[-M last-mounted-directory]\n\t[-O feature[,...]] "
-       "[-r fs-revision] [-R options] [-qvSV]\n\tdevice [blocks-count]\n"),
+       "[-r fs-revision] [-E extended-option[,...]]\n"
+       "\t[-t fs-type] [-T usage-type ] [-U UUID] "
+       "[-jnqvDFKSV] device [blocks-count]\n"),
                program_name);
        exit(1);
 }
 
-static int int_log2(int arg)
+static int int_log2(unsigned long long arg)
 {
        int     l = 0;
 
@@ -117,7 +139,7 @@ static int int_log2(int arg)
        return l;
 }
 
-static int int_log10(unsigned int arg)
+static int int_log10(unsigned long long arg)
 {
        int     l;
 
@@ -126,6 +148,7 @@ static int int_log10(unsigned int arg)
        return l;
 }
 
+#ifdef __linux__
 static int parse_version_number(const char *s)
 {
        int     major, minor, rev;
@@ -147,6 +170,7 @@ static int parse_version_number(const char *s)
                return 0;
        return ((((major * 256) + minor) * 256) + rev);
 }
+#endif
 
 /*
  * Helper function for read_bb_file and test_disk
@@ -175,7 +199,7 @@ static void read_bb_file(ext2_filsys fs, badblocks_list *bb_list,
        retval = ext2fs_read_bb_FILE(fs, f, bb_list, invalid_block);
        fclose (f);
        if (retval) {
-               com_err("ext2fs_read_bb_FILE", retval,
+               com_err("ext2fs_read_bb_FILE", retval, "%s",
                        _("while reading in list of bad blocks from file"));
                exit(1);
        }
@@ -190,9 +214,9 @@ static void test_disk(ext2_filsys fs, badblocks_list *bb_list)
        errcode_t       retval;
        char            buf[1024];
 
-       sprintf(buf, "badblocks -b %d -X %s%s%s %u", fs->blocksize,
+       sprintf(buf, "badblocks -b %d -X %s%s%s %llu", fs->blocksize,
                quiet ? "" : "-s ", (cflag > 1) ? "-w " : "",
-               fs->device_name, fs->super->s_blocks_count-1);
+               fs->device_name, ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super)-1);
        if (verbose)
                printf(_("Running command: %s\n"), buf);
        f = popen(buf, "r");
@@ -204,7 +228,7 @@ static void test_disk(ext2_filsys fs, badblocks_list *bb_list)
        retval = ext2fs_read_bb_FILE(fs, f, bb_list, invalid_block);
        pclose(f);
        if (retval) {
-               com_err("ext2fs_read_bb_FILE", retval,
+               com_err("ext2fs_read_bb_FILE", retval, "%s",
                        _("while processing list of bad blocks from program"));
                exit(1);
        }
@@ -224,7 +248,7 @@ static void handle_bad_blocks(ext2_filsys fs, badblocks_list bb_list)
 
        if (!bb_list)
                return;
-       
+
        /*
         * The primary superblock and group descriptors *must* be
         * good; if not, abort.
@@ -249,189 +273,75 @@ static void handle_bad_blocks(ext2_filsys fs, badblocks_list bb_list)
         */
        group_block = fs->super->s_first_data_block +
                fs->super->s_blocks_per_group;
-       
+
        for (i = 1; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++) {
                group_bad = 0;
                for (j=0; j < fs->desc_blocks+1; j++) {
                        if (ext2fs_badblocks_list_test(bb_list,
                                                       group_block + j)) {
-                               if (!group_bad) 
+                               if (!group_bad)
                                        fprintf(stderr,
 _("Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block %u contain\n"
 "      bad blocks.\n\n"),
                                                group_block);
                                group_bad++;
-                               group = ext2fs_group_of_blk(fs, group_block+j);
-                               fs->group_desc[group].bg_free_blocks_count++;
-                               fs->super->s_free_blocks_count++;
+                               group = ext2fs_group_of_blk2(fs, group_block+j);
+                               ext2fs_bg_free_blocks_count_set(fs, group, ext2fs_bg_free_blocks_count(fs, group) + 1);
+                               ext2fs_group_desc_csum_set(fs, group);
+                               ext2fs_free_blocks_count_add(fs->super, 1);
                        }
                }
                group_block += fs->super->s_blocks_per_group;
        }
-       
+
        /*
         * Mark all the bad blocks as used...
         */
        retval = ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate_begin(bb_list, &bb_iter);
        if (retval) {
-               com_err("ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate_begin", retval,
+               com_err("ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate_begin", retval, "%s",
                        _("while marking bad blocks as used"));
                exit(1);
        }
-       while (ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate(bb_iter, &blk)) 
-               ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap(fs->block_map, blk);
+       while (ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate(bb_iter, &blk))
+               ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap2(fs->block_map, EXT2FS_B2C(fs, blk));
        ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate_end(bb_iter);
 }
 
-/*
- * These functions implement a generalized progress meter.
- */
-struct progress_struct {
-       char            format[20];
-       char            backup[80];
-       __u32           max;
-       int             skip_progress;
-};
-
-static void progress_init(struct progress_struct *progress,
-                         const char *label,__u32 max)
-{
-       int     i;
-
-       memset(progress, 0, sizeof(struct progress_struct));
-       if (quiet)
-               return;
-
-       /*
-        * Figure out how many digits we need
-        */
-       i = int_log10(max);
-       sprintf(progress->format, "%%%dd/%%%dld", i, i);
-       memset(progress->backup, '\b', sizeof(progress->backup)-1);
-       progress->backup[sizeof(progress->backup)-1] = 0;
-       if ((2*i)+1 < (int) sizeof(progress->backup))
-               progress->backup[(2*i)+1] = 0;
-       progress->max = max;
-
-       progress->skip_progress = 0;
-       if (getenv("MKE2FS_SKIP_PROGRESS"))
-               progress->skip_progress++;
-
-       fputs(label, stdout);
-       fflush(stdout);
-}
-
-static void progress_update(struct progress_struct *progress, __u32 val)
-{
-       if ((progress->format[0] == 0) || progress->skip_progress)
-               return;
-       printf(progress->format, val, progress->max);
-       fputs(progress->backup, stdout);
-}
-
-static void progress_close(struct progress_struct *progress)
-{
-       if (progress->format[0] == 0)
-               return;
-       fputs(_("done                            \n"), stdout);
-}
-
-
-/*
- * Helper function which zeros out _num_ blocks starting at _blk_.  In
- * case of an error, the details of the error is returned via _ret_blk_
- * and _ret_count_ if they are non-NULL pointers.  Returns 0 on
- * success, and an error code on an error.
- *
- * As a special case, if the first argument is NULL, then it will
- * attempt to free the static zeroizing buffer.  (This is to keep
- * programs that check for memory leaks happy.)
- */
-static errcode_t zero_blocks(ext2_filsys fs, blk_t blk, int num,
-                            struct progress_struct *progress,
-                            blk_t *ret_blk, int *ret_count)
-{
-       int             j, count, next_update, next_update_incr;
-       static char     *buf;
-       errcode_t       retval;
-
-       /* If fs is null, clean up the static buffer and return */
-       if (!fs) {
-               if (buf) {
-                       free(buf);
-                       buf = 0;
-               }
-               return 0;
-       }
-       /* Allocate the zeroizing buffer if necessary */
-       if (!buf) {
-               buf = malloc(fs->blocksize * STRIDE_LENGTH);
-               if (!buf) {
-                       com_err("malloc", ENOMEM,
-                               _("while allocating zeroizing buffer"));
-                       exit(1);
-               }
-               memset(buf, 0, fs->blocksize * STRIDE_LENGTH);
-       }
-       /* OK, do the write loop */
-       next_update = 0;
-       next_update_incr = num / 100;
-       if (next_update_incr < 1)
-               next_update_incr = 1;
-       for (j=0; j < num; j += STRIDE_LENGTH, blk += STRIDE_LENGTH) {
-               count = num - j;
-               if (count > STRIDE_LENGTH)
-                       count = STRIDE_LENGTH;
-               retval = io_channel_write_blk(fs->io, blk, count, buf);
-               if (retval) {
-                       if (ret_count)
-                               *ret_count = count;
-                       if (ret_blk)
-                               *ret_blk = blk;
-                       return retval;
-               }
-               if (progress && j > next_update) {
-                       next_update += num / 100;
-                       progress_update(progress, blk);
-               }
-       }
-       return 0;
-}      
-
-static void write_inode_tables(ext2_filsys fs)
+static void write_inode_tables(ext2_filsys fs, int lazy_flag, int itable_zeroed)
 {
        errcode_t       retval;
-       blk_t           blk;
+       blk64_t         blk;
        dgrp_t          i;
        int             num;
-       struct progress_struct progress;
-       int             lazy_flag = 0;
-
-       if (quiet)
-               memset(&progress, 0, sizeof(progress));
-       else
-               progress_init(&progress, _("Writing inode tables: "),
-                             fs->group_desc_count);
+       struct ext2fs_numeric_progress_struct progress;
 
-       if (EXT2_HAS_COMPAT_FEATURE(fs->super, 
-                                   EXT2_FEATURE_COMPAT_LAZY_BG))
-               lazy_flag = 1;
+       ext2fs_numeric_progress_init(fs, &progress,
+                                    _("Writing inode tables: "),
+                                    fs->group_desc_count);
 
        for (i = 0; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++) {
-               progress_update(&progress, i);
-               
-               blk = fs->group_desc[i].bg_inode_table;
+               ext2fs_numeric_progress_update(fs, &progress, i);
+
+               blk = ext2fs_inode_table_loc(fs, i);
                num = fs->inode_blocks_per_group;
 
-               if (!(lazy_flag &&
-                     (fs->group_desc[i].bg_flags & EXT2_BG_INODE_UNINIT))) {
-                       retval = zero_blocks(fs, blk, num, 0, &blk, &num);
-                       if (retval) {
-                               fprintf(stderr, _("\nCould not write %d "
-                               "blocks in inode table starting at %u: %s\n"),
-                                       num, blk, error_message(retval));
-                               exit(1);
-                       }
+               if (lazy_flag)
+                       num = ext2fs_div_ceil((fs->super->s_inodes_per_group -
+                                              ext2fs_bg_itable_unused(fs, i)) *
+                                             EXT2_INODE_SIZE(fs->super),
+                                             EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(fs->super));
+               if (!lazy_flag || itable_zeroed) {
+                       /* The kernel doesn't need to zero the itable blocks */
+                       ext2fs_bg_flags_set(fs, i, EXT2_BG_INODE_ZEROED);
+                       ext2fs_group_desc_csum_set(fs, i);
+               }
+               retval = ext2fs_zero_blocks2(fs, blk, num, &blk, &num);
+               if (retval) {
+                       fprintf(stderr, _("\nCould not write %d "
+                                 "blocks in inode table starting at %llu: %s\n"),
+                               num, blk, error_message(retval));
+                       exit(1);
                }
                if (sync_kludge) {
                        if (sync_kludge == 1)
@@ -440,70 +350,38 @@ static void write_inode_tables(ext2_filsys fs)
                                sync();
                }
        }
-       zero_blocks(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
-       progress_close(&progress);
-}
-
-static void setup_lazy_bg(ext2_filsys fs)
-{
-       dgrp_t i;
-       int blks;
-       struct ext2_super_block *sb = fs->super;
-       struct ext2_group_desc *bg = fs->group_desc;
-
-       if (EXT2_HAS_COMPAT_FEATURE(fs->super, 
-                                   EXT2_FEATURE_COMPAT_LAZY_BG)) {
-               for (i = 0; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++, bg++) {
-                       if ((i == 0) ||
-                           (i == fs->group_desc_count-1))
-                               continue;
-                       if (bg->bg_free_inodes_count ==
-                           sb->s_inodes_per_group) {
-                               bg->bg_free_inodes_count = 0;
-                               bg->bg_flags |= EXT2_BG_INODE_UNINIT;
-                               sb->s_free_inodes_count -= 
-                                       sb->s_inodes_per_group;
-                       }
-                       blks = ext2fs_super_and_bgd_loc(fs, i, 0, 0, 0, 0);
-                       if (bg->bg_free_blocks_count == blks) {
-                               bg->bg_free_blocks_count = 0;
-                               bg->bg_flags |= EXT2_BG_BLOCK_UNINIT;
-                               sb->s_free_blocks_count -= blks;
-                       }
-               }
-       }
+       ext2fs_zero_blocks2(0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+       ext2fs_numeric_progress_close(fs, &progress,
+                                     _("done                            \n"));
 }
 
-
 static void create_root_dir(ext2_filsys fs)
 {
        errcode_t               retval;
        struct ext2_inode       inode;
-       __u32                   uid, gid;
 
        retval = ext2fs_mkdir(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, EXT2_ROOT_INO, 0);
        if (retval) {
-               com_err("ext2fs_mkdir", retval, _("while creating root dir"));
+               com_err("ext2fs_mkdir", retval, "%s",
+                       _("while creating root dir"));
                exit(1);
        }
-       if (geteuid()) {
+       if (root_uid != 0 || root_gid != 0) {
                retval = ext2fs_read_inode(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, &inode);
                if (retval) {
-                       com_err("ext2fs_read_inode", retval,
+                       com_err("ext2fs_read_inode", retval, "%s",
                                _("while reading root inode"));
                        exit(1);
                }
-               uid = getuid();
-               inode.i_uid = uid;
-               inode.i_uid_high = uid >> 16;
-               if (uid) {
-                       gid = getgid();
-                       inode.i_gid = gid;
-                       inode.i_gid_high = gid >> 16;
-               }
+
+               inode.i_uid = root_uid;
+               ext2fs_set_i_uid_high(inode, root_uid >> 16);
+               inode.i_gid = root_gid;
+               ext2fs_set_i_gid_high(inode, root_gid >> 16);
+
                retval = ext2fs_write_new_inode(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, &inode);
                if (retval) {
-                       com_err("ext2fs_write_inode", retval,
+                       com_err("ext2fs_write_inode", retval, "%s",
                                _("while setting root inode ownership"));
                        exit(1);
                }
@@ -512,33 +390,36 @@ static void create_root_dir(ext2_filsys fs)
 
 static void create_lost_and_found(ext2_filsys fs)
 {
+       unsigned int            lpf_size = 0;
        errcode_t               retval;
        ext2_ino_t              ino;
        const char              *name = "lost+found";
        int                     i;
-       int                     lpf_size = 0;
 
        fs->umask = 077;
        retval = ext2fs_mkdir(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, 0, name);
        if (retval) {
-               com_err("ext2fs_mkdir", retval,
+               com_err("ext2fs_mkdir", retval, "%s",
                        _("while creating /lost+found"));
                exit(1);
        }
 
        retval = ext2fs_lookup(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, name, strlen(name), 0, &ino);
        if (retval) {
-               com_err("ext2_lookup", retval,
+               com_err("ext2_lookup", retval, "%s",
                        _("while looking up /lost+found"));
                exit(1);
        }
-       
+
        for (i=1; i < EXT2_NDIR_BLOCKS; i++) {
-               if ((lpf_size += fs->blocksize) >= 16*1024)
+               /* Ensure that lost+found is at least 2 blocks, so we always
+                * test large empty blocks for big-block filesystems.  */
+               if ((lpf_size += fs->blocksize) >= 16*1024 &&
+                   lpf_size >= 2 * fs->blocksize)
                        break;
                retval = ext2fs_expand_dir(fs, ino);
                if (retval) {
-                       com_err("ext2fs_expand_dir", retval,
+                       com_err("ext2fs_expand_dir", retval, "%s",
                                _("while expanding /lost+found"));
                        exit(1);
                }
@@ -548,13 +429,12 @@ static void create_lost_and_found(ext2_filsys fs)
 static void create_bad_block_inode(ext2_filsys fs, badblocks_list bb_list)
 {
        errcode_t       retval;
-       
-       ext2fs_mark_inode_bitmap(fs->inode_map, EXT2_BAD_INO);
-       fs->group_desc[0].bg_free_inodes_count--;
-       fs->super->s_free_inodes_count--;
+
+       ext2fs_mark_inode_bitmap2(fs->inode_map, EXT2_BAD_INO);
+       ext2fs_inode_alloc_stats2(fs, EXT2_BAD_INO, +1, 0);
        retval = ext2fs_update_bb_inode(fs, bb_list);
        if (retval) {
-               com_err("ext2fs_update_bb_inode", retval,
+               com_err("ext2fs_update_bb_inode", retval, "%s",
                        _("while setting bad block inode"));
                exit(1);
        }
@@ -564,14 +444,9 @@ static void create_bad_block_inode(ext2_filsys fs, badblocks_list bb_list)
 static void reserve_inodes(ext2_filsys fs)
 {
        ext2_ino_t      i;
-       int             group;
 
-       for (i = EXT2_ROOT_INO + 1; i < EXT2_FIRST_INODE(fs->super); i++) {
-               ext2fs_mark_inode_bitmap(fs->inode_map, i);
-               group = ext2fs_group_of_ino(fs, i);
-               fs->group_desc[group].bg_free_inodes_count--;
-               fs->super->s_free_inodes_count--;
-       }
+       for (i = EXT2_ROOT_INO + 1; i < EXT2_FIRST_INODE(fs->super); i++)
+               ext2fs_inode_alloc_stats2(fs, i, +1, 0);
        ext2fs_mark_ib_dirty(fs);
 }
 
@@ -594,7 +469,7 @@ static void zap_sector(ext2_filsys fs, int sect, int nsect)
 
        if (sect == 0) {
                /* Check for a BSD disklabel, and don't erase it if so */
-               retval = io_channel_read_blk(fs->io, 0, -512, buf);
+               retval = io_channel_read_blk64(fs->io, 0, -512, buf);
                if (retval)
                        fprintf(stderr,
                                _("Warning: could not read block 0: %s\n"),
@@ -609,7 +484,7 @@ static void zap_sector(ext2_filsys fs, int sect, int nsect)
 
        memset(buf, 0, 512*nsect);
        io_channel_set_blksize(fs->io, 512);
-       retval = io_channel_write_blk(fs->io, sect, -512*nsect, buf);
+       retval = io_channel_write_blk64(fs->io, sect, -512*nsect, buf);
        io_channel_set_blksize(fs->io, fs->blocksize);
        free(buf);
        if (retval)
@@ -619,44 +494,57 @@ static void zap_sector(ext2_filsys fs, int sect, int nsect)
 
 static void create_journal_dev(ext2_filsys fs)
 {
-       struct progress_struct progress;
+       struct ext2fs_numeric_progress_struct progress;
        errcode_t               retval;
        char                    *buf;
-       blk_t                   blk;
-       int                     count;
+       blk64_t                 blk, err_blk;
+       int                     c, count, err_count;
 
        retval = ext2fs_create_journal_superblock(fs,
-                                 fs->super->s_blocks_count, 0, &buf);
+                                 ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super), 0, &buf);
        if (retval) {
-               com_err("create_journal_dev", retval,
+               com_err("create_journal_dev", retval, "%s",
                        _("while initializing journal superblock"));
                exit(1);
        }
-       if (quiet)
-               memset(&progress, 0, sizeof(progress));
-       else
-               progress_init(&progress, _("Zeroing journal device: "),
-                             fs->super->s_blocks_count);
 
-       retval = zero_blocks(fs, 0, fs->super->s_blocks_count,
-                            &progress, &blk, &count);
-       if (retval) {
-               com_err("create_journal_dev", retval,
-                       _("while zeroing journal device (block %u, count %d)"),
-                       blk, count);
-               exit(1);
+       if (journal_flags & EXT2_MKJOURNAL_LAZYINIT)
+               goto write_superblock;
+
+       ext2fs_numeric_progress_init(fs, &progress,
+                                    _("Zeroing journal device: "),
+                                    ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super));
+       blk = 0;
+       count = ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super);
+       while (count > 0) {
+               if (count > 1024)
+                       c = 1024;
+               else
+                       c = count;
+               retval = ext2fs_zero_blocks2(fs, blk, c, &err_blk, &err_count);
+               if (retval) {
+                       com_err("create_journal_dev", retval,
+                               _("while zeroing journal device "
+                                 "(block %llu, count %d)"),
+                               err_blk, err_count);
+                       exit(1);
+               }
+               blk += c;
+               count -= c;
+               ext2fs_numeric_progress_update(fs, &progress, blk);
        }
-       zero_blocks(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+       ext2fs_zero_blocks2(0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
 
-       retval = io_channel_write_blk(fs->io,
-                                     fs->super->s_first_data_block+1,
-                                     1, buf);
+       ext2fs_numeric_progress_close(fs, &progress, NULL);
+write_superblock:
+       retval = io_channel_write_blk64(fs->io,
+                                       fs->super->s_first_data_block+1,
+                                       1, buf);
        if (retval) {
-               com_err("create_journal_dev", retval,
+               com_err("create_journal_dev", retval, "%s",
                        _("while writing journal superblock"));
                exit(1);
        }
-       progress_close(&progress);
 }
 
 static void show_stats(ext2_filsys fs)
@@ -664,43 +552,56 @@ static void show_stats(ext2_filsys fs)
        struct ext2_super_block *s = fs->super;
        char                    buf[80];
         char                    *os;
-       blk_t                   group_block;
+       blk64_t                 group_block;
        dgrp_t                  i;
        int                     need, col_left;
-       
-       if (fs_param.s_blocks_count != s->s_blocks_count)
-               fprintf(stderr, _("warning: %u blocks unused.\n\n"),
-                      fs_param.s_blocks_count - s->s_blocks_count);
+
+       if (ext2fs_blocks_count(&fs_param) != ext2fs_blocks_count(s))
+               fprintf(stderr, _("warning: %llu blocks unused.\n\n"),
+                      ext2fs_blocks_count(&fs_param) - ext2fs_blocks_count(s));
 
        memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
        strncpy(buf, s->s_volume_name, sizeof(s->s_volume_name));
        printf(_("Filesystem label=%s\n"), buf);
-       fputs(_("OS type: "), stdout);
-        os = e2p_os2string(fs->super->s_creator_os);
-       fputs(os, stdout);
+       os = e2p_os2string(fs->super->s_creator_os);
+       if (os)
+               printf(_("OS type: %s\n"), os);
        free(os);
-       printf("\n");
        printf(_("Block size=%u (log=%u)\n"), fs->blocksize,
                s->s_log_block_size);
-       printf(_("Fragment size=%u (log=%u)\n"), fs->fragsize,
-               s->s_log_frag_size);
-       printf(_("%u inodes, %u blocks\n"), s->s_inodes_count,
-              s->s_blocks_count);
-       printf(_("%u blocks (%2.2f%%) reserved for the super user\n"),
-               s->s_r_blocks_count,
-              100.0 * s->s_r_blocks_count / s->s_blocks_count);
+       if (EXT2_HAS_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(fs->super,
+                                      EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_BIGALLOC))
+               printf(_("Cluster size=%u (log=%u)\n"),
+                      fs->blocksize << fs->cluster_ratio_bits,
+                      s->s_log_cluster_size);
+       else
+               printf(_("Fragment size=%u (log=%u)\n"), EXT2_CLUSTER_SIZE(s),
+                      s->s_log_cluster_size);
+       printf(_("Stride=%u blocks, Stripe width=%u blocks\n"),
+              s->s_raid_stride, s->s_raid_stripe_width);
+       printf(_("%u inodes, %llu blocks\n"), s->s_inodes_count,
+              ext2fs_blocks_count(s));
+       printf(_("%llu blocks (%2.2f%%) reserved for the super user\n"),
+               ext2fs_r_blocks_count(s),
+              100.0 *  ext2fs_r_blocks_count(s) / ext2fs_blocks_count(s));
        printf(_("First data block=%u\n"), s->s_first_data_block);
+       if (root_uid != 0 || root_gid != 0)
+               printf(_("Root directory owner=%u:%u\n"), root_uid, root_gid);
        if (s->s_reserved_gdt_blocks)
                printf(_("Maximum filesystem blocks=%lu\n"),
                       (s->s_reserved_gdt_blocks + fs->desc_blocks) *
-                      (fs->blocksize / sizeof(struct ext2_group_desc)) *
-                      s->s_blocks_per_group);
+                      EXT2_DESC_PER_BLOCK(s) * s->s_blocks_per_group);
        if (fs->group_desc_count > 1)
                printf(_("%u block groups\n"), fs->group_desc_count);
        else
                printf(_("%u block group\n"), fs->group_desc_count);
-       printf(_("%u blocks per group, %u fragments per group\n"),
-              s->s_blocks_per_group, s->s_frags_per_group);
+       if (EXT2_HAS_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(fs->super,
+                                      EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_BIGALLOC))
+               printf(_("%u blocks per group, %u clusters per group\n"),
+                      s->s_blocks_per_group, s->s_clusters_per_group);
+       else
+               printf(_("%u blocks per group, %u fragments per group\n"),
+                      s->s_blocks_per_group, s->s_clusters_per_group);
        printf(_("%u inodes per group\n"), s->s_inodes_per_group);
 
        if (fs->group_desc_count == 1) {
@@ -708,7 +609,7 @@ static void show_stats(ext2_filsys fs)
                return;
        }
 
-       printf(_("Superblock backups stored on blocks: "));
+       printf("%s", _("Superblock backups stored on blocks: "));
        group_block = s->s_first_data_block;
        col_left = 0;
        for (i = 1; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++) {
@@ -723,7 +624,7 @@ static void show_stats(ext2_filsys fs)
                        col_left = 72;
                }
                col_left -= need;
-               printf("%u", group_block);
+               printf("%llu", group_block);
        }
        printf("\n\n");
 }
@@ -740,8 +641,6 @@ static int set_os(struct ext2_super_block *sb, char *os)
                sb->s_creator_os = EXT2_OS_LINUX;
        else if (strcasecmp(os, "GNU") == 0 || strcasecmp(os, "hurd") == 0)
                sb->s_creator_os = EXT2_OS_HURD;
-       else if (strcasecmp(os, "masix") == 0)
-               sb->s_creator_os = EXT2_OS_MASIX;
        else if (strcasecmp(os, "freebsd") == 0)
                sb->s_creator_os = EXT2_OS_FREEBSD;
        else if (strcasecmp(os, "lites") == 0)
@@ -753,17 +652,17 @@ static int set_os(struct ext2_super_block *sb, char *os)
 
 #define PATH_SET "PATH=/sbin"
 
-static void parse_extended_opts(struct ext2_super_block *param, 
+static void parse_extended_opts(struct ext2_super_block *param,
                                const char *opts)
 {
-       char    *buf, *token, *next, *p, *arg;
+       char    *buf, *token, *next, *p, *arg, *badopt = 0;
        int     len;
        int     r_usage = 0;
 
        len = strlen(opts);
        buf = malloc(len+1);
        if (!buf) {
-               fprintf(stderr,
+               fprintf(stderr, "%s",
                        _("Couldn't allocate memory to parse options!\n"));
                exit(1);
        }
@@ -780,42 +679,105 @@ static void parse_extended_opts(struct ext2_super_block *param,
                        *arg = 0;
                        arg++;
                }
-               if (strcmp(token, "stride") == 0) {
+               if (strcmp(token, "desc-size") == 0 ||
+                   strcmp(token, "desc_size") == 0) {
+                       int desc_size;
+
+                       if (!(fs_param.s_feature_incompat &
+                             EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_64BIT)) {
+                               fprintf(stderr,
+                                       _("%s requires '-O 64bit'\n"), token);
+                               r_usage++;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       if (param->s_reserved_gdt_blocks != 0) {
+                               fprintf(stderr,
+                                       _("'%s' must be before 'resize=%u'\n"),
+                                       token, param->s_reserved_gdt_blocks);
+                               r_usage++;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       if (!arg) {
+                               r_usage++;
+                               badopt = token;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       desc_size = strtoul(arg, &p, 0);
+                       if (*p || (desc_size & (desc_size - 1))) {
+                               fprintf(stderr,
+                                       _("Invalid desc_size: '%s'\n"), arg);
+                               r_usage++;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       param->s_desc_size = desc_size;
+               } else if (strcmp(token, "mmp_update_interval") == 0) {
+                       if (!arg) {
+                               r_usage++;
+                               badopt = token;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       param->s_mmp_update_interval = strtoul(arg, &p, 0);
+                       if (*p) {
+                               fprintf(stderr,
+                                       _("Invalid mmp_update_interval: %s\n"),
+                                       arg);
+                               r_usage++;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+               } else if (strcmp(token, "stride") == 0) {
                        if (!arg) {
                                r_usage++;
+                               badopt = token;
                                continue;
                        }
-                       fs_stride = strtoul(arg, &p, 0);
-                       if (*p || (fs_stride == 0)) {
+                       param->s_raid_stride = strtoul(arg, &p, 0);
+                       if (*p) {
                                fprintf(stderr,
                                        _("Invalid stride parameter: %s\n"),
                                        arg);
                                r_usage++;
                                continue;
                        }
+               } else if (strcmp(token, "stripe-width") == 0 ||
+                          strcmp(token, "stripe_width") == 0) {
+                       if (!arg) {
+                               r_usage++;
+                               badopt = token;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       param->s_raid_stripe_width = strtoul(arg, &p, 0);
+                       if (*p) {
+                               fprintf(stderr,
+                                       _("Invalid stripe-width parameter: %s\n"),
+                                       arg);
+                               r_usage++;
+                               continue;
+                       }
                } else if (!strcmp(token, "resize")) {
-                       unsigned long resize, bpg, rsv_groups;
+                       blk64_t resize;
+                       unsigned long bpg, rsv_groups;
                        unsigned long group_desc_count, desc_blocks;
                        unsigned int gdpb, blocksize;
                        int rsv_gdb;
 
                        if (!arg) {
                                r_usage++;
+                               badopt = token;
                                continue;
                        }
 
-                       resize = parse_num_blocks(arg, 
-                                                 param->s_log_block_size);
+                       resize = parse_num_blocks2(arg,
+                                                  param->s_log_block_size);
 
                        if (resize == 0) {
-                               fprintf(stderr, 
+                               fprintf(stderr,
                                        _("Invalid resize parameter: %s\n"),
                                        arg);
                                r_usage++;
                                continue;
                        }
-                       if (resize <= param->s_blocks_count) {
-                               fprintf(stderr, 
+                       if (resize <= ext2fs_blocks_count(param)) {
+                               fprintf(stderr, "%s",
                                        _("The resize maximum must be greater "
                                          "than the filesystem size.\n"));
                                r_usage++;
@@ -826,21 +788,22 @@ static void parse_extended_opts(struct ext2_super_block *param,
                        bpg = param->s_blocks_per_group;
                        if (!bpg)
                                bpg = blocksize * 8;
-                       gdpb = blocksize / sizeof(struct ext2_group_desc);
-                       group_desc_count = 
-                               ext2fs_div_ceil(param->s_blocks_count, bpg);
+                       gdpb = EXT2_DESC_PER_BLOCK(param);
+                       group_desc_count = (__u32) ext2fs_div64_ceil(
+                               ext2fs_blocks_count(param), bpg);
                        desc_blocks = (group_desc_count +
                                       gdpb - 1) / gdpb;
-                       rsv_groups = ext2fs_div_ceil(resize, bpg);
-                       rsv_gdb = ext2fs_div_ceil(rsv_groups, gdpb) - 
+                       rsv_groups = ext2fs_div64_ceil(resize, bpg);
+                       rsv_gdb = ext2fs_div_ceil(rsv_groups, gdpb) -
                                desc_blocks;
                        if (rsv_gdb > (int) EXT2_ADDR_PER_BLOCK(param))
                                rsv_gdb = EXT2_ADDR_PER_BLOCK(param);
 
                        if (rsv_gdb > 0) {
                                if (param->s_rev_level == EXT2_GOOD_OLD_REV) {
-                                       fprintf(stderr, 
+                                       fprintf(stderr, "%s",
        _("On-line resizing not supported with revision 0 filesystems\n"));
+                                       free(buf);
                                        exit(1);
                                }
                                param->s_feature_compat |=
@@ -848,36 +811,130 @@ static void parse_extended_opts(struct ext2_super_block *param,
 
                                param->s_reserved_gdt_blocks = rsv_gdb;
                        }
-               } else
+               } else if (!strcmp(token, "test_fs")) {
+                       param->s_flags |= EXT2_FLAGS_TEST_FILESYS;
+               } else if (!strcmp(token, "lazy_itable_init")) {
+                       if (arg)
+                               lazy_itable_init = strtoul(arg, &p, 0);
+                       else
+                               lazy_itable_init = 1;
+               } else if (!strcmp(token, "lazy_journal_init")) {
+                       if (arg)
+                               journal_flags |= strtoul(arg, &p, 0) ?
+                                               EXT2_MKJOURNAL_LAZYINIT : 0;
+                       else
+                               journal_flags |= EXT2_MKJOURNAL_LAZYINIT;
+               } else if (!strcmp(token, "root_owner")) {
+                       if (arg) {
+                               root_uid = strtoul(arg, &p, 0);
+                               if (*p != ':') {
+                                       fprintf(stderr,
+                                               _("Invalid root_owner: '%s'\n"),
+                                               arg);
+                                       r_usage++;
+                                       continue;
+                               }
+                               p++;
+                               root_gid = strtoul(p, &p, 0);
+                               if (*p) {
+                                       fprintf(stderr,
+                                               _("Invalid root_owner: '%s'\n"),
+                                               arg);
+                                       r_usage++;
+                                       continue;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               root_uid = getuid();
+                               root_gid = getgid();
+                       }
+               } else if (!strcmp(token, "discard")) {
+                       discard = 1;
+               } else if (!strcmp(token, "nodiscard")) {
+                       discard = 0;
+               } else if (!strcmp(token, "quotatype")) {
+                       if (!arg) {
+                               r_usage++;
+                               badopt = token;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       if (!strncmp(arg, "usr", 3)) {
+                               quotatype = 0;
+                       } else if (!strncmp(arg, "grp", 3)) {
+                               quotatype = 1;
+                       } else {
+                               fprintf(stderr,
+                                       _("Invalid quotatype parameter: %s\n"),
+                                       arg);
+                               r_usage++;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+               } else {
                        r_usage++;
+                       badopt = token;
+               }
        }
        if (r_usage) {
-               fprintf(stderr, _("\nBad options specified.\n\n"
+               fprintf(stderr, _("\nBad option(s) specified: %s\n\n"
                        "Extended options are separated by commas, "
                        "and may take an argument which\n"
                        "\tis set off by an equals ('=') sign.\n\n"
                        "Valid extended options are:\n"
-                       "\tstride=<stride length in blocks>\n"
-                       "\tresize=<resize maximum size in blocks>\n\n"));
+                       "\tstride=<RAID per-disk data chunk in blocks>\n"
+                       "\tstripe-width=<RAID stride * data disks in blocks>\n"
+                       "\tresize=<resize maximum size in blocks>\n"
+                       "\tlazy_itable_init=<0 to disable, 1 to enable>\n"
+                       "\tlazy_journal_init=<0 to disable, 1 to enable>\n"
+                       "\troot_uid=<uid of root directory>\n"
+                       "\troot_gid=<gid of root directory>\n"
+                       "\ttest_fs\n"
+                       "\tdiscard\n"
+                       "\tnodiscard\n"
+                       "\tquotatype=<usr OR grp>\n\n"),
+                       badopt ? badopt : "");
+               free(buf);
                exit(1);
        }
-}      
+       if (param->s_raid_stride &&
+           (param->s_raid_stripe_width % param->s_raid_stride) != 0)
+               fprintf(stderr, _("\nWarning: RAID stripe-width %u not an even "
+                                 "multiple of stride %u.\n\n"),
+                       param->s_raid_stripe_width, param->s_raid_stride);
+
+       free(buf);
+}
 
 static __u32 ok_features[3] = {
+       /* Compat */
        EXT3_FEATURE_COMPAT_HAS_JOURNAL |
                EXT2_FEATURE_COMPAT_RESIZE_INODE |
                EXT2_FEATURE_COMPAT_DIR_INDEX |
-               EXT2_FEATURE_COMPAT_LAZY_BG,    /* Compat */
-       EXT2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_FILETYPE|         /* Incompat */
+               EXT2_FEATURE_COMPAT_EXT_ATTR,
+       /* Incompat */
+       EXT2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_FILETYPE|
+               EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_EXTENTS|
                EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_JOURNAL_DEV|
-               EXT2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_META_BG,
-       EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER     /* R/O compat */
+               EXT2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_META_BG|
+               EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_FLEX_BG|
+               EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_MMP |
+               EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_64BIT,
+       /* R/O compat */
+       EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_LARGE_FILE|
+               EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_HUGE_FILE|
+               EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_DIR_NLINK|
+               EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_EXTRA_ISIZE|
+               EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER|
+               EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_GDT_CSUM|
+               EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_BIGALLOC|
+#ifdef CONFIG_QUOTA
+               EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_QUOTA|
+#endif
+               0
 };
 
 
 static void syntax_err_report(const char *filename, long err, int line_num)
 {
-       fprintf(stderr, 
+       fprintf(stderr,
                _("Syntax error in mke2fs config file (%s, line #%d)\n\t%s\n"),
                filename, line_num, error_message(err));
        exit(1);
@@ -885,35 +942,370 @@ static void syntax_err_report(const char *filename, long err, int line_num)
 
 static const char *config_fn[] = { ROOT_SYSCONFDIR "/mke2fs.conf", 0 };
 
-static void edit_feature(const char *str, __u32 *compat_array) 
+static void edit_feature(const char *str, __u32 *compat_array)
 {
        if (!str)
                return;
 
        if (e2p_edit_feature(str, compat_array, ok_features)) {
-               fprintf(stderr, _("Invalid filesystem option set: %s\n"), 
+               fprintf(stderr, _("Invalid filesystem option set: %s\n"),
+                       str);
+               exit(1);
+       }
+}
+
+static void edit_mntopts(const char *str, __u32 *mntopts)
+{
+       if (!str)
+               return;
+
+       if (e2p_edit_mntopts(str, mntopts, ~0)) {
+               fprintf(stderr, _("Invalid mount option set: %s\n"),
                        str);
                exit(1);
        }
 }
 
+struct str_list {
+       char **list;
+       int num;
+       int max;
+};
+
+static errcode_t init_list(struct str_list *sl)
+{
+       sl->num = 0;
+       sl->max = 0;
+       sl->list = malloc((sl->max+1) * sizeof(char *));
+       if (!sl->list)
+               return ENOMEM;
+       sl->list[0] = 0;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static errcode_t push_string(struct str_list *sl, const char *str)
+{
+       char **new_list;
+
+       if (sl->num >= sl->max) {
+               sl->max += 2;
+               new_list = realloc(sl->list, (sl->max+1) * sizeof(char *));
+               if (!new_list)
+                       return ENOMEM;
+               sl->list = new_list;
+       }
+       sl->list[sl->num] = malloc(strlen(str)+1);
+       if (sl->list[sl->num] == 0)
+               return ENOMEM;
+       strcpy(sl->list[sl->num], str);
+       sl->num++;
+       sl->list[sl->num] = 0;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void print_str_list(char **list)
+{
+       char **cpp;
+
+       for (cpp = list; *cpp; cpp++) {
+               printf("'%s'", *cpp);
+               if (cpp[1])
+                       fputs(", ", stdout);
+       }
+       fputc('\n', stdout);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return TRUE if the profile has the given subsection
+ */
+static int profile_has_subsection(profile_t prof, const char *section,
+                                 const char *subsection)
+{
+       void                    *state;
+       const char              *names[4];
+       char                    *name;
+       int                     ret = 0;
+
+       names[0] = section;
+       names[1] = subsection;
+       names[2] = 0;
+
+       if (profile_iterator_create(prof, names,
+                                   PROFILE_ITER_LIST_SECTION |
+                                   PROFILE_ITER_RELATIONS_ONLY, &state))
+               return 0;
+
+       if ((profile_iterator(&state, &name, 0) == 0) && name) {
+               free(name);
+               ret = 1;
+       }
+
+       profile_iterator_free(&state);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static char **parse_fs_type(const char *fs_type,
+                           const char *usage_types,
+                           struct ext2_super_block *sb,
+                           blk64_t fs_blocks_count,
+                           char *progname)
+{
+       const char      *ext_type = 0;
+       char            *parse_str;
+       char            *profile_type = 0;
+       char            *cp, *t;
+       const char      *size_type;
+       struct str_list list;
+       unsigned long long meg;
+       int             is_hurd = 0;
+
+       if (init_list(&list))
+               return 0;
+
+       if (creator_os && (!strcasecmp(creator_os, "GNU") ||
+                          !strcasecmp(creator_os, "hurd")))
+               is_hurd = 1;
+
+       if (fs_type)
+               ext_type = fs_type;
+       else if (is_hurd)
+               ext_type = "ext2";
+       else if (!strcmp(program_name, "mke3fs"))
+               ext_type = "ext3";
+       else if (!strcmp(program_name, "mke4fs"))
+               ext_type = "ext4";
+       else if (progname) {
+               ext_type = strrchr(progname, '/');
+               if (ext_type)
+                       ext_type++;
+               else
+                       ext_type = progname;
+
+               if (!strncmp(ext_type, "mkfs.", 5)) {
+                       ext_type += 5;
+                       if (ext_type[0] == 0)
+                               ext_type = 0;
+               } else
+                       ext_type = 0;
+       }
+
+       if (!ext_type) {
+               profile_get_string(profile, "defaults", "fs_type", 0,
+                                  "ext2", &profile_type);
+               ext_type = profile_type;
+               if (!strcmp(ext_type, "ext2") && (journal_size != 0))
+                       ext_type = "ext3";
+       }
+
+
+       if (!profile_has_subsection(profile, "fs_types", ext_type) &&
+           strcmp(ext_type, "ext2")) {
+               printf(_("\nYour mke2fs.conf file does not define the "
+                        "%s filesystem type.\n"), ext_type);
+               if (!strcmp(ext_type, "ext3") || !strcmp(ext_type, "ext4") ||
+                   !strcmp(ext_type, "ext4dev")) {
+                       printf("%s", _("You probably need to install an "
+                                      "updated mke2fs.conf file.\n\n"));
+               }
+               if (!force) {
+                       printf("%s", _("Aborting...\n"));
+                       exit(1);
+               }
+       }
+
+       meg = (1024 * 1024) / EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(sb);
+       if (fs_blocks_count < 3 * meg)
+               size_type = "floppy";
+       else if (fs_blocks_count < 512 * meg)
+               size_type = "small";
+       else if (fs_blocks_count < 4 * 1024 * 1024 * meg)
+               size_type = "default";
+       else if (fs_blocks_count < 16 * 1024 * 1024 * meg)
+               size_type = "big";
+       else
+               size_type = "huge";
+
+       if (!usage_types)
+               usage_types = size_type;
+
+       parse_str = malloc(strlen(usage_types)+1);
+       if (!parse_str) {
+               free(profile_type);
+               free(list.list);
+               return 0;
+       }
+       strcpy(parse_str, usage_types);
+
+       if (ext_type)
+               push_string(&list, ext_type);
+       cp = parse_str;
+       while (1) {
+               t = strchr(cp, ',');
+               if (t)
+                       *t = '\0';
+
+               if (*cp) {
+                       if (profile_has_subsection(profile, "fs_types", cp))
+                               push_string(&list, cp);
+                       else if (strcmp(cp, "default") != 0)
+                               fprintf(stderr,
+                                       _("\nWarning: the fs_type %s is not "
+                                         "defined in mke2fs.conf\n\n"),
+                                       cp);
+               }
+               if (t)
+                       cp = t+1;
+               else
+                       break;
+       }
+       free(parse_str);
+       free(profile_type);
+       if (is_hurd)
+               push_string(&list, "hurd");
+       return (list.list);
+}
+
+static char *get_string_from_profile(char **types, const char *opt,
+                                    const char *def_val)
+{
+       char *ret = 0;
+       int i;
+
+       for (i=0; types[i]; i++);
+       for (i-=1; i >=0 ; i--) {
+               profile_get_string(profile, "fs_types", types[i],
+                                  opt, 0, &ret);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+       profile_get_string(profile, "defaults", opt, 0, def_val, &ret);
+       return (ret);
+}
+
+static int get_int_from_profile(char **types, const char *opt, int def_val)
+{
+       int ret;
+       char **cpp;
+
+       profile_get_integer(profile, "defaults", opt, 0, def_val, &ret);
+       for (cpp = types; *cpp; cpp++)
+               profile_get_integer(profile, "fs_types", *cpp, opt, ret, &ret);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static double get_double_from_profile(char **types, const char *opt,
+                                     double def_val)
+{
+       double ret;
+       char **cpp;
+
+       profile_get_double(profile, "defaults", opt, 0, def_val, &ret);
+       for (cpp = types; *cpp; cpp++)
+               profile_get_double(profile, "fs_types", *cpp, opt, ret, &ret);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static int get_bool_from_profile(char **types, const char *opt, int def_val)
+{
+       int ret;
+       char **cpp;
+
+       profile_get_boolean(profile, "defaults", opt, 0, def_val, &ret);
+       for (cpp = types; *cpp; cpp++)
+               profile_get_boolean(profile, "fs_types", *cpp, opt, ret, &ret);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+extern const char *mke2fs_default_profile;
+static const char *default_files[] = { "<default>", 0 };
+
+#ifdef HAVE_BLKID_PROBE_GET_TOPOLOGY
+/*
+ * Sets the geometry of a device (stripe/stride), and returns the
+ * device's alignment offset, if any, or a negative error.
+ */
+static int get_device_geometry(const char *file,
+                              struct ext2_super_block *fs_param,
+                              int psector_size)
+{
+       int rc = -1;
+       int blocksize;
+       blkid_probe pr;
+       blkid_topology tp;
+       unsigned long min_io;
+       unsigned long opt_io;
+       struct stat statbuf;
+
+       /* Nothing to do for a regular file */
+       if (!stat(file, &statbuf) && S_ISREG(statbuf.st_mode))
+               return 0;
+
+       pr = blkid_new_probe_from_filename(file);
+       if (!pr)
+               goto out;
+
+       tp = blkid_probe_get_topology(pr);
+       if (!tp)
+               goto out;
+
+       min_io = blkid_topology_get_minimum_io_size(tp);
+       opt_io = blkid_topology_get_optimal_io_size(tp);
+       blocksize = EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(fs_param);
+       if ((min_io == 0) && (psector_size > blocksize))
+               min_io = psector_size;
+       if ((opt_io == 0) && min_io)
+               opt_io = min_io;
+       if ((opt_io == 0) && (psector_size > blocksize))
+               opt_io = psector_size;
+
+       /* setting stripe/stride to blocksize is pointless */
+       if (min_io > blocksize)
+               fs_param->s_raid_stride = min_io / blocksize;
+       if (opt_io > blocksize)
+               fs_param->s_raid_stripe_width = opt_io / blocksize;
+
+       rc = blkid_topology_get_alignment_offset(tp);
+out:
+       blkid_free_probe(pr);
+       return rc;
+}
+#endif
+
 static void PRS(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
        int             b, c;
-       int             size;
-       char            *tmp, *tmp2;
+       int             cluster_size = 0;
+       char            *tmp, **cpp;
        int             blocksize = 0;
        int             inode_ratio = 0;
        int             inode_size = 0;
-       double          reserved_ratio = 5.0;
-       int             sector_size = 0;
+       unsigned long   flex_bg_size = 0;
+       double          reserved_ratio = -1.0;
+       int             lsector_size = 0, psector_size = 0;
        int             show_version_only = 0;
-       __u64           num_inodes = 0; /* u64 to catch too-large input */
+       unsigned long long num_inodes = 0; /* unsigned long long to catch too-large input */
        errcode_t       retval;
        char *          oldpath = getenv("PATH");
        char *          extended_opts = 0;
-       const char *    fs_type = 0;
-       blk_t           dev_size;
+       char *          fs_type = 0;
+       char *          usage_types = 0;
+       blk64_t         dev_size;
+       /*
+        * NOTE: A few words about fs_blocks_count and blocksize:
+        *
+        * Initially, blocksize is set to zero, which implies 1024.
+        * If -b is specified, blocksize is updated to the user's value.
+        *
+        * Next, the device size or the user's "blocks" command line argument
+        * is used to set fs_blocks_count; the units are blocksize.
+        *
+        * Later, if blocksize hasn't been set and the profile specifies a
+        * blocksize, then blocksize is updated and fs_blocks_count is scaled
+        * appropriately.  Note the change in units!
+        *
+        * Finally, we complain about fs_blocks_count > 2^32 on a non-64bit fs.
+        */
+       blk64_t         fs_blocks_count = 0;
 #ifdef __linux__
        struct          utsname ut;
 #endif
@@ -927,6 +1319,11 @@ static void PRS(int argc, char *argv[])
        if (oldpath)
                pathlen += strlen(oldpath);
        newpath = malloc(pathlen);
+       if (!newpath) {
+               fprintf(stderr, "%s",
+                       _("Couldn't allocate memory for new PATH.\n"));
+               exit(1);
+       }
        strcpy(newpath, PATH_SET);
 
        /* Update our PATH to include /sbin  */
@@ -955,8 +1352,21 @@ static void PRS(int argc, char *argv[])
        if ((tmp = getenv("MKE2FS_CONFIG")) != NULL)
                config_fn[0] = tmp;
        profile_set_syntax_err_cb(syntax_err_report);
-       profile_init(config_fn, &profile);
-       
+       retval = profile_init(config_fn, &profile);
+       if (retval == ENOENT) {
+               retval = profile_init(default_files, &profile);
+               if (retval)
+                       goto profile_error;
+               retval = profile_set_default(profile, mke2fs_default_profile);
+               if (retval)
+                       goto profile_error;
+       } else if (retval) {
+profile_error:
+               fprintf(stderr, _("Couldn't init profile successfully"
+                                 " (error: %ld).\n"), retval);
+               exit(1);
+       }
+
        setbuf(stdout, NULL);
        setbuf(stderr, NULL);
        add_error_table(&et_ext2_error_table);
@@ -978,18 +1388,19 @@ static void PRS(int argc, char *argv[])
                program_name = get_progname(*argv);
 
                /* If called as mkfs.ext3, create a journal inode */
-               if (!strcmp(program_name, "mkfs.ext3"))
+               if (!strcmp(program_name, "mkfs.ext3") ||
+                   !strcmp(program_name, "mke3fs"))
                        journal_size = -1;
        }
 
        while ((c = getopt (argc, argv,
-                   "b:cf:g:i:jl:m:no:qr:s:tvE:FI:J:L:M:N:O:R:ST:V")) != EOF) {
+                   "b:cg:i:jl:m:no:qr:s:t:vC:DE:FG:I:J:KL:M:N:O:R:ST:U:V")) != EOF) {
                switch (c) {
                case 'b':
-                       blocksize = strtol(optarg, &tmp, 0);
+                       blocksize = parse_num_blocks2(optarg, -1);
                        b = (blocksize > 0) ? blocksize : -blocksize;
                        if (b < EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_SIZE ||
-                           b > EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE || *tmp) {
+                           b > EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE) {
                                com_err(program_name, 0,
                                        _("invalid block size - %s"), optarg);
                                exit(1);
@@ -998,85 +1409,142 @@ static void PRS(int argc, char *argv[])
                                fprintf(stderr, _("Warning: blocksize %d not "
                                                  "usable on most systems.\n"),
                                        blocksize);
-                       if (blocksize > 0) 
+                       if (blocksize > 0)
                                fs_param.s_log_block_size =
                                        int_log2(blocksize >>
                                                 EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_LOG_SIZE);
                        break;
                case 'c':       /* Check for bad blocks */
-               case 't':       /* deprecated */
                        cflag++;
                        break;
-               case 'f':
-                       size = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0);
-                       if (size < EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_SIZE ||
-                           size > EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE || *tmp) {
+               case 'C':
+                       cluster_size = parse_num_blocks2(optarg, -1);
+                       if (cluster_size <= EXT2_MIN_CLUSTER_SIZE ||
+                           cluster_size > EXT2_MAX_CLUSTER_SIZE) {
                                com_err(program_name, 0,
-                                       _("invalid fragment size - %s"),
+                                       _("invalid cluster size - %s"),
                                        optarg);
                                exit(1);
                        }
-                       fs_param.s_log_frag_size =
-                               int_log2(size >> EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_LOG_SIZE);
-                       fprintf(stderr, _("Warning: fragments not supported.  "
-                              "Ignoring -f option\n"));
+                       break;
+               case 'D':
+                       direct_io = 1;
+                       break;
+               case 'R':
+                       com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
+                               _("'-R' is deprecated, use '-E' instead"));
+                       /* fallthrough */
+               case 'E':
+                       extended_opts = optarg;
+                       break;
+               case 'F':
+                       force++;
                        break;
                case 'g':
                        fs_param.s_blocks_per_group = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0);
                        if (*tmp) {
-                               com_err(program_name, 0,
-                                       _("Illegal number for blocks per group"));
+                               com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
+                               _("Illegal number for blocks per group"));
                                exit(1);
                        }
                        if ((fs_param.s_blocks_per_group % 8) != 0) {
-                               com_err(program_name, 0,
+                               com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
                                _("blocks per group must be multiple of 8"));
                                exit(1);
                        }
                        break;
-               case 'i':
-                       inode_ratio = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0);
-                       if (inode_ratio < EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_SIZE ||
+               case 'G':
+                       flex_bg_size = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0);
+                       if (*tmp) {
+                               com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
+                                       _("Illegal number for flex_bg size"));
+                               exit(1);
+                       }
+                       if (flex_bg_size < 1 ||
+                           (flex_bg_size & (flex_bg_size-1)) != 0) {
+                               com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
+                                       _("flex_bg size must be a power of 2"));
+                               exit(1);
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case 'i':
+                       inode_ratio = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0);
+                       if (inode_ratio < EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_SIZE ||
                            inode_ratio > EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE * 1024 ||
                            *tmp) {
                                com_err(program_name, 0,
                                        _("invalid inode ratio %s (min %d/max %d)"),
                                        optarg, EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_SIZE,
-                                       EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE);
+                                       EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE * 1024);
                                exit(1);
                        }
                        break;
-               case 'J':
-                       parse_journal_opts(optarg);
+               case 'I':
+                       inode_size = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0);
+                       if (*tmp) {
+                               com_err(program_name, 0,
+                                       _("invalid inode size - %s"), optarg);
+                               exit(1);
+                       }
                        break;
                case 'j':
                        if (!journal_size)
                                journal_size = -1;
                        break;
+               case 'J':
+                       parse_journal_opts(optarg);
+                       break;
+               case 'K':
+                       fprintf(stderr, "%s",
+                               _("Warning: -K option is deprecated and "
+                                 "should not be used anymore. Use "
+                                 "\'-E nodiscard\' extended option "
+                                 "instead!\n"));
+                       discard = 0;
+                       break;
                case 'l':
-                       bad_blocks_filename = malloc(strlen(optarg)+1);
+                       bad_blocks_filename = realloc(bad_blocks_filename,
+                                                     strlen(optarg) + 1);
                        if (!bad_blocks_filename) {
-                               com_err(program_name, ENOMEM,
+                               com_err(program_name, ENOMEM, "%s",
                                        _("in malloc for bad_blocks_filename"));
                                exit(1);
                        }
                        strcpy(bad_blocks_filename, optarg);
                        break;
+               case 'L':
+                       volume_label = optarg;
+                       break;
                case 'm':
                        reserved_ratio = strtod(optarg, &tmp);
-                       if (reserved_ratio > 50 || *tmp) {
+                       if ( *tmp || reserved_ratio > 50 ||
+                            reserved_ratio < 0) {
                                com_err(program_name, 0,
                                        _("invalid reserved blocks percent - %s"),
                                        optarg);
                                exit(1);
                        }
                        break;
+               case 'M':
+                       mount_dir = optarg;
+                       break;
                case 'n':
                        noaction++;
                        break;
+               case 'N':
+                       num_inodes = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0);
+                       if (*tmp) {
+                               com_err(program_name, 0,
+                                       _("bad num inodes - %s"), optarg);
+                                       exit(1);
+                       }
+                       break;
                case 'o':
                        creator_os = optarg;
                        break;
+               case 'O':
+                       fs_features = optarg;
+                       break;
                case 'q':
                        quiet = 1;
                        break;
@@ -1092,46 +1560,30 @@ static void PRS(int argc, char *argv[])
                case 's':       /* deprecated */
                        s_opt = atoi(optarg);
                        break;
-               case 'I':
-                       inode_size = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0);
-                       if (*tmp) {
-                               com_err(program_name, 0,
-                                       _("invalid inode size - %s"), optarg);
+               case 'S':
+                       super_only = 1;
+                       break;
+               case 't':
+                       if (fs_type) {
+                               com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
+                                   _("The -t option may only be used once"));
                                exit(1);
                        }
+                       fs_type = strdup(optarg);
                        break;
-               case 'v':
-                       verbose = 1;
-                       break;
-               case 'F':
-                       force++;
-                       break;
-               case 'L':
-                       volume_label = optarg;
-                       break;
-               case 'M':
-                       mount_dir = optarg;
-                       break;
-               case 'N':
-                       num_inodes = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0);
-                       if (*tmp) {
-                               com_err(program_name, 0,
-                                       _("bad num inodes - %s"), optarg);
-                                       exit(1);
+               case 'T':
+                       if (usage_types) {
+                               com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
+                                   _("The -T option may only be used once"));
+                               exit(1);
                        }
+                       usage_types = strdup(optarg);
                        break;
-               case 'O':
-                       fs_features = optarg;
-                       break;
-               case 'E':
-               case 'R':
-                       extended_opts = optarg;
-                       break;
-               case 'S':
-                       super_only = 1;
+               case 'U':
+                       fs_uuid = optarg;
                        break;
-               case 'T':
-                       fs_type = optarg;
+               case 'v':
+                       verbose = 1;
                        break;
                case 'V':
                        /* Print version number and exit */
@@ -1146,11 +1598,11 @@ static void PRS(int argc, char *argv[])
        device_name = argv[optind++];
 
        if (!quiet || show_version_only)
-               fprintf (stderr, "mke2fs %s (%s)\n", E2FSPROGS_VERSION, 
+               fprintf (stderr, "mke2fs %s (%s)\n", E2FSPROGS_VERSION,
                         E2FSPROGS_DATE);
 
        if (show_version_only) {
-               fprintf(stderr, _("\tUsing %s\n"), 
+               fprintf(stderr, _("\tUsing %s\n"),
                        error_message(EXT2_ET_BASE));
                exit(0);
        }
@@ -1164,11 +1616,12 @@ static void PRS(int argc, char *argv[])
                io_manager      io_ptr;
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_TESTIO_DEBUG
-               io_ptr = test_io_manager;
-               test_io_backing_manager = unix_io_manager;
-#else
-               io_ptr = unix_io_manager;
+               if (getenv("TEST_IO_FLAGS") || getenv("TEST_IO_BLOCK")) {
+                       io_ptr = test_io_manager;
+                       test_io_backing_manager = unix_io_manager;
+               } else
 #endif
+                       io_ptr = unix_io_manager;
                retval = ext2fs_open(journal_device,
                                     EXT2_FLAG_JOURNAL_DEV_OK, 0,
                                     0, io_ptr, &jfs);
@@ -1186,28 +1639,19 @@ static void PRS(int argc, char *argv[])
                        exit(1);
                }
                blocksize = jfs->blocksize;
+               printf(_("Using journal device's blocksize: %d\n"), blocksize);
                fs_param.s_log_block_size =
                        int_log2(blocksize >> EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_LOG_SIZE);
                ext2fs_close(jfs);
        }
 
-       if (blocksize > sys_page_size) {
-               if (!force) {
-                       com_err(program_name, 0,
-                               _("%d-byte blocks too big for system (max %d)"),
-                               blocksize, sys_page_size);
-                       proceed_question();
-               }
-               fprintf(stderr, _("Warning: %d-byte blocks too big for system "
-                                 "(max %d), forced to continue\n"),
-                       blocksize, sys_page_size);
-       }
        if (optind < argc) {
-               fs_param.s_blocks_count = parse_num_blocks(argv[optind++], 
-                               fs_param.s_log_block_size);
-               if (!fs_param.s_blocks_count) {
-                       com_err(program_name, 0, _("invalid blocks count - %s"),
-                               argv[optind - 1]);
+               fs_blocks_count = parse_num_blocks2(argv[optind++],
+                                                  fs_param.s_log_block_size);
+               if (!fs_blocks_count) {
+                       com_err(program_name, 0,
+                               _("invalid blocks '%s' on device '%s'"),
+                               argv[optind - 1], device_name);
                        exit(1);
                }
        }
@@ -1218,40 +1662,30 @@ static void PRS(int argc, char *argv[])
                check_plausibility(device_name);
        check_mount(device_name, force, _("filesystem"));
 
-       fs_param.s_log_frag_size = fs_param.s_log_block_size;
-
-       if (noaction && fs_param.s_blocks_count) {
-               dev_size = fs_param.s_blocks_count;
+       /* Determine the size of the device (if possible) */
+       if (noaction && fs_blocks_count) {
+               dev_size = fs_blocks_count;
                retval = 0;
-       } else {
-       retry:
-               retval = ext2fs_get_device_size(device_name,
-                                               EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&fs_param),
-                                               &dev_size);
-               if ((retval == EFBIG) &&
-                   (blocksize == 0) && 
-                   (fs_param.s_log_block_size == 0)) {
-                       fs_param.s_log_block_size = 2;
-                       blocksize = 4096;
-                       goto retry;
-               }
-       }
-                       
+       } else
+               retval = ext2fs_get_device_size2(device_name,
+                                                EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&fs_param),
+                                                &dev_size);
+
        if (retval && (retval != EXT2_ET_UNIMPLEMENTED)) {
-               com_err(program_name, retval,
+               com_err(program_name, retval, "%s",
                        _("while trying to determine filesystem size"));
                exit(1);
        }
-       if (!fs_param.s_blocks_count) {
+       if (!fs_blocks_count) {
                if (retval == EXT2_ET_UNIMPLEMENTED) {
-                       com_err(program_name, 0,
+                       com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
                                _("Couldn't determine device size; you "
                                "must specify\nthe size of the "
                                "filesystem\n"));
                        exit(1);
                } else {
                        if (dev_size == 0) {
-                               com_err(program_name, 0,
+                               com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
                                _("Device size reported to be zero.  "
                                  "Invalid partition specified, or\n\t"
                                  "partition table wasn't reread "
@@ -1262,70 +1696,171 @@ static void PRS(int argc, char *argv[])
                                  ));
                                exit(1);
                        }
-                       fs_param.s_blocks_count = dev_size;
+                       fs_blocks_count = dev_size;
                        if (sys_page_size > EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&fs_param))
-                               fs_param.s_blocks_count &= ~((sys_page_size /
-                                          EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&fs_param))-1);
+                               fs_blocks_count &= ~((blk64_t) ((sys_page_size /
+                                            EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&fs_param))-1));
                }
-               
-       } else if (!force && (fs_param.s_blocks_count > dev_size)) {
-               com_err(program_name, 0,
+       } else if (!force && (fs_blocks_count > dev_size)) {
+               com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
                        _("Filesystem larger than apparent device size."));
                proceed_question();
        }
 
-       if (!fs_type) {
-               int megs = (__u64)fs_param.s_blocks_count *
-                       (EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&fs_param) / 1024) / 1024;
+       if (!fs_type)
+               profile_get_string(profile, "devices", device_name,
+                                  "fs_type", 0, &fs_type);
+       if (!usage_types)
+               profile_get_string(profile, "devices", device_name,
+                                  "usage_types", 0, &usage_types);
 
-               if (fs_param.s_feature_incompat & 
-                   EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_JOURNAL_DEV)
-                       fs_type = "journal";
-               else if (megs <= 3)
-                       fs_type = "floppy";
-               else if (megs <= 512)
-                       fs_type = "small";
-               else
-                       fs_type = "default";
+       /*
+        * We have the file system (or device) size, so we can now
+        * determine the appropriate file system types so the fs can
+        * be appropriately configured.
+        */
+       fs_types = parse_fs_type(fs_type, usage_types, &fs_param,
+                                fs_blocks_count ? fs_blocks_count : dev_size,
+                                argv[0]);
+       if (!fs_types) {
+               fprintf(stderr, "%s", _("Failed to parse fs types list\n"));
+               exit(1);
        }
 
        /* Figure out what features should be enabled */
 
-       tmp = tmp2 = NULL;
+       tmp = NULL;
        if (fs_param.s_rev_level != EXT2_GOOD_OLD_REV) {
-               profile_get_string(profile, "defaults", "base_features", 0,
-                                  "sparse_super,filetype,resize_inode,dir_index",
-                                  &tmp);
-               profile_get_string(profile, "fs_types", fs_type, 
-                                  "base_features", tmp, &tmp2);
-               edit_feature(tmp2, &fs_param.s_feature_compat);
+               tmp = get_string_from_profile(fs_types, "base_features",
+                     "sparse_super,filetype,resize_inode,dir_index");
+               edit_feature(tmp, &fs_param.s_feature_compat);
                free(tmp);
-               free(tmp2);
 
-               tmp = tmp2 = NULL;
-               profile_get_string(profile, "defaults", "default_features", 0,
-                                  "", &tmp);
-               profile_get_string(profile, "fs_types", fs_type, 
-                                  "default_features", tmp, &tmp2);
+               /* And which mount options as well */
+               tmp = get_string_from_profile(fs_types, "default_mntopts",
+                                             "acl,user_xattr");
+               edit_mntopts(tmp, &fs_param.s_default_mount_opts);
+               if (tmp)
+                       free(tmp);
+
+               for (cpp = fs_types; *cpp; cpp++) {
+                       tmp = NULL;
+                       profile_get_string(profile, "fs_types", *cpp,
+                                          "features", "", &tmp);
+                       if (tmp && *tmp)
+                               edit_feature(tmp, &fs_param.s_feature_compat);
+                       if (tmp)
+                               free(tmp);
+               }
+               tmp = get_string_from_profile(fs_types, "default_features",
+                                             "");
        }
-       edit_feature(fs_features ? fs_features : tmp2, 
+       edit_feature(fs_features ? fs_features : tmp,
                     &fs_param.s_feature_compat);
        if (tmp)
                free(tmp);
-       if (tmp2)
-               free(tmp2);
 
-       if (r_opt == EXT2_GOOD_OLD_REV && 
+       /* Get the hardware sector sizes, if available */
+       retval = ext2fs_get_device_sectsize(device_name, &lsector_size);
+       if (retval) {
+               com_err(program_name, retval, "%s",
+                       _("while trying to determine hardware sector size"));
+               exit(1);
+       }
+       retval = ext2fs_get_device_phys_sectsize(device_name, &psector_size);
+       if (retval) {
+               com_err(program_name, retval, "%s",
+                       _("while trying to determine physical sector size"));
+               exit(1);
+       }
+
+       tmp = getenv("MKE2FS_DEVICE_SECTSIZE");
+       if (tmp != NULL)
+               lsector_size = atoi(tmp);
+       tmp = getenv("MKE2FS_DEVICE_PHYS_SECTSIZE");
+       if (tmp != NULL)
+               psector_size = atoi(tmp);
+
+       /* Older kernels may not have physical/logical distinction */
+       if (!psector_size)
+               psector_size = lsector_size;
+
+       if (blocksize <= 0) {
+               use_bsize = get_int_from_profile(fs_types, "blocksize", 4096);
+
+               if (use_bsize == -1) {
+                       use_bsize = sys_page_size;
+                       if ((linux_version_code < (2*65536 + 6*256)) &&
+                           (use_bsize > 4096))
+                               use_bsize = 4096;
+               }
+               if (lsector_size && use_bsize < lsector_size)
+                       use_bsize = lsector_size;
+               if ((blocksize < 0) && (use_bsize < (-blocksize)))
+                       use_bsize = -blocksize;
+               blocksize = use_bsize;
+               fs_blocks_count /= (blocksize / 1024);
+       } else {
+               if (blocksize < lsector_size) {                 /* Impossible */
+                       com_err(program_name, EINVAL, "%s",
+                               _("while setting blocksize; too small "
+                                 "for device\n"));
+                       exit(1);
+               } else if ((blocksize < psector_size) &&
+                          (psector_size <= sys_page_size)) {   /* Suboptimal */
+                       fprintf(stderr, _("Warning: specified blocksize %d is "
+                               "less than device physical sectorsize %d\n"),
+                               blocksize, psector_size);
+               }
+       }
+
+       fs_param.s_log_block_size =
+               int_log2(blocksize >> EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_LOG_SIZE);
+
+       /*
+        * We now need to do a sanity check of fs_blocks_count for
+        * 32-bit vs 64-bit block number support.
+        */
+       if ((fs_blocks_count > MAX_32_NUM) &&
+           !(fs_param.s_feature_incompat & EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_64BIT) &&
+           get_bool_from_profile(fs_types, "auto_64-bit_support", 0)) {
+               fs_param.s_feature_incompat |= EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_64BIT;
+               fs_param.s_feature_compat &= ~EXT2_FEATURE_COMPAT_RESIZE_INODE;
+       }
+       if ((fs_blocks_count > MAX_32_NUM) &&
+           !(fs_param.s_feature_incompat & EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_64BIT)) {
+               fprintf(stderr, _("%s: Size of device (0x%llx blocks) %s "
+                                 "too big to be expressed\n\t"
+                                 "in 32 bits using a blocksize of %d.\n"),
+                       program_name, fs_blocks_count, device_name,
+                       EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&fs_param));
+               exit(1);
+       }
+
+       ext2fs_blocks_count_set(&fs_param, fs_blocks_count);
+
+       if (fs_param.s_feature_incompat & EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_JOURNAL_DEV) {
+               fs_types[0] = strdup("journal");
+               fs_types[1] = 0;
+       }
+
+       if (verbose) {
+               fputs(_("fs_types for mke2fs.conf resolution: "), stdout);
+               print_str_list(fs_types);
+       }
+
+       if (r_opt == EXT2_GOOD_OLD_REV &&
            (fs_param.s_feature_compat || fs_param.s_feature_incompat ||
-            fs_param.s_feature_incompat)) {
-               fprintf(stderr, _("Filesystem features not supported "
-                                 "with revision 0 filesystems\n"));
+            fs_param.s_feature_ro_compat)) {
+               fprintf(stderr, "%s", _("Filesystem features not supported "
+                                       "with revision 0 filesystems\n"));
                exit(1);
        }
 
        if (s_opt > 0) {
                if (r_opt == EXT2_GOOD_OLD_REV) {
-                       fprintf(stderr, _("Sparse superblocks not supported "
+                       fprintf(stderr, "%s",
+                               _("Sparse superblocks not supported "
                                  "with revision 0 filesystems\n"));
                        exit(1);
                }
@@ -1337,84 +1872,178 @@ static void PRS(int argc, char *argv[])
 
        if (journal_size != 0) {
                if (r_opt == EXT2_GOOD_OLD_REV) {
-                       fprintf(stderr, _("Journals not supported "
-                                 "with revision 0 filesystems\n"));
+                       fprintf(stderr, "%s", _("Journals not supported with "
+                                               "revision 0 filesystems\n"));
                        exit(1);
                }
-               fs_param.s_feature_compat |= 
+               fs_param.s_feature_compat |=
                        EXT3_FEATURE_COMPAT_HAS_JOURNAL;
        }
 
-       if (fs_param.s_feature_incompat & 
+       /* Get reserved_ratio from profile if not specified on cmd line. */
+       if (reserved_ratio < 0.0) {
+               reserved_ratio = get_double_from_profile(
+                                       fs_types, "reserved_ratio", 5.0);
+               if (reserved_ratio > 50 || reserved_ratio < 0) {
+                       com_err(program_name, 0,
+                               _("invalid reserved blocks percent - %lf"),
+                               reserved_ratio);
+                       exit(1);
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (fs_param.s_feature_incompat &
            EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_JOURNAL_DEV) {
                reserved_ratio = 0;
                fs_param.s_feature_incompat = EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_JOURNAL_DEV;
                fs_param.s_feature_compat = 0;
                fs_param.s_feature_ro_compat = 0;
        }
-       
+
+       /* Check the user's mkfs options for 64bit */
+       if ((fs_param.s_feature_incompat & EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_64BIT) &&
+           !(fs_param.s_feature_incompat & EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_EXTENTS)) {
+               printf("%s", _("Extents MUST be enabled for a 64-bit "
+                              "filesystem.  Pass -O extents to rectify.\n"));
+               exit(1);
+       }
+
        /* Set first meta blockgroup via an environment variable */
        /* (this is mostly for debugging purposes) */
        if ((fs_param.s_feature_incompat & EXT2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_META_BG) &&
            ((tmp = getenv("MKE2FS_FIRST_META_BG"))))
                fs_param.s_first_meta_bg = atoi(tmp);
-
-       /* Get the hardware sector size, if available */
-       retval = ext2fs_get_device_sectsize(device_name, &sector_size);
-       if (retval) {
-               com_err(program_name, retval,
-                       _("while trying to determine hardware sector size"));
+       if (fs_param.s_feature_ro_compat & EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_BIGALLOC) {
+               if (!cluster_size)
+                       cluster_size = get_int_from_profile(fs_types,
+                                                           "cluster_size",
+                                                           blocksize*16);
+               fs_param.s_log_cluster_size =
+                       int_log2(cluster_size >> EXT2_MIN_CLUSTER_LOG_SIZE);
+               if (fs_param.s_log_cluster_size &&
+                   fs_param.s_log_cluster_size < fs_param.s_log_block_size) {
+                       com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
+                               _("The cluster size may not be "
+                                 "smaller than the block size.\n"));
+                       exit(1);
+               }
+       } else if (cluster_size) {
+               com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
+                       _("specifying a cluster size requires the "
+                         "bigalloc feature"));
                exit(1);
+       } else
+               fs_param.s_log_cluster_size = fs_param.s_log_block_size;
+
+       if (inode_ratio == 0) {
+               inode_ratio = get_int_from_profile(fs_types, "inode_ratio",
+                                                  8192);
+               if (inode_ratio < blocksize)
+                       inode_ratio = blocksize;
+               if (inode_ratio < EXT2_CLUSTER_SIZE(&fs_param))
+                       inode_ratio = EXT2_CLUSTER_SIZE(&fs_param);
        }
 
-       if ((tmp = getenv("MKE2FS_DEVICE_SECTSIZE")) != NULL)
-               sector_size = atoi(tmp);
-       
-       if (blocksize <= 0) {
-               profile_get_integer(profile, "defaults", "blocksize", 0,
-                                   4096, &use_bsize);
-               profile_get_integer(profile, "fs_types", fs_type, 
-                                   "blocksize", use_bsize, &use_bsize);
+#ifdef HAVE_BLKID_PROBE_GET_TOPOLOGY
+       retval = get_device_geometry(device_name, &fs_param, psector_size);
+       if (retval < 0) {
+               fprintf(stderr,
+                       _("warning: Unable to get device geometry for %s\n"),
+                       device_name);
+       } else if (retval) {
+               printf(_("%s alignment is offset by %lu bytes.\n"),
+                      device_name, retval);
+               printf(_("This may result in very poor performance, "
+                         "(re)-partitioning suggested.\n"));
+       }
+#endif
 
-               if (use_bsize == -1) {
-                       use_bsize = sys_page_size;
-                       if ((linux_version_code < (2*65536 + 6*256)) &&
-                           (use_bsize > 4096))
-                               use_bsize = 4096;
+       blocksize = EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&fs_param);
+
+       /*
+        * Initialize s_desc_size so that the parse_extended_opts()
+        * can correctly handle "-E resize=NNN" if the 64-bit option
+        * is set.
+        */
+       if (fs_param.s_feature_incompat & EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_64BIT)
+               fs_param.s_desc_size = EXT2_MIN_DESC_SIZE_64BIT;
+
+       /* This check should happen beyond the last assignment to blocksize */
+       if (blocksize > sys_page_size) {
+               if (!force) {
+                       com_err(program_name, 0,
+                               _("%d-byte blocks too big for system (max %d)"),
+                               blocksize, sys_page_size);
+                       proceed_question();
                }
-               if (sector_size && use_bsize < sector_size)
-                       use_bsize = sector_size;
-               if ((blocksize < 0) && (use_bsize < (-blocksize)))
-                       use_bsize = -blocksize;
-               blocksize = use_bsize;
-               fs_param.s_blocks_count /= blocksize / 1024;
+               fprintf(stderr, _("Warning: %d-byte blocks too big for system "
+                                 "(max %d), forced to continue\n"),
+                       blocksize, sys_page_size);
        }
 
-       if (inode_ratio == 0) {
-               profile_get_integer(profile, "defaults", "inode_ratio", 0,
-                                   8192, &inode_ratio);
-               profile_get_integer(profile, "fs_types", fs_type, 
-                                   "inode_ratio", inode_ratio, 
-                                   &inode_ratio);
+       lazy_itable_init = 0;
+       if (access("/sys/fs/ext4/features/lazy_itable_init", R_OK) == 0)
+               lazy_itable_init = 1;
 
-               if (inode_ratio < blocksize)
-                       inode_ratio = blocksize;
-       }
+       lazy_itable_init = get_bool_from_profile(fs_types,
+                                                "lazy_itable_init",
+                                                lazy_itable_init);
+       discard = get_bool_from_profile(fs_types, "discard" , discard);
+       journal_flags |= get_bool_from_profile(fs_types,
+                                              "lazy_journal_init", 0) ?
+                                              EXT2_MKJOURNAL_LAZYINIT : 0;
+       journal_flags |= EXT2_MKJOURNAL_NO_MNT_CHECK;
 
-       fs_param.s_log_frag_size = fs_param.s_log_block_size =
-               int_log2(blocksize >> EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_LOG_SIZE);
+       /* Get options from profile */
+       for (cpp = fs_types; *cpp; cpp++) {
+               tmp = NULL;
+               profile_get_string(profile, "fs_types", *cpp, "options", "", &tmp);
+                       if (tmp && *tmp)
+                               parse_extended_opts(&fs_param, tmp);
+                       free(tmp);
+       }
 
-       blocksize = EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&fs_param);
-       
        if (extended_opts)
                parse_extended_opts(&fs_param, extended_opts);
 
+       /* Can't support bigalloc feature without extents feature */
+       if ((fs_param.s_feature_ro_compat & EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_BIGALLOC) &&
+           !(fs_param.s_feature_incompat & EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_EXTENTS)) {
+               com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
+                       _("Can't support bigalloc feature without "
+                         "extents feature"));
+               exit(1);
+       }
+
+       if ((fs_param.s_feature_incompat & EXT2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_META_BG) &&
+           (fs_param.s_feature_compat & EXT2_FEATURE_COMPAT_RESIZE_INODE)) {
+               fprintf(stderr, "%s", _("The resize_inode and meta_bg "
+                                       "features are not compatible.\n"
+                                       "They can not be both enabled "
+                                       "simultaneously.\n"));
+               exit(1);
+       }
+
+       if (!quiet &&
+           (fs_param.s_feature_ro_compat & EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_BIGALLOC))
+               fprintf(stderr, "%s", _("\nWarning: the bigalloc feature is "
+                                 "still under development\n"
+                                 "See https://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/"
+                                 "index.php/Bigalloc for more information\n\n"));
+
+       if (!quiet &&
+           (fs_param.s_feature_ro_compat & EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_QUOTA))
+               fprintf(stderr, "%s", _("\nWarning: the quota feature is "
+                                 "still under development\n"
+                                 "See https://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/"
+                                 "index.php/Quota for more information\n\n"));
+
        /* Since sparse_super is the default, we would only have a problem
         * here if it was explicitly disabled.
         */
        if ((fs_param.s_feature_compat & EXT2_FEATURE_COMPAT_RESIZE_INODE) &&
            !(fs_param.s_feature_ro_compat&EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER)) {
-               com_err(program_name, 0,
+               com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
                        _("reserved online resize blocks not supported "
                          "on non-sparse filesystem"));
                exit(1);
@@ -1423,31 +2052,36 @@ static void PRS(int argc, char *argv[])
        if (fs_param.s_blocks_per_group) {
                if (fs_param.s_blocks_per_group < 256 ||
                    fs_param.s_blocks_per_group > 8 * (unsigned) blocksize) {
-                       com_err(program_name, 0,
+                       com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
                                _("blocks per group count out of range"));
                        exit(1);
                }
        }
 
-       if (!force && fs_param.s_blocks_count >= ((unsigned) 1 << 31)) {
-               com_err(program_name, 0,
-                       _("Filesystem too large.  No more than 2**31-1 blocks\n"
-                         "\t (8TB using a blocksize of 4k) are currently supported."));
-             exit(1);
-       }
-
-       if ((blocksize > 4096) &&
-           (fs_param.s_feature_compat & EXT3_FEATURE_COMPAT_HAS_JOURNAL))
-               fprintf(stderr, _("\nWarning: some 2.4 kernels do not support "
-                       "blocksizes greater than 4096\n\tusing ext3.  "
-                       "Use -b 4096 if this is an issue for you.\n\n"));
-
-       if (inode_size == 0) {
-               profile_get_integer(profile, "defaults", "inode_size", NULL,
-                                   0, &inode_size);
-               profile_get_integer(profile, "fs_types", fs_type,
-                                   "inode_size", inode_size,
-                                   &inode_size);
+       /*
+        * If the bigalloc feature is enabled, then the -g option will
+        * specify the number of clusters per group.
+        */
+       if (fs_param.s_feature_ro_compat & EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_BIGALLOC) {
+               fs_param.s_clusters_per_group = fs_param.s_blocks_per_group;
+               fs_param.s_blocks_per_group = 0;
+       }
+
+       if (inode_size == 0)
+               inode_size = get_int_from_profile(fs_types, "inode_size", 0);
+       if (!flex_bg_size && (fs_param.s_feature_incompat &
+                             EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_FLEX_BG))
+               flex_bg_size = get_int_from_profile(fs_types,
+                                                   "flex_bg_size", 16);
+       if (flex_bg_size) {
+               if (!(fs_param.s_feature_incompat &
+                     EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_FLEX_BG)) {
+                       com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
+                               _("Flex_bg feature not enabled, so "
+                                 "flex_bg size may not be specified"));
+                       exit(1);
+               }
+               fs_param.s_log_groups_per_flex = int_log2(flex_bg_size);
        }
 
        if (inode_size && fs_param.s_rev_level >= EXT2_DYNAMIC_REV) {
@@ -1460,54 +2094,266 @@ static void PRS(int argc, char *argv[])
                                blocksize);
                        exit(1);
                }
-               if (inode_size != EXT2_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE)
-                       fprintf(stderr, _("Warning: %d-byte inodes not usable "
-                               "on older systems\n"),
-                               inode_size);
                fs_param.s_inode_size = inode_size;
        }
 
        /* Make sure number of inodes specified will fit in 32 bits */
        if (num_inodes == 0) {
-               __u64 n;
-               n = (__u64) fs_param.s_blocks_count * blocksize / inode_ratio;
-               if (n > ~0U) {
-                       com_err(program_name, 0,
-                           _("too many inodes (%llu), raise inode ratio?"), n);
-                       exit(1);
+               unsigned long long n;
+               n = ext2fs_blocks_count(&fs_param) * blocksize / inode_ratio;
+               if (n > MAX_32_NUM) {
+                       if (fs_param.s_feature_incompat &
+                           EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_64BIT)
+                               num_inodes = MAX_32_NUM;
+                       else {
+                               com_err(program_name, 0,
+                                       _("too many inodes (%llu), raise "
+                                         "inode ratio?"), n);
+                               exit(1);
+                       }
                }
-       } else if (num_inodes > ~0U) {
+       } else if (num_inodes > MAX_32_NUM) {
                com_err(program_name, 0,
                        _("too many inodes (%llu), specify < 2^32 inodes"),
-                         (__u64)num_inodes);
+                         num_inodes);
                exit(1);
        }
        /*
         * Calculate number of inodes based on the inode ratio
         */
-       fs_param.s_inodes_count = num_inodes ? num_inodes : 
-               ((__u64) fs_param.s_blocks_count * blocksize)
-                       / inode_ratio;
+       fs_param.s_inodes_count = num_inodes ? num_inodes :
+               (ext2fs_blocks_count(&fs_param) * blocksize) / inode_ratio;
 
-       if ((((long long)fs_param.s_inodes_count) *
+       if ((((unsigned long long)fs_param.s_inodes_count) *
             (inode_size ? inode_size : EXT2_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE)) >=
-           (((long long)fs_param.s_blocks_count) * 
+           ((ext2fs_blocks_count(&fs_param)) *
             EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&fs_param))) {
                com_err(program_name, 0, _("inode_size (%u) * inodes_count "
                                          "(%u) too big for a\n\t"
-                                         "filesystem with %lu blocks, "
+                                         "filesystem with %llu blocks, "
                                          "specify higher inode_ratio (-i)\n\t"
                                          "or lower inode count (-N).\n"),
                        inode_size ? inode_size : EXT2_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE,
-                       fs_param.s_inodes_count, fs_param.s_blocks_count);
+                       fs_param.s_inodes_count,
+                       (unsigned long long) ext2fs_blocks_count(&fs_param));
                exit(1);
        }
 
        /*
         * Calculate number of blocks to reserve
         */
-       fs_param.s_r_blocks_count = e2p_percent(reserved_ratio, 
-                                               fs_param.s_blocks_count);
+       ext2fs_r_blocks_count_set(&fs_param, reserved_ratio *
+                                 ext2fs_blocks_count(&fs_param) / 100.0);
+
+       free(fs_type);
+       free(usage_types);
+}
+
+static int should_do_undo(const char *name)
+{
+       errcode_t retval;
+       io_channel channel;
+       __u16   s_magic;
+       struct ext2_super_block super;
+       io_manager manager = unix_io_manager;
+       int csum_flag, force_undo;
+
+       csum_flag = EXT2_HAS_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(&fs_param,
+                                              EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_GDT_CSUM);
+       force_undo = get_int_from_profile(fs_types, "force_undo", 0);
+       if (!force_undo && (!csum_flag || !lazy_itable_init))
+               return 0;
+
+       retval = manager->open(name, IO_FLAG_EXCLUSIVE,  &channel);
+       if (retval) {
+               /*
+                * We don't handle error cases instead we
+                * declare that the file system doesn't exist
+                * and let the rest of mke2fs take care of
+                * error
+                */
+               retval = 0;
+               goto open_err_out;
+       }
+
+       io_channel_set_blksize(channel, SUPERBLOCK_OFFSET);
+       retval = io_channel_read_blk64(channel, 1, -SUPERBLOCK_SIZE, &super);
+       if (retval) {
+               retval = 0;
+               goto err_out;
+       }
+
+#if defined(WORDS_BIGENDIAN)
+       s_magic = ext2fs_swab16(super.s_magic);
+#else
+       s_magic = super.s_magic;
+#endif
+
+       if (s_magic == EXT2_SUPER_MAGIC)
+               retval = 1;
+
+err_out:
+       io_channel_close(channel);
+
+open_err_out:
+
+       return retval;
+}
+
+static int mke2fs_setup_tdb(const char *name, io_manager *io_ptr)
+{
+       errcode_t retval = ENOMEM;
+       char *tdb_dir = NULL, *tdb_file = NULL;
+       char *dev_name, *tmp_name;
+       int free_tdb_dir = 0;
+
+       /*
+        * Configuration via a conf file would be
+        * nice
+        */
+       tdb_dir = getenv("E2FSPROGS_UNDO_DIR");
+       if (!tdb_dir) {
+               profile_get_string(profile, "defaults",
+                                  "undo_dir", 0, "/var/lib/e2fsprogs",
+                                  &tdb_dir);
+               free_tdb_dir = 1;
+       }
+
+       if (!strcmp(tdb_dir, "none") || (tdb_dir[0] == 0) ||
+           access(tdb_dir, W_OK)) {
+               if (free_tdb_dir)
+                       free(tdb_dir);
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       tmp_name = strdup(name);
+       if (!tmp_name)
+               goto errout;
+       dev_name = basename(tmp_name);
+       tdb_file = malloc(strlen(tdb_dir) + 8 + strlen(dev_name) + 7 + 1);
+       if (!tdb_file) {
+               free(tmp_name);
+               goto errout;
+       }
+       sprintf(tdb_file, "%s/mke2fs-%s.e2undo", tdb_dir, dev_name);
+       free(tmp_name);
+
+       if (!access(tdb_file, F_OK)) {
+               if (unlink(tdb_file) < 0) {
+                       retval = errno;
+                       goto errout;
+               }
+       }
+
+       set_undo_io_backing_manager(*io_ptr);
+       *io_ptr = undo_io_manager;
+       retval = set_undo_io_backup_file(tdb_file);
+       if (retval)
+               goto errout;
+       printf(_("Overwriting existing filesystem; this can be undone "
+                "using the command:\n"
+                "    e2undo %s %s\n\n"), tdb_file, name);
+
+       if (free_tdb_dir)
+               free(tdb_dir);
+       free(tdb_file);
+       return 0;
+
+errout:
+       if (free_tdb_dir)
+               free(tdb_dir);
+       free(tdb_file);
+       com_err(program_name, retval, "%s",
+               _("while trying to setup undo file\n"));
+       return retval;
+}
+
+static int mke2fs_discard_device(ext2_filsys fs)
+{
+       struct ext2fs_numeric_progress_struct progress;
+       blk64_t blocks = ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super);
+       blk64_t count = DISCARD_STEP_MB;
+       blk64_t cur;
+       int retval = 0;
+
+       /*
+        * Let's try if discard really works on the device, so
+        * we do not print numeric progress resulting in failure
+        * afterwards.
+        */
+       retval = io_channel_discard(fs->io, 0, fs->blocksize);
+       if (retval)
+               return retval;
+       cur = fs->blocksize;
+
+       count *= (1024 * 1024);
+       count /= fs->blocksize;
+
+       ext2fs_numeric_progress_init(fs, &progress,
+                                    _("Discarding device blocks: "),
+                                    blocks);
+       while (cur < blocks) {
+               ext2fs_numeric_progress_update(fs, &progress, cur);
+
+               if (cur + count > blocks)
+                       count = blocks - cur;
+
+               retval = io_channel_discard(fs->io, cur, count);
+               if (retval)
+                       break;
+               cur += count;
+       }
+
+       if (retval) {
+               ext2fs_numeric_progress_close(fs, &progress,
+                                     _("failed - "));
+               if (!quiet)
+                       printf("%s\n",error_message(retval));
+       } else
+               ext2fs_numeric_progress_close(fs, &progress,
+                                     _("done                            \n"));
+
+       return retval;
+}
+
+static void fix_cluster_bg_counts(ext2_filsys fs)
+{
+       blk64_t cluster, num_clusters, tot_free;
+       unsigned num = 0;
+       int     grp_free, num_free, group;
+
+       num_clusters = EXT2FS_B2C(fs, ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super));
+       tot_free = num_free = group = grp_free = 0;
+       for (cluster = EXT2FS_B2C(fs, fs->super->s_first_data_block);
+            cluster < num_clusters; cluster++) {
+               if (!ext2fs_test_block_bitmap2(fs->block_map,
+                                              EXT2FS_C2B(fs, cluster))) {
+                       grp_free++;
+                       tot_free++;
+               }
+               num++;
+               if ((num == fs->super->s_clusters_per_group) ||
+                   (cluster == num_clusters-1)) {
+                       ext2fs_bg_free_blocks_count_set(fs, group, grp_free);
+                       ext2fs_group_desc_csum_set(fs, group);
+                       num = 0;
+                       grp_free = 0;
+                       group++;
+               }
+       }
+       ext2fs_free_blocks_count_set(fs->super, EXT2FS_C2B(fs, tot_free));
+}
+
+static int create_quota_inodes(ext2_filsys fs)
+{
+       quota_ctx_t qctx;
+
+       quota_init_context(&qctx, fs, -1);
+       quota_compute_usage(qctx);
+       quota_write_inode(qctx, quotatype);
+       quota_release_context(&qctx);
+
+       return 0;
 }
 
 int main (int argc, char *argv[])
@@ -1515,36 +2361,98 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
        errcode_t       retval = 0;
        ext2_filsys     fs;
        badblocks_list  bb_list = 0;
-       int             journal_blocks;
-       unsigned int    i;
-       int             val;
+       unsigned int    journal_blocks;
+       unsigned int    i, checkinterval;
+       int             max_mnt_count;
+       int             val, hash_alg;
+       int             flags;
+       int             old_bitmaps;
        io_manager      io_ptr;
+       char            tdb_string[40];
+       char            *hash_alg_str;
+       int             itable_zeroed = 0;
 
 #ifdef ENABLE_NLS
        setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, "");
        setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
        bindtextdomain(NLS_CAT_NAME, LOCALEDIR);
        textdomain(NLS_CAT_NAME);
+       set_com_err_gettext(gettext);
 #endif
        PRS(argc, argv);
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_TESTIO_DEBUG
-       io_ptr = test_io_manager;
-       test_io_backing_manager = unix_io_manager;
-#else
-       io_ptr = unix_io_manager;
+       if (getenv("TEST_IO_FLAGS") || getenv("TEST_IO_BLOCK")) {
+               io_ptr = test_io_manager;
+               test_io_backing_manager = unix_io_manager;
+       } else
 #endif
+               io_ptr = unix_io_manager;
+
+       if (should_do_undo(device_name)) {
+               retval = mke2fs_setup_tdb(device_name, &io_ptr);
+               if (retval)
+                       exit(1);
+       }
 
        /*
         * Initialize the superblock....
         */
-       retval = ext2fs_initialize(device_name, EXT2_FLAG_EXCLUSIVE, &fs_param,
-                                  io_ptr, &fs);
+       flags = EXT2_FLAG_EXCLUSIVE;
+       if (direct_io)
+               flags |= EXT2_FLAG_DIRECT_IO;
+       profile_get_boolean(profile, "options", "old_bitmaps", 0, 0,
+                           &old_bitmaps);
+       if (!old_bitmaps)
+               flags |= EXT2_FLAG_64BITS;
+       /*
+        * By default, we print how many inode tables or block groups
+        * or whatever we've written so far.  The quiet flag disables
+        * this, along with a lot of other output.
+        */
+       if (!quiet)
+               flags |= EXT2_FLAG_PRINT_PROGRESS;
+       retval = ext2fs_initialize(device_name, flags, &fs_param, io_ptr, &fs);
        if (retval) {
-               com_err(device_name, retval, _("while setting up superblock"));
+               com_err(device_name, retval, "%s",
+                       _("while setting up superblock"));
                exit(1);
        }
 
+       /* Calculate journal blocks */
+       if (!journal_device && ((journal_size) ||
+               (fs_param.s_feature_compat &
+                EXT3_FEATURE_COMPAT_HAS_JOURNAL)))
+               journal_blocks = figure_journal_size(journal_size, fs);
+
+       /* Can't undo discard ... */
+       if (!noaction && discard && (io_ptr != undo_io_manager)) {
+               retval = mke2fs_discard_device(fs);
+               if (!retval && io_channel_discard_zeroes_data(fs->io)) {
+                       if (verbose)
+                               printf("%s",
+                                      _("Discard succeeded and will return "
+                                        "0s - skipping inode table wipe\n"));
+                       lazy_itable_init = 1;
+                       itable_zeroed = 1;
+               }
+       }
+
+       sprintf(tdb_string, "tdb_data_size=%d", fs->blocksize <= 4096 ?
+               32768 : fs->blocksize * 8);
+       io_channel_set_options(fs->io, tdb_string);
+
+       if (fs_param.s_flags & EXT2_FLAGS_TEST_FILESYS)
+               fs->super->s_flags |= EXT2_FLAGS_TEST_FILESYS;
+
+       if ((fs_param.s_feature_incompat &
+            (EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_EXTENTS|EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_FLEX_BG)) ||
+           (fs_param.s_feature_ro_compat &
+            (EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_HUGE_FILE|EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_GDT_CSUM|
+             EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_DIR_NLINK|
+             EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_EXTRA_ISIZE)))
+               fs->super->s_kbytes_written = 1;
+
        /*
         * Wipe out the old on-disk superblock
         */
@@ -1552,24 +2460,55 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
                zap_sector(fs, 2, 6);
 
        /*
-        * Generate a UUID for it...
+        * Parse or generate a UUID for the filesystem
         */
-       uuid_generate(fs->super->s_uuid);
+       if (fs_uuid) {
+               if (uuid_parse(fs_uuid, fs->super->s_uuid) !=0) {
+                       com_err(device_name, 0, "could not parse UUID: %s\n",
+                               fs_uuid);
+                       exit(1);
+               }
+       } else
+               uuid_generate(fs->super->s_uuid);
 
        /*
         * Initialize the directory index variables
         */
-       fs->super->s_def_hash_version = EXT2_HASH_TEA;
+       hash_alg_str = get_string_from_profile(fs_types, "hash_alg",
+                                              "half_md4");
+       hash_alg = e2p_string2hash(hash_alg_str);
+       free(hash_alg_str);
+       fs->super->s_def_hash_version = (hash_alg >= 0) ? hash_alg :
+               EXT2_HASH_HALF_MD4;
        uuid_generate((unsigned char *) fs->super->s_hash_seed);
 
        /*
-        * Add "jitter" to the superblock's check interval so that we
-        * don't check all the filesystems at the same time.  We use a
-        * kludgy hack of using the UUID to derive a random jitter value.
+        * Periodic checks can be enabled/disabled via config file.
+        * Note we override the kernel include file's idea of what the default
+        * check interval (never) should be.  It's a good idea to check at
+        * least *occasionally*, specially since servers will never rarely get
+        * to reboot, since Linux is so robust these days.  :-)
+        *
+        * 180 days (six months) seems like a good value.
         */
-       for (i = 0, val = 0 ; i < sizeof(fs->super->s_uuid); i++)
-               val += fs->super->s_uuid[i];
-       fs->super->s_max_mnt_count += val % EXT2_DFL_MAX_MNT_COUNT;
+#ifdef EXT2_DFL_CHECKINTERVAL
+#undef EXT2_DFL_CHECKINTERVAL
+#endif
+#define EXT2_DFL_CHECKINTERVAL (86400L * 180L)
+
+       if (get_bool_from_profile(fs_types, "enable_periodic_fsck", 0)) {
+               fs->super->s_checkinterval = EXT2_DFL_CHECKINTERVAL;
+               fs->super->s_max_mnt_count = EXT2_DFL_MAX_MNT_COUNT;
+               /*
+                * Add "jitter" to the superblock's check interval so that we
+                * don't check all the filesystems at the same time.  We use a
+                * kludgy hack of using the UUID to derive a random jitter value
+                */
+               for (i = 0, val = 0 ; i < sizeof(fs->super->s_uuid); i++)
+                       val += fs->super->s_uuid[i];
+               fs->super->s_max_mnt_count += val % EXT2_DFL_MAX_MNT_COUNT;
+       } else
+               fs->super->s_max_mnt_count = -1;
 
        /*
         * Override the creator OS, if applicable
@@ -1606,7 +2545,7 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
                strncpy(fs->super->s_last_mounted, mount_dir,
                        sizeof(fs->super->s_last_mounted));
        }
-       
+
        if (!quiet || noaction)
                show_stats(fs);
 
@@ -1625,22 +2564,45 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
                test_disk(fs, &bb_list);
 
        handle_bad_blocks(fs, bb_list);
-       fs->stride = fs->super->s_raid_stride = fs_stride;
+       fs->stride = fs_stride = fs->super->s_raid_stride;
+       if (!quiet)
+               printf("%s", _("Allocating group tables: "));
        retval = ext2fs_allocate_tables(fs);
        if (retval) {
-               com_err(program_name, retval,
+               com_err(program_name, retval, "%s",
                        _("while trying to allocate filesystem tables"));
                exit(1);
        }
+       if (!quiet)
+               printf("%s", _("done                            \n"));
+
+       retval = ext2fs_convert_subcluster_bitmap(fs, &fs->block_map);
+       if (retval) {
+               com_err(program_name, retval, "%s",
+                       _("\n\twhile converting subcluster bitmap"));
+               exit(1);
+       }
+
        if (super_only) {
                fs->super->s_state |= EXT2_ERROR_FS;
                fs->flags &= ~(EXT2_FLAG_IB_DIRTY|EXT2_FLAG_BB_DIRTY);
+               /* 
+                * The command "mke2fs -S" is used to recover
+                * corrupted file systems, so do not mark any of the
+                * inodes as unused; we want e2fsck to consider all
+                * inodes as potentially containing recoverable data.
+                */
+               if (fs->super->s_feature_ro_compat &
+                   EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_GDT_CSUM) {
+                       for (i = 0; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++)
+                               ext2fs_bg_itable_unused_set(fs, i, 0);
+               }
        } else {
                /* rsv must be a power of two (64kB is MD RAID sb alignment) */
-               unsigned int rsv = 65536 / fs->blocksize;
-               unsigned long blocks = fs->super->s_blocks_count;
-               unsigned long start;
-               blk_t ret_blk;
+               blk64_t rsv = 65536 / fs->blocksize;
+               blk64_t blocks = ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super);
+               blk64_t start;
+               blk64_t ret_blk;
 
 #ifdef ZAP_BOOTBLOCK
                zap_sector(fs, 0, 2);
@@ -1655,25 +2617,25 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
                if (start > rsv)
                        start -= rsv;
                if (start > 0)
-                       retval = zero_blocks(fs, start, blocks - start,
-                                            NULL, &ret_blk, NULL);
+                       retval = ext2fs_zero_blocks2(fs, start, blocks - start,
+                                                   &ret_blk, NULL);
 
                if (retval) {
                        com_err(program_name, retval,
-                               _("while zeroing block %u at end of filesystem"),
+                               _("while zeroing block %llu at end of filesystem"),
                                ret_blk);
                }
-               setup_lazy_bg(fs);
-               write_inode_tables(fs);
+               write_inode_tables(fs, lazy_itable_init, itable_zeroed);
                create_root_dir(fs);
                create_lost_and_found(fs);
                reserve_inodes(fs);
                create_bad_block_inode(fs, bb_list);
-               if (fs->super->s_feature_compat & 
+               if (fs->super->s_feature_compat &
                    EXT2_FEATURE_COMPAT_RESIZE_INODE) {
                        retval = ext2fs_create_resize_inode(fs);
                        if (retval) {
                                com_err("ext2fs_create_resize_inode", retval,
+                                       "%s",
                                _("while reserving blocks for online resize"));
                                exit(1);
                        }
@@ -1682,9 +2644,9 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
 
        if (journal_device) {
                ext2_filsys     jfs;
-               
+
                if (!force)
-                       check_plausibility(journal_device); 
+                       check_plausibility(journal_device);
                check_mount(journal_device, force, _("journal"));
 
                retval = ext2fs_open(journal_device, EXT2_FLAG_RW|
@@ -1697,25 +2659,29 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
                        exit(1);
                }
                if (!quiet) {
-                       printf(_("Adding journal to device %s: "), 
+                       printf(_("Adding journal to device %s: "),
                               journal_device);
                        fflush(stdout);
                }
                retval = ext2fs_add_journal_device(fs, jfs);
                if(retval) {
-                       com_err (program_name, retval, 
-                                _("\n\twhile trying to add journal to device %s"), 
+                       com_err (program_name, retval,
+                                _("\n\twhile trying to add journal to device %s"),
                                 journal_device);
                        exit(1);
                }
                if (!quiet)
-                       printf(_("done\n"));
+                       printf("%s", _("done\n"));
                ext2fs_close(jfs);
                free(journal_device);
        } else if ((journal_size) ||
-                  (fs_param.s_feature_compat & 
+                  (fs_param.s_feature_compat &
                    EXT3_FEATURE_COMPAT_HAS_JOURNAL)) {
-               journal_blocks = figure_journal_size(journal_size, fs);
+               if (super_only) {
+                       printf("%s", _("Skipping journal creation in super-only mode\n"));
+                       fs->super->s_journal_inum = EXT2_JOURNAL_INO;
+                       goto no_journal;
+               }
 
                if (!journal_blocks) {
                        fs->super->s_feature_compat &=
@@ -1723,37 +2689,63 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
                        goto no_journal;
                }
                if (!quiet) {
-                       printf(_("Creating journal (%d blocks): "),
+                       printf(_("Creating journal (%u blocks): "),
                               journal_blocks);
                        fflush(stdout);
                }
                retval = ext2fs_add_journal_inode(fs, journal_blocks,
                                                  journal_flags);
                if (retval) {
-                       com_err (program_name, retval,
-                                _("\n\twhile trying to create journal"));
+                       com_err(program_name, retval, "%s",
+                               _("\n\twhile trying to create journal"));
                        exit(1);
                }
                if (!quiet)
-                       printf(_("done\n"));
+                       printf("%s", _("done\n"));
        }
 no_journal:
+       if (!super_only &&
+           fs->super->s_feature_incompat & EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_MMP) {
+               retval = ext2fs_mmp_init(fs);
+               if (retval) {
+                       fprintf(stderr, "%s",
+                               _("\nError while enabling multiple "
+                                 "mount protection feature."));
+                       exit(1);
+               }
+               if (!quiet)
+                       printf(_("Multiple mount protection is enabled "
+                                "with update interval %d seconds.\n"),
+                              fs->super->s_mmp_update_interval);
+       }
+
+       if (EXT2_HAS_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(&fs_param,
+                                      EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_BIGALLOC))
+               fix_cluster_bg_counts(fs);
+       if (EXT2_HAS_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(&fs_param,
+                                      EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_QUOTA))
+               create_quota_inodes(fs);
 
        if (!quiet)
-               printf(_("Writing superblocks and "
+               printf("%s", _("Writing superblocks and "
                       "filesystem accounting information: "));
-       retval = ext2fs_flush(fs);
+       checkinterval = fs->super->s_checkinterval;
+       max_mnt_count = fs->super->s_max_mnt_count;
+       retval = ext2fs_close(fs);
        if (retval) {
-               fprintf(stderr,
+               fprintf(stderr, "%s",
                        _("\nWarning, had trouble writing out superblocks."));
-       }
-       if (!quiet) {
-               printf(_("done\n\n"));
+       } else if (!quiet) {
+               printf("%s", _("done\n\n"));
                if (!getenv("MKE2FS_SKIP_CHECK_MSG"))
-                       print_check_message(fs);
+                       print_check_message(max_mnt_count, checkinterval);
        }
-       val = ext2fs_close(fs);
+
        remove_error_table(&et_ext2_error_table);
        remove_error_table(&et_prof_error_table);
-       return (retval || val) ? 1 : 0;
+       profile_release(profile);
+       for (i=0; fs_types[i]; i++)
+               free(fs_types[i]);
+       free(fs_types);
+       return retval;
 }