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libext2fs: automatically enable meta_bg to avoid filling up BG 0
[tools/e2fsprogs.git] / misc / mke2fs.c
index 64d5a46..179a4d1 100644 (file)
  * enforced (but it's not much fun on a character device :-).
  */
 
-#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600 /* for inclusion of PATH_MAX in Solaris */
+#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600 /* for inclusion of PATH_MAX */
 
 #include "config.h"
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <strings.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #ifdef __linux__
 #include <sys/utsname.h>
+#define KERNEL_VERSION(a,b,c) (((a) << 16) + ((b) << 8) + (c))
 #endif
 #ifdef HAVE_GETOPT_H
 #include <getopt.h>
@@ -44,24 +44,22 @@ extern int optind;
 #include <errno.h>
 #endif
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <libgen.h>
 #include <limits.h>
 #include <blkid/blkid.h>
 
 #include "ext2fs/ext2_fs.h"
 #include "ext2fs/ext2fsP.h"
-#include "et/com_err.h"
 #include "uuid/uuid.h"
-#include "e2p/e2p.h"
-#include "ext2fs/ext2fs.h"
 #include "util.h"
-#include "profile.h"
-#include "prof_err.h"
+#include "support/nls-enable.h"
+#include "support/plausible.h"
+#include "support/profile.h"
+#include "support/prof_err.h"
 #include "../version.h"
-#include "nls-enable.h"
-#include "quota/mkquota.h"
+#include "support/quotaio.h"
+#include "mke2fs.h"
+#include "create_inode.h"
 
 #define STRIDE_LENGTH 8
 
@@ -76,26 +74,32 @@ extern int optind;
 extern int isatty(int);
 extern FILE *fpopen(const char *cmd, const char *mode);
 
-static const char * program_name = "mke2fs";
+const char * program_name = "mke2fs";
 static const char * device_name /* = NULL */;
 
 /* Command line options */
 static int     cflag;
-static int     verbose;
-static int     quiet;
+int    verbose;
+int    quiet;
 static int     super_only;
 static int     discard = 1;    /* attempt to discard device before fs creation */
 static int     direct_io;
 static int     force;
 static int     noaction;
+static int     num_backups = 2; /* number of backup bg's for sparse_super2 */
 static uid_t   root_uid;
 static gid_t   root_gid;
 int    journal_size;
 int    journal_flags;
 static int     lazy_itable_init;
+static int     packed_meta_blocks;
 static char    *bad_blocks_filename = NULL;
 static __u32   fs_stride;
 static int     quotatype = -1;  /* Initialize both user and group quotas by default */
+static __u64   offset;
+static blk64_t journal_location = ~0LL;
+static int     proceed_delay = -1;
+static blk64_t dev_size;
 
 static struct ext2_super_block fs_param;
 static char *fs_uuid = NULL;
@@ -104,25 +108,30 @@ static char *volume_label;
 static char *mount_dir;
 char *journal_device;
 static int sync_kludge;        /* Set using the MKE2FS_SYNC env. option */
-static char **fs_types;
+char **fs_types;
+const char *root_dir;  /* Copy files from the specified directory */
+static char *undo_file;
 
 static profile_t       profile;
 
 static int sys_page_size = 4096;
-static int linux_version_code = 0;
+
+static int errors_behavior = 0;
 
 static void usage(void)
 {
        fprintf(stderr, _("Usage: %s [-c|-l filename] [-b block-size] "
        "[-C cluster-size]\n\t[-i bytes-per-inode] [-I inode-size] "
        "[-J journal-options]\n"
-       "\t[-G flex-group-size] [-N number-of-inodes]\n"
+       "\t[-G flex-group-size] [-N number-of-inodes] "
+       "[-d root-directory]\n"
        "\t[-m reserved-blocks-percentage] [-o creator-os]\n"
        "\t[-g blocks-per-group] [-L volume-label] "
        "[-M last-mounted-directory]\n\t[-O feature[,...]] "
        "[-r fs-revision] [-E extended-option[,...]]\n"
-       "\t[-t fs-type] [-T usage-type ] [-U UUID] "
-       "[-jnqvDFKSV] device [blocks-count]\n"),
+       "\t[-t fs-type] [-T usage-type ] [-U UUID] [-e errors_behavior]"
+       "[-z undo_file]\n"
+       "\t[-jnqvDFKSV] device [blocks-count]\n"),
                program_name);
        exit(1);
 }
@@ -139,7 +148,7 @@ static int int_log2(unsigned long long arg)
        return l;
 }
 
-static int int_log10(unsigned long long arg)
+int int_log10(unsigned long long arg)
 {
        int     l;
 
@@ -168,7 +177,31 @@ static int parse_version_number(const char *s)
        rev = strtol(cp, &endptr, 10);
        if (cp == endptr)
                return 0;
-       return ((((major * 256) + minor) * 256) + rev);
+       return KERNEL_VERSION(major, minor, rev);
+}
+
+static int is_before_linux_ver(unsigned int major, unsigned int minor,
+                              unsigned int rev)
+{
+       struct          utsname ut;
+       static int      linux_version_code = -1;
+
+       if (uname(&ut)) {
+               perror("uname");
+               exit(1);
+       }
+       if (linux_version_code < 0)
+               linux_version_code = parse_version_number(ut.release);
+       if (linux_version_code == 0)
+               return 0;
+
+       return linux_version_code < (int) KERNEL_VERSION(major, minor, rev);
+}
+#else
+static int is_before_linux_ver(unsigned int major, unsigned int minor,
+                              unsigned int rev)
+{
+       return 0;
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -314,13 +347,11 @@ static void write_reserved_inodes(ext2_filsys fs)
        ext2_ino_t      ino;
        struct ext2_inode *inode;
 
-       retval = ext2fs_get_mem(EXT2_INODE_SIZE(fs->super), &inode);
+       retval = ext2fs_get_memzero(EXT2_INODE_SIZE(fs->super), &inode);
        if (retval) {
-               com_err("inode_init", retval,
-                       "while allocating memory");
+               com_err("inode_init", retval, _("while allocating memory"));
                exit(1);
        }
-       bzero(inode, EXT2_INODE_SIZE(fs->super));
 
        for (ino = 1; ino < EXT2_FIRST_INO(fs->super); ino++)
                ext2fs_write_inode_full(fs, ino, inode,
@@ -329,6 +360,41 @@ static void write_reserved_inodes(ext2_filsys fs)
        ext2fs_free_mem(&inode);
 }
 
+static errcode_t packed_allocate_tables(ext2_filsys fs)
+{
+       errcode_t       retval;
+       dgrp_t          i;
+       blk64_t         goal = 0;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++) {
+               retval = ext2fs_new_block2(fs, goal, NULL, &goal);
+               if (retval)
+                       return retval;
+               ext2fs_block_alloc_stats2(fs, goal, +1);
+               ext2fs_block_bitmap_loc_set(fs, i, goal);
+       }
+       for (i = 0; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++) {
+               retval = ext2fs_new_block2(fs, goal, NULL, &goal);
+               if (retval)
+                       return retval;
+               ext2fs_block_alloc_stats2(fs, goal, +1);
+               ext2fs_inode_bitmap_loc_set(fs, i, goal);
+       }
+       for (i = 0; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++) {
+               blk64_t end = ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super) - 1;
+               retval = ext2fs_get_free_blocks2(fs, goal, end,
+                                                fs->inode_blocks_per_group,
+                                                fs->block_map, &goal);
+               if (retval)
+                       return retval;
+               ext2fs_block_alloc_stats_range(fs, goal,
+                                              fs->inode_blocks_per_group, +1);
+               ext2fs_inode_table_loc_set(fs, i, goal);
+               ext2fs_group_desc_csum_set(fs, i);
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
 static void write_inode_tables(ext2_filsys fs, int lazy_flag, int itable_zeroed)
 {
        errcode_t       retval;
@@ -357,12 +423,14 @@ static void write_inode_tables(ext2_filsys fs, int lazy_flag, int itable_zeroed)
                        ext2fs_bg_flags_set(fs, i, EXT2_BG_INODE_ZEROED);
                        ext2fs_group_desc_csum_set(fs, i);
                }
-               retval = ext2fs_zero_blocks2(fs, blk, num, &blk, &num);
-               if (retval) {
-                       fprintf(stderr, _("\nCould not write %d "
-                                 "blocks in inode table starting at %llu: %s\n"),
-                               num, blk, error_message(retval));
-                       exit(1);
+               if (!itable_zeroed) {
+                       retval = ext2fs_zero_blocks2(fs, blk, num, &blk, &num);
+                       if (retval) {
+                               fprintf(stderr, _("\nCould not write %d "
+                                         "blocks in inode table starting at %llu: %s\n"),
+                                       num, blk, error_message(retval));
+                               exit(1);
+                       }
                }
                if (sync_kludge) {
                        if (sync_kludge == 1)
@@ -371,7 +439,6 @@ static void write_inode_tables(ext2_filsys fs, int lazy_flag, int itable_zeroed)
                                sync();
                }
        }
-       ext2fs_zero_blocks2(0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
        ext2fs_numeric_progress_close(fs, &progress,
                                      _("done                            \n"));
 
@@ -560,7 +627,6 @@ static void create_journal_dev(ext2_filsys fs)
                count -= c;
                ext2fs_numeric_progress_update(fs, &progress, blk);
        }
-       ext2fs_zero_blocks2(0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
 
        ext2fs_numeric_progress_close(fs, &progress, NULL);
 write_superblock:
@@ -583,6 +649,14 @@ static void show_stats(ext2_filsys fs)
        dgrp_t                  i;
        int                     need, col_left;
 
+       if (!verbose) {
+               printf(_("Creating filesystem with %llu %dk blocks and "
+                        "%u inodes\n"),
+                      ext2fs_blocks_count(s), fs->blocksize >> 10,
+                      s->s_inodes_count);
+               goto skip_details;
+       }
+
        if (ext2fs_blocks_count(&fs_param) != ext2fs_blocks_count(s))
                fprintf(stderr, _("warning: %llu blocks unused.\n\n"),
                       ext2fs_blocks_count(&fs_param) - ext2fs_blocks_count(s));
@@ -631,11 +705,14 @@ static void show_stats(ext2_filsys fs)
                       s->s_blocks_per_group, s->s_clusters_per_group);
        printf(_("%u inodes per group\n"), s->s_inodes_per_group);
 
+skip_details:
        if (fs->group_desc_count == 1) {
                printf("\n");
                return;
        }
 
+       if (!e2p_is_null_uuid(s->s_uuid))
+               printf(_("Filesystem UUID: %s\n"), e2p_uuid2str(s->s_uuid));
        printf("%s", _("Superblock backups stored on blocks: "));
        group_block = s->s_first_data_block;
        col_left = 0;
@@ -754,6 +831,19 @@ static void parse_extended_opts(struct ext2_super_block *param,
                                continue;
                        }
                        param->s_desc_size = desc_size;
+               } else if (strcmp(token, "offset") == 0) {
+                       if (!arg) {
+                               r_usage++;
+                               badopt = token;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       offset = strtoull(arg, &p, 0);
+                       if (*p) {
+                               fprintf(stderr, _("Invalid offset: %s\n"),
+                                       arg);
+                               r_usage++;
+                               continue;
+                       }
                } else if (strcmp(token, "mmp_update_interval") == 0) {
                        if (!arg) {
                                r_usage++;
@@ -768,6 +858,28 @@ static void parse_extended_opts(struct ext2_super_block *param,
                                r_usage++;
                                continue;
                        }
+               } else if (strcmp(token, "num_backup_sb") == 0) {
+                       if (!arg) {
+                               r_usage++;
+                               badopt = token;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       num_backups = strtoul(arg, &p, 0);
+                       if (*p || num_backups > 2) {
+                               fprintf(stderr,
+                                       _("Invalid # of backup "
+                                         "superblocks: %s\n"),
+                                       arg);
+                               r_usage++;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+               } else if (strcmp(token, "packed_meta_blocks") == 0) {
+                       if (arg)
+                               packed_meta_blocks = strtoul(arg, &p, 0);
+                       else
+                               packed_meta_blocks = 1;
+                       if (packed_meta_blocks)
+                               journal_location = 0;
                } else if (strcmp(token, "stride") == 0) {
                        if (!arg) {
                                r_usage++;
@@ -923,9 +1035,13 @@ static void parse_extended_opts(struct ext2_super_block *param,
                        "and may take an argument which\n"
                        "\tis set off by an equals ('=') sign.\n\n"
                        "Valid extended options are:\n"
+                       "\tmmp_update_interval=<interval>\n"
+                       "\tnum_backup_sb=<0|1|2>\n"
                        "\tstride=<RAID per-disk data chunk in blocks>\n"
                        "\tstripe-width=<RAID stride * data disks in blocks>\n"
+                       "\toffset=<offset to create the file system>\n"
                        "\tresize=<resize maximum size in blocks>\n"
+                       "\tpacked_meta_blocks=<0 to disable, 1 to enable>\n"
                        "\tlazy_itable_init=<0 to disable, 1 to enable>\n"
                        "\tlazy_journal_init=<0 to disable, 1 to enable>\n"
                        "\troot_uid=<uid of root directory>\n"
@@ -952,7 +1068,8 @@ static __u32 ok_features[3] = {
        EXT3_FEATURE_COMPAT_HAS_JOURNAL |
                EXT2_FEATURE_COMPAT_RESIZE_INODE |
                EXT2_FEATURE_COMPAT_DIR_INDEX |
-               EXT2_FEATURE_COMPAT_EXT_ATTR,
+               EXT2_FEATURE_COMPAT_EXT_ATTR |
+               EXT4_FEATURE_COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER2,
        /* Incompat */
        EXT2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_FILETYPE|
                EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_EXTENTS|
@@ -960,7 +1077,9 @@ static __u32 ok_features[3] = {
                EXT2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_META_BG|
                EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_FLEX_BG|
                EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_MMP |
-               EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_64BIT,
+               EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_64BIT|
+               EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_INLINE_DATA|
+               EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_ENCRYPT,
        /* R/O compat */
        EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_LARGE_FILE|
                EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_HUGE_FILE|
@@ -969,9 +1088,7 @@ static __u32 ok_features[3] = {
                EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER|
                EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_GDT_CSUM|
                EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_BIGALLOC|
-#ifdef CONFIG_QUOTA
                EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_QUOTA|
-#endif
                EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_METADATA_CSUM
 };
 
@@ -1205,7 +1322,7 @@ static char **parse_fs_type(const char *fs_type,
        return (list.list);
 }
 
-static char *get_string_from_profile(char **types, const char *opt,
+char *get_string_from_profile(char **types, const char *opt,
                                     const char *def_val)
 {
        char *ret = 0;
@@ -1222,7 +1339,7 @@ static char *get_string_from_profile(char **types, const char *opt,
        return (ret);
 }
 
-static int get_int_from_profile(char **types, const char *opt, int def_val)
+int get_int_from_profile(char **types, const char *opt, int def_val)
 {
        int ret;
        char **cpp;
@@ -1233,6 +1350,18 @@ static int get_int_from_profile(char **types, const char *opt, int def_val)
        return ret;
 }
 
+static unsigned int get_uint_from_profile(char **types, const char *opt,
+                                       unsigned int def_val)
+{
+       unsigned int ret;
+       char **cpp;
+
+       profile_get_uint(profile, "defaults", opt, 0, def_val, &ret);
+       for (cpp = types; *cpp; cpp++)
+               profile_get_uint(profile, "fs_types", *cpp, opt, ret, &ret);
+       return ret;
+}
+
 static double get_double_from_profile(char **types, const char *opt,
                                      double def_val)
 {
@@ -1245,7 +1374,7 @@ static double get_double_from_profile(char **types, const char *opt,
        return ret;
 }
 
-static int get_bool_from_profile(char **types, const char *opt, int def_val)
+int get_bool_from_profile(char **types, const char *opt, int def_val)
 {
        int ret;
        char **cpp;
@@ -1265,11 +1394,11 @@ static const char *default_files[] = { "<default>", 0 };
  * device's alignment offset, if any, or a negative error.
  */
 static int get_device_geometry(const char *file,
-                              struct ext2_super_block *fs_param,
-                              int psector_size)
+                              struct ext2_super_block *param,
+                              unsigned int psector_size)
 {
        int rc = -1;
-       int blocksize;
+       unsigned int blocksize;
        blkid_probe pr;
        blkid_topology tp;
        unsigned long min_io;
@@ -1290,7 +1419,7 @@ static int get_device_geometry(const char *file,
 
        min_io = blkid_topology_get_minimum_io_size(tp);
        opt_io = blkid_topology_get_optimal_io_size(tp);
-       blocksize = EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(fs_param);
+       blocksize = EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(param);
        if ((min_io == 0) && (psector_size > blocksize))
                min_io = psector_size;
        if ((opt_io == 0) && min_io)
@@ -1300,9 +1429,9 @@ static int get_device_geometry(const char *file,
 
        /* setting stripe/stride to blocksize is pointless */
        if (min_io > blocksize)
-               fs_param->s_raid_stride = min_io / blocksize;
+               param->s_raid_stride = min_io / blocksize;
        if (opt_io > blocksize)
-               fs_param->s_raid_stripe_width = opt_io / blocksize;
+               param->s_raid_stripe_width = opt_io / blocksize;
 
        rc = blkid_topology_get_alignment_offset(tp);
 out:
@@ -1313,7 +1442,7 @@ out:
 
 static void PRS(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
-       int             b, c;
+       int             b, c, flags;
        int             cluster_size = 0;
        char            *tmp, **cpp;
        int             blocksize = 0;
@@ -1322,14 +1451,13 @@ static void PRS(int argc, char *argv[])
        unsigned long   flex_bg_size = 0;
        double          reserved_ratio = -1.0;
        int             lsector_size = 0, psector_size = 0;
-       int             show_version_only = 0;
+       int             show_version_only = 0, is_device = 0;
        unsigned long long num_inodes = 0; /* unsigned long long to catch too-large input */
        errcode_t       retval;
        char *          oldpath = getenv("PATH");
        char *          extended_opts = 0;
        char *          fs_type = 0;
        char *          usage_types = 0;
-       blk64_t         dev_size;
        /*
         * NOTE: A few words about fs_blocks_count and blocksize:
         *
@@ -1346,9 +1474,6 @@ static void PRS(int argc, char *argv[])
         * Finally, we complain about fs_blocks_count > 2^32 on a non-64bit fs.
         */
        blk64_t         fs_blocks_count = 0;
-#ifdef __linux__
-       struct          utsname ut;
-#endif
        long            sysval;
        int             s_opt = -1, r_opt = -1;
        char            *fs_features = 0;
@@ -1414,15 +1539,8 @@ profile_error:
        memset(&fs_param, 0, sizeof(struct ext2_super_block));
        fs_param.s_rev_level = 1;  /* Create revision 1 filesystems now */
 
-#ifdef __linux__
-       if (uname(&ut)) {
-               perror("uname");
-               exit(1);
-       }
-       linux_version_code = parse_version_number(ut.release);
-       if (linux_version_code && linux_version_code < (2*65536 + 2*256))
+       if (is_before_linux_ver(2, 2, 0))
                fs_param.s_rev_level = 0;
-#endif
 
        if (argc && *argv) {
                program_name = get_progname(*argv);
@@ -1434,7 +1552,7 @@ profile_error:
        }
 
        while ((c = getopt (argc, argv,
-                   "b:cg:i:jl:m:no:qr:s:t:vC:DE:FG:I:J:KL:M:N:O:R:ST:U:V")) != EOF) {
+                   "b:ce:g:i:jl:m:no:qr:s:t:d:vC:DE:FG:I:J:KL:M:N:O:R:ST:U:Vz:")) != EOF) {
                switch (c) {
                case 'b':
                        blocksize = parse_num_blocks2(optarg, -1);
@@ -1477,6 +1595,20 @@ profile_error:
                case 'E':
                        extended_opts = optarg;
                        break;
+               case 'e':
+                       if (strcmp(optarg, "continue") == 0)
+                               errors_behavior = EXT2_ERRORS_CONTINUE;
+                       else if (strcmp(optarg, "remount-ro") == 0)
+                               errors_behavior = EXT2_ERRORS_RO;
+                       else if (strcmp(optarg, "panic") == 0)
+                               errors_behavior = EXT2_ERRORS_PANIC;
+                       else {
+                               com_err(program_name, 0,
+                                       _("bad error behavior - %s"),
+                                       optarg);
+                               usage();
+                       }
+                       break;
                case 'F':
                        force++;
                        break;
@@ -1506,6 +1638,12 @@ profile_error:
                                        _("flex_bg size must be a power of 2"));
                                exit(1);
                        }
+                       if (flex_bg_size > MAX_32_NUM) {
+                               com_err(program_name, 0,
+                               _("flex_bg size (%lu) must be less than"
+                               " or equal to 2^31"), flex_bg_size);
+                               exit(1);
+                       }
                        break;
                case 'i':
                        inode_ratio = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0);
@@ -1595,6 +1733,11 @@ profile_error:
                                        _("bad revision level - %s"), optarg);
                                exit(1);
                        }
+                       if (r_opt > EXT2_MAX_SUPP_REV) {
+                               com_err(program_name, EXT2_ET_REV_TOO_HIGH,
+                                       _("while trying to create revision %d"), r_opt);
+                               exit(1);
+                       }
                        fs_param.s_rev_level = r_opt;
                        break;
                case 's':       /* deprecated */
@@ -1622,6 +1765,9 @@ profile_error:
                case 'U':
                        fs_uuid = optarg;
                        break;
+               case 'd':
+                       root_dir = optarg;
+                       break;
                case 'v':
                        verbose = 1;
                        break;
@@ -1629,6 +1775,9 @@ profile_error:
                        /* Print version number and exit */
                        show_version_only++;
                        break;
+               case 'z':
+                       undo_file = optarg;
+                       break;
                default:
                        usage();
                }
@@ -1682,7 +1831,7 @@ profile_error:
                printf(_("Using journal device's blocksize: %d\n"), blocksize);
                fs_param.s_log_block_size =
                        int_log2(blocksize >> EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_LOG_SIZE);
-               ext2fs_close(jfs);
+               ext2fs_close_free(&jfs);
        }
 
        if (optind < argc) {
@@ -1698,8 +1847,20 @@ profile_error:
        if (optind < argc)
                usage();
 
-       if (!force)
-               check_plausibility(device_name);
+       profile_get_integer(profile, "options", "proceed_delay", 0, 0,
+                           &proceed_delay);
+
+       /* The isatty() test is so we don't break existing scripts */
+       flags = CREATE_FILE;
+       if (isatty(0) && isatty(1))
+               flags |= CHECK_FS_EXIST;
+       if (!quiet)
+               flags |= VERBOSE_CREATE;
+       if (fs_blocks_count == 0)
+               flags |= NO_SIZE;
+       if (!check_plausibility(device_name, flags, &is_device) && !force)
+               proceed_question(proceed_delay);
+
        check_mount(device_name, force, _("filesystem"));
 
        /* Determine the size of the device (if possible) */
@@ -1741,10 +1902,10 @@ profile_error:
                                fs_blocks_count &= ~((blk64_t) ((sys_page_size /
                                             EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&fs_param))-1));
                }
-       } else if (!force && (fs_blocks_count > dev_size)) {
+       } else if (!force && is_device && (fs_blocks_count > dev_size)) {
                com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
                        _("Filesystem larger than apparent device size."));
-               proceed_question();
+               proceed_question(proceed_delay);
        }
 
        if (!fs_type)
@@ -1772,7 +1933,7 @@ profile_error:
        tmp = NULL;
        if (fs_param.s_rev_level != EXT2_GOOD_OLD_REV) {
                tmp = get_string_from_profile(fs_types, "base_features",
-                     "sparse_super,filetype,resize_inode,dir_index");
+                     "sparse_super,large_file,filetype,resize_inode,dir_index");
                edit_feature(tmp, &fs_param.s_feature_compat);
                free(tmp);
 
@@ -1812,20 +1973,20 @@ profile_error:
        if (for_hurd(creator_os)) {
                if (fs_param.s_feature_incompat &
                    EXT2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_FILETYPE) {
-                       fprintf(stderr, _("The HURD does not support the "
-                                         "filetype feature.\n"));
+                       fprintf(stderr, "%s", _("The HURD does not support the "
+                                               "filetype feature.\n"));
                        exit(1);
                }
                if (fs_param.s_feature_ro_compat &
                    EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_HUGE_FILE) {
-                       fprintf(stderr, _("The HURD does not support the "
-                                         "huge_file feature.\n"));
+                       fprintf(stderr, "%s", _("The HURD does not support the "
+                                               "huge_file feature.\n"));
                        exit(1);
                }
                if (fs_param.s_feature_ro_compat &
                    EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_METADATA_CSUM) {
-                       fprintf(stderr, _("The HURD does not support the "
-                                         "metadata_csum feature.\n"));
+                       fprintf(stderr, "%s", _("The HURD does not support the "
+                                               "metadata_csum feature.\n"));
                        exit(1);
                }
        }
@@ -1860,8 +2021,7 @@ profile_error:
 
                if (use_bsize == -1) {
                        use_bsize = sys_page_size;
-                       if ((linux_version_code < (2*65536 + 6*256)) &&
-                           (use_bsize > 4096))
+                       if (is_before_linux_ver(2, 6, 0) && use_bsize > 4096)
                                use_bsize = 4096;
                }
                if (lsector_size && use_bsize < lsector_size)
@@ -1892,6 +2052,9 @@ profile_error:
         * 32-bit vs 64-bit block number support.
         */
        if ((fs_blocks_count > MAX_32_NUM) &&
+           (fs_param.s_feature_incompat & EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_64BIT))
+               fs_param.s_feature_compat &= ~EXT2_FEATURE_COMPAT_RESIZE_INODE;
+       if ((fs_blocks_count > MAX_32_NUM) &&
            !(fs_param.s_feature_incompat & EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_64BIT) &&
            get_bool_from_profile(fs_types, "auto_64-bit_support", 0)) {
                fs_param.s_feature_incompat |= EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_64BIT;
@@ -1967,7 +2130,8 @@ profile_error:
                reserved_ratio = 0;
                fs_param.s_feature_incompat = EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_JOURNAL_DEV;
                fs_param.s_feature_compat = 0;
-               fs_param.s_feature_ro_compat = 0;
+               fs_param.s_feature_ro_compat &=
+                                       EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_METADATA_CSUM;
        }
 
        /* Check the user's mkfs options for 64bit */
@@ -2015,7 +2179,8 @@ profile_error:
        }
 
 #ifdef HAVE_BLKID_PROBE_GET_TOPOLOGY
-       retval = get_device_geometry(device_name, &fs_param, psector_size);
+       retval = get_device_geometry(device_name, &fs_param,
+                                    (unsigned int) psector_size);
        if (retval < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr,
                        _("warning: Unable to get device geometry for %s\n"),
@@ -2028,6 +2193,8 @@ profile_error:
        }
 #endif
 
+       num_backups = get_int_from_profile(fs_types, "num_backup_sb", 2);
+
        blocksize = EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&fs_param);
 
        /*
@@ -2044,14 +2211,30 @@ profile_error:
                        com_err(program_name, 0,
                                _("%d-byte blocks too big for system (max %d)"),
                                blocksize, sys_page_size);
-                       proceed_question();
+                       proceed_question(proceed_delay);
                }
                fprintf(stderr, _("Warning: %d-byte blocks too big for system "
                                  "(max %d), forced to continue\n"),
                        blocksize, sys_page_size);
        }
 
-       lazy_itable_init = 0;
+       /* Metadata checksumming wasn't totally stable before 3.18. */
+       if (is_before_linux_ver(3, 18, 0) &&
+           (fs_param.s_feature_ro_compat &
+                                       EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_METADATA_CSUM))
+               fprintf(stderr, _("Suggestion: Use Linux kernel >= 3.18 for "
+                       "improved stability of the metadata and journal "
+                       "checksum features.\n"));
+
+       /*
+        * On newer kernels we do have lazy_itable_init support. So pick the
+        * right default in case ext4 module is not loaded.
+        */
+       if (is_before_linux_ver(2, 6, 37))
+               lazy_itable_init = 0;
+       else
+               lazy_itable_init = 1;
+
        if (access("/sys/fs/ext4/features/lazy_itable_init", R_OK) == 0)
                lazy_itable_init = 1;
 
@@ -2064,6 +2247,20 @@ profile_error:
                                               EXT2_MKJOURNAL_LAZYINIT : 0;
        journal_flags |= EXT2_MKJOURNAL_NO_MNT_CHECK;
 
+       if (!journal_location_string)
+               journal_location_string = get_string_from_profile(fs_types,
+                                               "journal_location", "");
+       if ((journal_location == ~0ULL) && journal_location_string &&
+           *journal_location_string)
+               journal_location = parse_num_blocks2(journal_location_string,
+                                               fs_param.s_log_block_size);
+       free(journal_location_string);
+
+       packed_meta_blocks = get_bool_from_profile(fs_types,
+                                                  "packed_meta_blocks", 0);
+       if (packed_meta_blocks)
+               journal_location = 0;
+
        /* Get options from profile */
        for (cpp = fs_types; *cpp; cpp++) {
                tmp = NULL;
@@ -2108,14 +2305,8 @@ profile_error:
                                  "See https://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/"
                                  "index.php/Bigalloc for more information\n\n"));
 
-       if (!quiet &&
-           (fs_param.s_feature_ro_compat & EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_QUOTA))
-               fprintf(stderr, "%s", _("\nWarning: the quota feature is "
-                                 "still under development\n"
-                                 "See https://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/"
-                                 "index.php/Quota for more information\n\n"));
-
-       /* Since sparse_super is the default, we would only have a problem
+       /*
+        * Since sparse_super is the default, we would only have a problem
         * here if it was explicitly disabled.
         */
        if ((fs_param.s_feature_compat & EXT2_FEATURE_COMPAT_RESIZE_INODE) &&
@@ -2148,8 +2339,8 @@ profile_error:
                inode_size = get_int_from_profile(fs_types, "inode_size", 0);
        if (!flex_bg_size && (fs_param.s_feature_incompat &
                              EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_FLEX_BG))
-               flex_bg_size = get_int_from_profile(fs_types,
-                                                   "flex_bg_size", 16);
+               flex_bg_size = get_uint_from_profile(fs_types,
+                                                    "flex_bg_size", 16);
        if (flex_bg_size) {
                if (!(fs_param.s_feature_incompat &
                      EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_FLEX_BG)) {
@@ -2174,6 +2365,20 @@ profile_error:
                fs_param.s_inode_size = inode_size;
        }
 
+       /*
+        * If inode size is 128 and inline data is enabled, we need
+        * to notify users that inline data will never be useful.
+        */
+       if ((fs_param.s_feature_incompat &
+            EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_INLINE_DATA) &&
+           fs_param.s_inode_size == EXT2_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE) {
+               com_err(program_name, 0,
+                       _("%d byte inodes are too small for inline data; "
+                         "specify larger size"),
+                       fs_param.s_inode_size);
+               exit(1);
+       }
+
        /* Make sure number of inodes specified will fit in 32 bits */
        if (num_inodes == 0) {
                unsigned long long n;
@@ -2222,6 +2427,13 @@ profile_error:
        ext2fs_r_blocks_count_set(&fs_param, reserved_ratio *
                                  ext2fs_blocks_count(&fs_param) / 100.0);
 
+       if (fs_param.s_feature_compat & EXT4_FEATURE_COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER2) {
+               if (num_backups >= 1)
+                       fs_param.s_backup_bgs[0] = 1;
+               if (num_backups >= 2)
+                       fs_param.s_backup_bgs[1] = ~0;
+       }
+
        free(fs_type);
        free(usage_types);
 }
@@ -2285,6 +2497,21 @@ static int mke2fs_setup_tdb(const char *name, io_manager *io_ptr)
        char *dev_name, *tmp_name;
        int free_tdb_dir = 0;
 
+       /* (re)open a specific undo file */
+       if (undo_file && undo_file[0] != 0) {
+               retval = set_undo_io_backing_manager(*io_ptr);
+               if (retval)
+                       goto err;
+               *io_ptr = undo_io_manager;
+               retval = set_undo_io_backup_file(undo_file);
+               if (retval)
+                       goto err;
+               printf(_("Overwriting existing filesystem; this can be undone "
+                        "using the command:\n"
+                        "    e2undo %s %s\n\n"), undo_file, name);
+               return retval;
+       }
+
        /*
         * Configuration via a conf file would be
         * nice
@@ -2316,14 +2543,16 @@ static int mke2fs_setup_tdb(const char *name, io_manager *io_ptr)
        sprintf(tdb_file, "%s/mke2fs-%s.e2undo", tdb_dir, dev_name);
        free(tmp_name);
 
-       if (!access(tdb_file, F_OK)) {
-               if (unlink(tdb_file) < 0) {
-                       retval = errno;
-                       goto errout;
-               }
+       if ((unlink(tdb_file) < 0) && (errno != ENOENT)) {
+               retval = errno;
+               com_err(program_name, retval,
+                       _("while trying to delete %s"), tdb_file);
+               goto errout;
        }
 
-       set_undo_io_backing_manager(*io_ptr);
+       retval = set_undo_io_backing_manager(*io_ptr);
+       if (retval)
+               goto errout;
        *io_ptr = undo_io_manager;
        retval = set_undo_io_backup_file(tdb_file);
        if (retval)
@@ -2341,6 +2570,7 @@ errout:
        if (free_tdb_dir)
                free(tdb_dir);
        free(tdb_file);
+err:
        com_err(program_name, retval, "%s",
                _("while trying to setup undo file\n"));
        return retval;
@@ -2396,30 +2626,43 @@ static int mke2fs_discard_device(ext2_filsys fs)
 
 static void fix_cluster_bg_counts(ext2_filsys fs)
 {
-       blk64_t cluster, num_clusters, tot_free;
-       unsigned num = 0;
-       int     grp_free, num_free, group;
-
-       num_clusters = EXT2FS_B2C(fs, ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super));
-       tot_free = num_free = group = grp_free = 0;
-       for (cluster = EXT2FS_B2C(fs, fs->super->s_first_data_block);
-            cluster < num_clusters; cluster++) {
-               if (!ext2fs_test_block_bitmap2(fs->block_map,
-                                              EXT2FS_C2B(fs, cluster))) {
-                       grp_free++;
-                       tot_free++;
+       blk64_t         block, num_blocks, last_block, next;
+       blk64_t         tot_free = 0;
+       errcode_t       retval;
+       dgrp_t          group = 0;
+       int             grp_free = 0;
+
+       num_blocks = ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super);
+       last_block = ext2fs_group_last_block2(fs, group);
+       block = fs->super->s_first_data_block;
+       while (block < num_blocks) {
+               retval = ext2fs_find_first_zero_block_bitmap2(fs->block_map,
+                                               block, last_block, &next);
+               if (retval == 0)
+                       block = next;
+               else {
+                       block = last_block + 1;
+                       goto next_bg;
                }
-               num++;
-               if ((num == fs->super->s_clusters_per_group) ||
-                   (cluster == num_clusters-1)) {
+
+               retval = ext2fs_find_first_set_block_bitmap2(fs->block_map,
+                                               block, last_block, &next);
+               if (retval)
+                       next = last_block + 1;
+               grp_free += EXT2FS_NUM_B2C(fs, next - block);
+               tot_free += next - block;
+               block = next;
+
+               if (block > last_block) {
+               next_bg:
                        ext2fs_bg_free_blocks_count_set(fs, group, grp_free);
                        ext2fs_group_desc_csum_set(fs, group);
-                       num = 0;
                        grp_free = 0;
                        group++;
+                       last_block = ext2fs_group_last_block2(fs, group);
                }
        }
-       ext2fs_free_blocks_count_set(fs->super, EXT2FS_C2B(fs, tot_free));
+       ext2fs_free_blocks_count_set(fs->super, tot_free);
 }
 
 static int create_quota_inodes(ext2_filsys fs)
@@ -2434,19 +2677,51 @@ static int create_quota_inodes(ext2_filsys fs)
        return 0;
 }
 
+static errcode_t set_error_behavior(ext2_filsys fs)
+{
+       char    *arg = NULL;
+       short   errors = fs->super->s_errors;
+
+       arg = get_string_from_profile(fs_types, "errors", NULL);
+       if (arg == NULL)
+               goto try_user;
+
+       if (strcmp(arg, "continue") == 0)
+               errors = EXT2_ERRORS_CONTINUE;
+       else if (strcmp(arg, "remount-ro") == 0)
+               errors = EXT2_ERRORS_RO;
+       else if (strcmp(arg, "panic") == 0)
+               errors = EXT2_ERRORS_PANIC;
+       else {
+               com_err(program_name, 0,
+                       _("bad error behavior in profile - %s"),
+                       arg);
+               free(arg);
+               return EXT2_ET_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+       }
+       free(arg);
+
+try_user:
+       if (errors_behavior)
+               errors = errors_behavior;
+
+       fs->super->s_errors = errors;
+       return 0;
+}
+
 int main (int argc, char *argv[])
 {
        errcode_t       retval = 0;
        ext2_filsys     fs;
        badblocks_list  bb_list = 0;
-       unsigned int    journal_blocks;
+       unsigned int    journal_blocks = 0;
        unsigned int    i, checkinterval;
        int             max_mnt_count;
        int             val, hash_alg;
        int             flags;
        int             old_bitmaps;
        io_manager      io_ptr;
-       char            tdb_string[40];
+       char            opt_string[40];
        char            *hash_alg_str;
        int             itable_zeroed = 0;
 
@@ -2467,7 +2742,7 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
 #endif
                io_ptr = unix_io_manager;
 
-       if (should_do_undo(device_name)) {
+       if (undo_file != NULL || should_do_undo(device_name)) {
                retval = mke2fs_setup_tdb(device_name, &io_ptr);
                if (retval)
                        exit(1);
@@ -2498,23 +2773,32 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
        }
        fs->progress_ops = &ext2fs_numeric_progress_ops;
 
+       /* Set the error behavior */
+       retval = set_error_behavior(fs);
+       if (retval)
+               usage();
+
        /* Check the user's mkfs options for metadata checksumming */
        if (!quiet &&
+           !EXT2_HAS_INCOMPAT_FEATURE(fs->super,
+                                      EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_JOURNAL_DEV) &&
            EXT2_HAS_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(fs->super,
                                       EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_METADATA_CSUM)) {
                if (!EXT2_HAS_INCOMPAT_FEATURE(fs->super,
                                EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_EXTENTS))
-                       printf(_("Extents are not enabled.  The file extent "
+                       printf("%s",
+                              _("Extents are not enabled.  The file extent "
                                 "tree can be checksummed, whereas block maps "
                                 "cannot.  Not enabling extents reduces the "
                                 "coverage of metadata checksumming.  "
                                 "Pass -O extents to rectify.\n"));
                if (!EXT2_HAS_INCOMPAT_FEATURE(fs->super,
                                EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_64BIT))
-                       printf(_("64-bit filesystem support is not "
-                                "enabled.  The larger fields afforded by "
-                                "this feature enable full-strength "
-                                "checksumming.  Pass -O 64bit to rectify.\n"));
+                       printf("%s",
+                              _("64-bit filesystem support is not enabled.  "
+                                "The larger fields afforded by this feature "
+                                "enable full-strength checksumming.  "
+                                "Pass -O 64bit to rectify.\n"));
        }
 
        /* Calculate journal blocks */
@@ -2524,7 +2808,7 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
                journal_blocks = figure_journal_size(journal_size, fs);
 
        /* Can't undo discard ... */
-       if (!noaction && discard && (io_ptr != undo_io_manager)) {
+       if (!noaction && discard && dev_size && (io_ptr != undo_io_manager)) {
                retval = mke2fs_discard_device(fs);
                if (!retval && io_channel_discard_zeroes_data(fs->io)) {
                        if (verbose)
@@ -2533,12 +2817,17 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
                                         "0s - skipping inode table wipe\n"));
                        lazy_itable_init = 1;
                        itable_zeroed = 1;
+                       zero_hugefile = 0;
                }
        }
 
-       sprintf(tdb_string, "tdb_data_size=%d", fs->blocksize <= 4096 ?
+       sprintf(opt_string, "tdb_data_size=%d", fs->blocksize <= 4096 ?
                32768 : fs->blocksize * 8);
-       io_channel_set_options(fs->io, tdb_string);
+       io_channel_set_options(fs->io, opt_string);
+       if (offset) {
+               sprintf(opt_string, "offset=%llu", offset);
+               io_channel_set_options(fs->io, opt_string);
+       }
 
        if (fs_param.s_flags & EXT2_FLAGS_TEST_FILESYS)
                fs->super->s_flags |= EXT2_FLAGS_TEST_FILESYS;
@@ -2646,6 +2935,15 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
                        sizeof(fs->super->s_last_mounted));
        }
 
+       /* Set current default encryption algorithms for data and
+        * filename encryption */
+       if (fs->super->s_feature_incompat & EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_ENCRYPT) {
+               fs->super->s_encrypt_algos[0] =
+                       EXT4_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_XTS;
+               fs->super->s_encrypt_algos[1] =
+                       EXT4_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_CTS;
+       }
+
        if (EXT2_HAS_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(fs->super,
                                       EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_METADATA_CSUM))
                fs->super->s_checksum_type = EXT2_CRC32C_CHKSUM;
@@ -2659,19 +2957,24 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
        if (fs->super->s_feature_incompat &
            EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_JOURNAL_DEV) {
                create_journal_dev(fs);
-               exit(ext2fs_close(fs) ? 1 : 0);
+               printf("\n");
+               exit(ext2fs_close_free(&fs) ? 1 : 0);
        }
 
        if (bad_blocks_filename)
                read_bb_file(fs, &bb_list, bad_blocks_filename);
        if (cflag)
                test_disk(fs, &bb_list);
-
        handle_bad_blocks(fs, bb_list);
+
        fs->stride = fs_stride = fs->super->s_raid_stride;
        if (!quiet)
                printf("%s", _("Allocating group tables: "));
-       retval = ext2fs_allocate_tables(fs);
+       if ((fs->super->s_feature_incompat & EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_FLEX_BG) &&
+           packed_meta_blocks)
+               retval = packed_allocate_tables(fs);
+       else
+               retval = ext2fs_allocate_tables(fs);
        if (retval) {
                com_err(program_name, retval, "%s",
                        _("while trying to allocate filesystem tables"));
@@ -2688,9 +2991,14 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
        }
 
        if (super_only) {
+               check_plausibility(device_name, CHECK_FS_EXIST, NULL);
+               printf(_("%s may be further corrupted by superblock rewrite\n"),
+                      device_name);
+               if (!force)
+                       proceed_question(proceed_delay);
                fs->super->s_state |= EXT2_ERROR_FS;
                fs->flags &= ~(EXT2_FLAG_IB_DIRTY|EXT2_FLAG_BB_DIRTY);
-               /* 
+               /*
                 * The command "mke2fs -S" is used to recover
                 * corrupted file systems, so do not mark any of the
                 * inodes as unused; we want e2fsck to consider all
@@ -2748,8 +3056,9 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
        if (journal_device) {
                ext2_filsys     jfs;
 
-               if (!force)
-                       check_plausibility(journal_device);
+               if (!check_plausibility(journal_device, CHECK_BLOCK_DEV,
+                                       NULL) && !force)
+                       proceed_question(proceed_delay);
                check_mount(journal_device, force, _("journal"));
 
                retval = ext2fs_open(journal_device, EXT2_FLAG_RW|
@@ -2775,7 +3084,7 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
                }
                if (!quiet)
                        printf("%s", _("done\n"));
-               ext2fs_close(jfs);
+               ext2fs_close_free(&jfs);
                free(journal_device);
        } else if ((journal_size) ||
                   (fs_param.s_feature_compat &
@@ -2796,8 +3105,9 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
                               journal_blocks);
                        fflush(stdout);
                }
-               retval = ext2fs_add_journal_inode(fs, journal_blocks,
-                                                 journal_flags);
+               retval = ext2fs_add_journal_inode2(fs, journal_blocks,
+                                                  journal_location,
+                                                  journal_flags);
                if (retval) {
                        com_err(program_name, retval, "%s",
                                _("\n\twhile trying to create journal"));
@@ -2829,12 +3139,30 @@ no_journal:
                                       EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_QUOTA))
                create_quota_inodes(fs);
 
+       retval = mk_hugefiles(fs, device_name);
+       if (retval)
+               com_err(program_name, retval, "while creating huge files");
+       /* Copy files from the specified directory */
+       if (root_dir) {
+               if (!quiet)
+                       printf("%s", _("Copying files into the device: "));
+
+               retval = populate_fs(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, root_dir,
+                                    EXT2_ROOT_INO);
+               if (retval) {
+                       com_err(program_name, retval, "%s",
+                               _("while populating file system"));
+                       exit(1);
+               } else if (!quiet)
+                       printf("%s", _("done\n"));
+       }
+
        if (!quiet)
                printf("%s", _("Writing superblocks and "
                       "filesystem accounting information: "));
        checkinterval = fs->super->s_checkinterval;
        max_mnt_count = fs->super->s_max_mnt_count;
-       retval = ext2fs_close(fs);
+       retval = ext2fs_close_free(&fs);
        if (retval) {
                fprintf(stderr, "%s",
                        _("\nWarning, had trouble writing out superblocks."));