data_source_device
]
[
+.B \-z
+.I undo_file
+]
+[
device
]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B debugfs
program is an interactive file system debugger. It can be used to
examine and change the state of an ext2, ext3, or ext4 file system.
-.br
+.PP
.I device
-is the special file corresponding to the device containing the
-file system (e.g /dev/hdXX).
+is a block device (e.g., /dev/sdXX) or a file containing the file system.
.SH OPTIONS
.TP
.I \-w
This includes data, directory, and indirect blocks.
.TP
.I -b blocksize
-Forces the use of the given block size for the file system, rather than
-detecting the correct block size as normal.
+Forces the use of the given block size (in bytes) for the file system,
+rather than detecting the correct block size automatically. (This
+option is rarely needed; it is used primarily when the file system is
+extremely badly damaged/corrupted.)
.TP
.I -s superblock
Causes the file system superblock to be read from the given block
.I -s
option, you must also provide the blocksize of the filesystem via the
.I -b
-option.
+option. (This
+option is rarely needed; it is used primarily when the file system is
+extremely badly damaged/corrupted.)
.TP
.I -f cmd_file
Causes
print the version number of
.B debugfs
and exit.
+.TP
+.BI \-z " undo_file"
+Before overwriting a file system block, write the old contents of the block to
+an undo file. This undo file can be used with e2undo(8) to restore the old
+contents of the file system should something go wrong. If the empty string is
+passed as the undo_file argument, the undo file will be written to a file named
+resize2fs-\fIdevice\fR.e2undo in the directory specified via the
+\fIE2FSPROGS_UNDO_DIR\fR environment variable.
+
+WARNING: The undo file cannot be used to recover from a power or system crash.
.SH SPECIFYING FILES
Many
.B debugfs
.B debugfs
supports.
.TP
-.BI blocks " filespace"
+.BI blocks " filespec"
Print the blocks used by the inode
.I filespec
to stdout.
.TP
-.BI bmap " filespec logical_block"
-Print the physical block number corresponding to the logical block number
+.BI bmap " [ -a ] filespec logical_block [physical_block]"
+Print or set the physical block number corresponding to the logical block number
.I logical_block
in the inode
.IR filespec .
+If the
+.I -a
+flag is specified, try to allocate a block if necessary.
.TP
.BI block_dump " [-f filespec] block_num"
Dump the filesystem block given by
Clear the contents of the inode
.IR filespec .
.TP
+.BI copy_inode " source_inode destination_inode"
+Copy the conents of the inode structure in
+.I source_inode
+and use it to overwrite the inode structure at
+.IR destination_inode .
+.TP
.BI dirsearch " filespec filename"
Search the directory
.I filespec
to match
.IR filespec .
.TP
-.B dump_mmp
-Display the multiple-mount protection (mmp) field values.
+.BI dump_mmp " [mmp_block]"
+Display the multiple-mount protection (mmp) field values. If
+.I mmp_block
+is specified then verify and dump the MMP values from the given block
+number, otherwise use the
+.B s_mmp_block
+field in the superblock to locate and use the existing MMP block.
.TP
.BI dx_hash " [-h hash_alg] [-s hash_seed] filename"
Calculate the directory hash of
may not necessarily by accurate and does not indicate a problem or
corruption in the file system.)
.TP
+.BI ea_get " [-f outfile] filespec attr_name"
+Retrieve the value of the extended attribute
+.I attr_name
+in the file
+.I filespec
+and write it either to stdout or to \fIoutfile\fR.
+.TP
+.BI ea_list " filespec
+List the extended attributes associated with the file
+.I filespec
+to standard output.
+.TP
+.BI ea_set " [-f infile] filespec attr_name attr_value
+Set the value of the extended attribute
+.I attr_name
+in the file
+.I filespec
+to the string value
+.I attr_value
+or read it from \fIinfile\fR.
+.TP
+.BI ea_rm " filespec attr_names...
+Remove the extended attribute
+.I attr_name
+from the file \fIfilespec\fR.
+.TP
.BI expand_dir " filespec"
Expand the directory
.IR filespec .
.TP
+.BI fallocate " filespec start_block [end_block]
+Allocate and map uninitialized blocks into \fIfilespec\fR between
+logical block \fIstart_block\fR and \fIend_block\fR, inclusive. If
+\fIend_block\fR is not supplied, this function maps until it runs out
+of free disk blocks or the maximum file size is reached. Existing
+mappings are left alone.
+.TP
.BI feature " [fs_feature] [-fs_feature] ..."
Set or clear various filesystem features in the superblock. After setting
or clearing any filesystem features that were requested, print the current
program. This is just a call to the low-level library, which sets up
the superblock and block descriptors.
.TP
+.BI journal_close
+Close the open journal.
+.TP
+.BI journal_open " [-c] [-v ver] [-j ext_jnl]
+Opens the journal for reading and writing. Journal checksumming can
+be enabled by supplying \fI-c\fR; checksum formats 2 and 3 can be
+selected with the \fI-v\fR option. An external journal can be loaded
+from \fIext_jnl\fR.
+.TP
+.BI journal_run
+Replay all transactions in the open journal.
+.TP
+.BI journal_write " [-b blocks] [-r revoke] [-c] file
+Write a transaction to the open journal. The list of blocks to write
+should be supplied as a comma-separated list in \fIblocks\fR; the
+blocks themselves should be readable from \fIfile\fR. A list of
+blocks to revoke can be supplied as a comma-separated list in
+\fIrevoke\fR. By default, a commit record is written at the end; the
+\fI-c\fR switch writes an uncommitted transaction.
+.TP
.BI kill_file " filespec"
Deallocate the inode
.I filespec
This can be used to try to track down journal problems even after the
journal has been replayed.
.TP
-.BI ls " [-l] [-c] [-d] [-p] filespec"
+.BI ls " [-l] [-c] [-d] [-p] [-r] filespec"
Print a listing of the files in the directory
.IR filespec .
The
flag will list the files in a format which is more easily parsable by
scripts, as well as making it more clear when there are spaces or other
non-printing characters at the end of filenames.
+The
+.I \-r
+flag will force the printing of the filename, even if it is encrypted.
.TP
.BI list_deleted_inodes " [limit]"
List deleted inodes, optionally limited to those deleted within
flag will enable checking the file type information in the directory
entry to make sure it matches the inode's type.
.TP
-.BI open " [-weficD] [-b blocksize] [-s superblock] device"
+.BI open " [-weficD] [-b blocksize] [-s superblock] [-z undo_file] device"
Open a filesystem for editing. The
.I -f
flag forces the filesystem to be opened even if there are some unknown
Quit
.B debugfs
.TP
-.BI rdump " directory destination"
+.BI rdump " directory[...] destination"
Recursively dump
-.I directory
+.IR directory ,
+or multiple
+.IR directories ,
and all its contents (including regular files, symbolic links, and other
directories) into the named
-.I destination
+.IR destination ,
which should be an existing directory on the native filesystem.
.TP
.BI rm " pathname"
.IR out_file .
.TP
.BI zap_block " [-f filespec] [-o offset] [-l length] [-p pattern] block_num"
-.TP
Overwrite the block specified by
.I block_num
with zero (NUL) bytes, or if
git://git.whamcloud.com / tools / e2fsprogs.git / blobdiff