misc/mke2fs.c

   1 /*
   2  * mke2fs.c - Make a ext2fs filesystem.
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997 Theodore Ts'o.
   5  *
   6  * %Begin-Header%
   7  * This file may be redistributed under the terms of the GNU Public
   8  * License.
   9  * %End-Header%
  10  */
  11
  12 /* Usage: mke2fs [options] device
  13  *
  14  * The device may be a block device or a image of one, but this isn't
  15  * enforced (but it's not much fun on a character device :-).
  16  */
  17
  18 #include <stdio.h>
  19 #include <string.h>
  20 #include <fcntl.h>
  21 #include <ctype.h>
  22 #include <termios.h>
  23 #include <time.h>
  24 #ifdef HAVE_GETOPT_H
  25 #include <getopt.h>
  26 #endif
  27 #ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
  28 #include <unistd.h>
  29 #endif
  30 #ifdef HAVE_STDLIB_H
  31 #include <stdlib.h>
  32 #endif
  33 #ifdef HAVE_ERRNO_H
  34 #include <errno.h>
  35 #endif
  36 #ifdef HAVE_MNTENT_H
  37 #include <mntent.h>
  38 #endif
  39 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  40 #include <sys/types.h>
  41 #include <sys/stat.h>
  42
  43 #ifdef HAVE_LINUX_FS_H
  44 #include <linux/fs.h>
  45 #endif
  46 #include <linux/ext2_fs.h>
  47 #ifdef HAVE_LINUX_MAJOR_H
  48 #include <linux/major.h>
  49 #endif
  50
  51 #include "et/com_err.h"
  52 #include "uuid/uuid.h"
  53 #include "ext2fs/ext2fs.h"
  54 #include "../version.h"
  55
  56 /* Everything is STDC, these days */
  57 #define NOARGS void
  58
  59 #define STRIDE_LENGTH 8
  60
  61 #ifndef sparc
  62 #define ZAP_BOOTBLOCK
  63 #endif
  64
  65 extern int isatty(int);
  66 extern FILE *fpopen(const char *cmd, const char *mode);
  67
  68 const char * program_name = "mke2fs";
  69 const char * device_name = NULL;
  70
  71 /* Command line options */
  72 int     cflag = 0;
  73 int     verbose = 0;
  74 int     quiet = 0;
  75 int     super_only = 0;
  76 int     force = 0;
  77 char    *bad_blocks_filename = 0;
  78 __u32   fs_stride = 0;
  79
  80 struct ext2_super_block param;
  81 char *creator_os = NULL;
  82 char *volume_label = NULL;
  83 char *mount_dir = NULL;
  84
  85 static void usage(NOARGS), check_plausibility(NOARGS), check_mount(NOARGS);
  86
  87 static void usage(NOARGS)
  88 {
  89         fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [-c|-t|-l filename] [-b block-size] "
  90         "[-f fragment-size]\n\t[-i bytes-per-inode] "
  91         "[-m reserved-blocks-percentage] [-qvSV]\n\t"
  92         "[-o creator-os] [-g blocks-per-group] [-L volume-label]\n\t"
  93         "[-M last-mounted-directory] [-r fs-revision] [-R raid_opts]\n\t"
  94         "device [blocks-count]\n",
  95                 program_name);
  96         exit(1);
  97 }
  98
  99 static int log2(int arg)
 100 {
 101         int     l = 0;
 102
 103         arg >>= 1;
 104         while (arg) {
 105                 l++;
 106                 arg >>= 1;
 107         }
 108         return l;
 109 }
 110
 111 static void proceed_question(NOARGS)
 112 {
 113         fflush(stdout);
 114         fflush(stderr);
 115         printf("Proceed anyway? (y,n) ");
 116         if (getchar() != 'y')
 117                 exit(1);
 118 }
 119
 120 static void check_plausibility(NOARGS)
 121 {
 122 #ifdef HAVE_LINUX_MAJOR_H
 123         int val;
 124         struct stat s;
 125
 126         val = stat(device_name, &s);
 127
 128         if(val == -1) {
 129                 fprintf(stderr, "Could not stat %s --- %s\n",
 130                         device_name, error_message(errno));
 131                 if (errno == ENOENT)
 132                         fprintf(stderr, "\nThe device apparently does "
 133                                "not exist; did you specify it correctly?\n");
 134                 exit(1);
 135         }
 136         if(!S_ISBLK(s.st_mode)) {
 137                 printf("%s is not a block special device.\n", device_name);
 138                 proceed_question();
 139                 return;
 140         } else if ((MAJOR(s.st_rdev) == HD_MAJOR &&
 141                     MINOR(s.st_rdev)%64 == 0) ||
 142                    (MAJOR(s.st_rdev) == SCSI_DISK_MAJOR &&
 143                     MINOR(s.st_rdev)%16 == 0)) {
 144                 printf("%s is entire device, not just one partition!\n",
 145                        device_name);
 146                 proceed_question();
 147         }
 148 #endif
 149 }
 150
 151 static void check_mount(NOARGS)
 152 {
 153         errcode_t       retval;
 154         int             mount_flags;
 155
 156         retval = ext2fs_check_if_mounted(device_name, &mount_flags);
 157         if (retval) {
 158                 com_err("ext2fs_check_if_mount", retval,
 159                         "while determining whether %s is mounted.",
 160                         device_name);
 161                 return;
 162         }
 163         if (!(mount_flags & EXT2_MF_MOUNTED))
 164                 return;
 165
 166         fprintf(stderr, "%s is mounted; will not make a filesystem here!\n",
 167                 device_name);
 168         exit(1);
 169 }
 170
 171 /*
 172  * Helper function for read_bb_file and test_disk
 173  */
 174 static void invalid_block(ext2_filsys fs, blk_t blk)
 175 {
 176         printf("Bad block %u out of range; ignored.\n", blk);
 177         return;
 178 }
 179
 180 /*
 181  * Reads the bad blocks list from a file
 182  */
 183 static void read_bb_file(ext2_filsys fs, badblocks_list *bb_list,
 184                          const char *bad_blocks_file)
 185 {
 186         FILE            *f;
 187         errcode_t       retval;
 188
 189         f = fopen(bad_blocks_file, "r");
 190         if (!f) {
 191                 com_err("read_bad_blocks_file", errno,
 192                         "while trying to open %s", bad_blocks_file);
 193                 exit(1);
 194         }
 195         retval = ext2fs_read_bb_FILE(fs, f, bb_list, invalid_block);
 196         fclose (f);
 197         if (retval) {
 198                 com_err("ext2fs_read_bb_FILE", retval,
 199                         "while reading in list of bad blocks from file");
 200                 exit(1);
 201         }
 202 }
 203
 204 /*
 205  * Runs the badblocks program to test the disk
 206  */
 207 static void test_disk(ext2_filsys fs, badblocks_list *bb_list)
 208 {
 209         FILE            *f;
 210         errcode_t       retval;
 211         char            buf[1024];
 212
 213         sprintf(buf, "badblocks -b %d %s%s %d", fs->blocksize,
 214                 quiet ? "" : "-s ", fs->device_name,
 215                 fs->super->s_blocks_count);
 216         if (verbose)
 217                 printf("Running command: %s\n", buf);
 218         f = popen(buf, "r");
 219         if (!f) {
 220                 com_err("popen", errno,
 221                         "while trying run '%s'", buf);
 222                 exit(1);
 223         }
 224         retval = ext2fs_read_bb_FILE(fs, f, bb_list, invalid_block);
 225         pclose(f);
 226         if (retval) {
 227                 com_err("ext2fs_read_bb_FILE", retval,
 228                         "while processing list of bad blocks from program");
 229                 exit(1);
 230         }
 231 }
 232
 233 static void handle_bad_blocks(ext2_filsys fs, badblocks_list bb_list)
 234 {
 235         int                     i, j;
 236         int                     must_be_good;
 237         blk_t                   blk;
 238         badblocks_iterate       bb_iter;
 239         errcode_t               retval;
 240         blk_t                   group_block;
 241         int                     group;
 242         int                     group_bad;
 243
 244         if (!bb_list)
 245                 return;
 246
 247         /*
 248          * The primary superblock and group descriptors *must* be
 249          * good; if not, abort.
 250          */
 251         must_be_good = fs->super->s_first_data_block + 1 + fs->desc_blocks;
 252         for (i = fs->super->s_first_data_block; i <= must_be_good; i++) {
 253                 if (badblocks_list_test(bb_list, i)) {
 254                         fprintf(stderr, "Block %d in primary superblock/group "
 255                                 "descriptor area bad.\n", i);
 256                         fprintf(stderr, "Blocks %d through %d must be good "
 257                                 "in order to build a filesystem.\n",
 258                                 fs->super->s_first_data_block, must_be_good);
 259                         fprintf(stderr, "Aborting....\n");
 260                         exit(1);
 261                 }
 262         }
 263
 264         /*
 265          * See if any of the bad blocks are showing up in the backup
 266          * superblocks and/or group descriptors.  If so, issue a
 267          * warning and adjust the block counts appropriately.
 268          */
 269         group_block = fs->super->s_first_data_block +
 270                 fs->super->s_blocks_per_group;
 271
 272         for (i = 1; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++) {
 273                 group_bad = 0;
 274                 for (j=0; j < fs->desc_blocks+1; j++) {
 275                         if (badblocks_list_test(bb_list, group_block +
 276                                                 j)) {
 277                                 if (!group_bad)
 278                                         fprintf(stderr,
 279 "Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block %d contain\n"
 280 "       bad blocks.\n\n",
 281                                                 group_block);
 282                                 group_bad++;
 283                                 group = ext2fs_group_of_blk(fs, group_block+j);
 284                                 fs->group_desc[group].bg_free_blocks_count++;
 285                                 fs->super->s_free_blocks_count++;
 286                         }
 287                 }
 288                 group_block += fs->super->s_blocks_per_group;
 289         }
 290
 291         /*
 292          * Mark all the bad blocks as used...
 293          */
 294         retval = badblocks_list_iterate_begin(bb_list, &bb_iter);
 295         if (retval) {
 296                 com_err("badblocks_list_iterate_begin", retval,
 297                         "while marking bad blocks as used");
 298                 exit(1);
 299         }
 300         while (badblocks_list_iterate(bb_iter, &blk))
 301                 ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap(fs->block_map, blk);
 302         badblocks_list_iterate_end(bb_iter);
 303 }
 304
 305 static void write_inode_tables(ext2_filsys fs)
 306 {
 307         errcode_t       retval;
 308         blk_t           blk;
 309         int             i, j, num, count;
 310         char            *buf;
 311
 312         buf = malloc(fs->blocksize * STRIDE_LENGTH);
 313         if (!buf) {
 314                 com_err("malloc", ENOMEM, "while allocating zeroizing buffer");
 315                 exit(1);
 316         }
 317         memset(buf, 0, fs->blocksize * STRIDE_LENGTH);
 318
 319         if (!quiet)
 320                 printf("Writing inode tables: ");
 321         for (i = 0; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++) {
 322                 if (!quiet)
 323                         printf("%4d/%4ld", i, fs->group_desc_count);
 324
 325                 blk = fs->group_desc[i].bg_inode_table;
 326                 num = fs->inode_blocks_per_group;
 327
 328                 for (j=0; j < num; j += STRIDE_LENGTH, blk += STRIDE_LENGTH) {
 329                         if (num-j > STRIDE_LENGTH)
 330                                 count = STRIDE_LENGTH;
 331                         else
 332                                 count = num - j;
 333                         retval = io_channel_write_blk(fs->io, blk, count, buf);
 334                         if (retval)
 335                                 printf("Warning: could not write %d blocks "
 336                                        "in inode table starting at %d: %s\n",
 337                                        count, blk, error_message(retval));
 338                 }
 339                 if (!quiet)
 340                         printf("\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b");
 341         }
 342         free(buf);
 343         if (!quiet)
 344                 printf("done     \n");
 345 }
 346
 347 static void create_root_dir(ext2_filsys fs)
 348 {
 349         errcode_t       retval;
 350         struct ext2_inode       inode;
 351
 352         retval = ext2fs_mkdir(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, EXT2_ROOT_INO, 0);
 353         if (retval) {
 354                 com_err("ext2fs_mkdir", retval, "while creating root dir");
 355                 exit(1);
 356         }
 357         if (geteuid()) {
 358                 retval = ext2fs_read_inode(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, &inode);
 359                 if (retval) {
 360                         com_err("ext2fs_read_inode", retval,
 361                                 "while reading root inode");
 362                         exit(1);
 363                 }
 364                 inode.i_uid = getuid();
 365                 if (inode.i_uid)
 366                         inode.i_gid = getgid();
 367                 retval = ext2fs_write_inode(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, &inode);
 368                 if (retval) {
 369                         com_err("ext2fs_write_inode", retval,
 370                                 "while setting root inode ownership");
 371                         exit(1);
 372                 }
 373         }
 374 }
 375
 376 static void create_lost_and_found(ext2_filsys fs)
 377 {
 378         errcode_t               retval;
 379         ino_t                   ino;
 380         const char              *name = "lost+found";
 381         int                     i;
 382
 383         retval = ext2fs_mkdir(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, 0, name);
 384         if (retval) {
 385                 com_err("ext2fs_mkdir", retval, "while creating /lost+found");
 386                 exit(1);
 387         }
 388
 389         retval = ext2fs_lookup(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, name, strlen(name), 0, &ino);
 390         if (retval) {
 391                 com_err("ext2_lookup", retval, "while looking up /lost+found");
 392                 exit(1);
 393         }
 394
 395         for (i=1; i < EXT2_NDIR_BLOCKS; i++) {
 396                 retval = ext2fs_expand_dir(fs, ino);
 397                 if (retval) {
 398                         com_err("ext2fs_expand_dir", retval,
 399                                 "while expanding /lost+found");
 400                         exit(1);
 401                 }
 402         }
 403 }
 404
 405 static void create_bad_block_inode(ext2_filsys fs, badblocks_list bb_list)
 406 {
 407         errcode_t       retval;
 408
 409         ext2fs_mark_inode_bitmap(fs->inode_map, EXT2_BAD_INO);
 410         fs->group_desc[0].bg_free_inodes_count--;
 411         fs->super->s_free_inodes_count--;
 412         retval = ext2fs_update_bb_inode(fs, bb_list);
 413         if (retval) {
 414                 com_err("ext2fs_update_bb_inode", retval,
 415                         "while setting bad block inode");
 416                 exit(1);
 417         }
 418
 419 }
 420
 421 static void reserve_inodes(ext2_filsys fs)
 422 {
 423         ino_t   i;
 424         int     group;
 425
 426         for (i = EXT2_ROOT_INO + 1; i < EXT2_FIRST_INODE(fs->super); i++) {
 427                 ext2fs_mark_inode_bitmap(fs->inode_map, i);
 428                 group = ext2fs_group_of_ino(fs, i);
 429                 fs->group_desc[group].bg_free_inodes_count--;
 430                 fs->super->s_free_inodes_count--;
 431         }
 432         ext2fs_mark_ib_dirty(fs);
 433 }
 434
 435 #ifdef ZAP_BOOTBLOCK
 436 static void zap_bootblock(ext2_filsys fs)
 437 {
 438         char buf[512];
 439         int retval;
 440
 441         memset(buf, 0, 512);
 442
 443         retval = io_channel_write_blk(fs->io, 0, -512, buf);
 444         if (retval)
 445                 printf("Warning: could not erase block 0: %s\n",
 446                        error_message(retval));
 447 }
 448 #endif
 449
 450
 451 static void show_stats(ext2_filsys fs)
 452 {
 453         struct ext2fs_sb        *s = (struct ext2fs_sb *) fs->super;
 454         char                    buf[80];
 455         blk_t                   group_block;
 456         int                     i, col_left;
 457
 458         if (param.s_blocks_count != s->s_blocks_count)
 459                 printf("warning: %d blocks unused.\n\n",
 460                        param.s_blocks_count - s->s_blocks_count);
 461
 462         switch (fs->super->s_creator_os) {
 463             case EXT2_OS_LINUX: printf ("Linux"); break;
 464             case EXT2_OS_HURD:  printf ("GNU/hurd");   break;
 465             case EXT2_OS_MASIX: printf ("Masix"); break;
 466             default:            printf ("(unknown os)");
 467         }
 468         printf (" ext2 filesystem format\n");
 469         memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
 470         strncpy(buf, s->s_volume_name, sizeof(s->s_volume_name));
 471         printf("Filesystem label=%s\n", buf);
 472         printf("%u inodes, %u blocks\n", s->s_inodes_count,
 473                s->s_blocks_count);
 474         printf("%u blocks (%2.2f%%) reserved for the super user\n",
 475                 s->s_r_blocks_count,
 476                100.0 * s->s_r_blocks_count / s->s_blocks_count);
 477         printf("First data block=%u\n", s->s_first_data_block);
 478         printf("Block size=%u (log=%u)\n", fs->blocksize,
 479                 s->s_log_block_size);
 480         printf("Fragment size=%u (log=%u)\n", fs->fragsize,
 481                 s->s_log_frag_size);
 482         printf("%lu block group%s\n", fs->group_desc_count,
 483                 (fs->group_desc_count > 1) ? "s" : "");
 484         printf("%u blocks per group, %u fragments per group\n",
 485                s->s_blocks_per_group, s->s_frags_per_group);
 486         printf("%u inodes per group\n", s->s_inodes_per_group);
 487
 488         if (fs->group_desc_count == 1) {
 489                 printf("\n");
 490                 return;
 491         }
 492
 493         printf("Superblock backups stored on blocks: ");
 494         group_block = s->s_first_data_block;
 495         col_left = 0;
 496         for (i = 1; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++) {
 497                 group_block += s->s_blocks_per_group;
 498                 if (!ext2fs_bg_has_super(fs, i))
 499                         continue;
 500                 if (!col_left--) {
 501                         printf("\n\t");
 502                         col_left = 6;
 503                 }
 504                 printf("%u", group_block);
 505                 if (i != fs->group_desc_count - 1)
 506                         printf(", ");
 507         }
 508         printf("\n\n");
 509 }
 510
 511 #ifndef HAVE_STRCASECMP
 512 static int strcasecmp (char *s1, char *s2)
 513 {
 514         while (*s1 && *s2) {
 515                 int ch1 = *s1++, ch2 = *s2++;
 516                 if (isupper (ch1))
 517                         ch1 = tolower (ch1);
 518                 if (isupper (ch2))
 519                         ch2 = tolower (ch2);
 520                 if (ch1 != ch2)
 521                         return ch1 - ch2;
 522         }
 523         return *s1 ? 1 : *s2 ? -1 : 0;
 524 }
 525 #endif
 526
 527 /*
 528  * Set the S_CREATOR_OS field.  Return true if OS is known,
 529  * otherwise, 0.
 530  */
 531 static int set_os(struct ext2_super_block *sb, char *os)
 532 {
 533         if (isdigit (*os))
 534                 sb->s_creator_os = atoi (os);
 535         else if (strcasecmp(os, "linux") == 0)
 536                 sb->s_creator_os = EXT2_OS_LINUX;
 537         else if (strcasecmp(os, "GNU") == 0 || strcasecmp(os, "hurd") == 0)
 538                 sb->s_creator_os = EXT2_OS_HURD;
 539         else if (strcasecmp(os, "masix") == 0)
 540                 sb->s_creator_os = EXT2_OS_MASIX;
 541         else
 542                 return 0;
 543         return 1;
 544 }
 545
 546 #define PATH_SET "PATH=/sbin"
 547
 548 static void parse_raid_opts(const char *opts)
 549 {
 550         char    *buf, *token, *next, *p, *arg;
 551         int     len;
 552         int     raid_usage = 0;
 553
 554         len = strlen(opts);
 555         buf = malloc(len+1);
 556         if (!buf) {
 557                 fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't allocate memory to parse "
 558                         "raid options!\n");
 559                 exit(1);
 560         }
 561         strcpy(buf, opts);
 562         for (token = buf; token && *token; token = next) {
 563                 p = strchr(token, ',');
 564                 next = 0;
 565                 if (p) {
 566                         *p = 0;
 567                         next = p+1;
 568                 }
 569                 arg = strchr(token, '=');
 570                 if (arg) {
 571                         *arg = 0;
 572                         arg++;
 573                 }
 574                 if (strcmp(token, "stride") == 0) {
 575                         if (!arg) {
 576                                 raid_usage++;
 577                                 continue;
 578                         }
 579                         fs_stride = strtoul(arg, &p, 0);
 580                         if (*p || (fs_stride == 0)) {
 581                                 fprintf(stderr, "Invalid stride parameter.\n");
 582                                 raid_usage++;
 583                                 continue;
 584                         }
 585                 } else
 586                         raid_usage++;
 587         }
 588         if (raid_usage) {
 589                 fprintf(stderr, "\nBad raid options specified.\n\n"
 590                         "Raid options are separated by commas, "
 591                         "and may take an argument which\n"
 592                         "\tis set off by an equals ('=') sign.\n\n"
 593                         "Valid raid options are:\n"
 594                         "\tstride=<stride length in blocks>\n\n");
 595                 exit(1);
 596         }
 597 }
 598
 599
 600
 601 static void PRS(int argc, char *argv[])
 602 {
 603         int     c;
 604         int     size;
 605         char    * tmp;
 606         blk_t   max = 8192;
 607         int     inode_ratio = 4096;
 608         int     reserved_ratio = 5;
 609         errcode_t       retval;
 610         int     sparse_option = -1;
 611         char    *oldpath = getenv("PATH");
 612         struct ext2fs_sb *param_ext2 = (struct ext2fs_sb *) &param;
 613         char    *raid_opts = 0;
 614         blk_t   dev_size;
 615
 616         /* Update our PATH to include /sbin  */
 617         if (oldpath) {
 618                 char *newpath;
 619
 620                 newpath = malloc(sizeof (PATH_SET) + 1 + strlen (oldpath));
 621                 strcpy (newpath, PATH_SET);
 622                 strcat (newpath, ":");
 623                 strcat (newpath, oldpath);
 624                 putenv (newpath);
 625         } else
 626                 putenv (PATH_SET);
 627
 628         setbuf(stdout, NULL);
 629         setbuf(stderr, NULL);
 630         initialize_ext2_error_table();
 631         memset(&param, 0, sizeof(struct ext2_super_block));
 632
 633         fprintf (stderr, "mke2fs %s, %s for EXT2 FS %s, %s\n",
 634                  E2FSPROGS_VERSION, E2FSPROGS_DATE,
 635                  EXT2FS_VERSION, EXT2FS_DATE);
 636         if (argc && *argv)
 637                 program_name = *argv;
 638         while ((c = getopt (argc, argv,
 639                             "b:cf:g:i:l:m:o:qr:R:s:tvI:SFL:M:V")) != EOF)
 640                 switch (c) {
 641                 case 'b':
 642                         size = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0);
 643                         if (size < 1024 || size > 4096 || *tmp) {
 644                                 com_err(program_name, 0, "bad block size - %s",
 645                                         optarg);
 646                                 exit(1);
 647                         }
 648                         param.s_log_block_size =
 649                                 log2(size >> EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_LOG_SIZE);
 650                         max = size * 8;
 651                         break;
 652                 case 'c':
 653                 case 't':       /* Check for bad blocks */
 654                         cflag = 1;
 655                         break;
 656                 case 'f':
 657                         size = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0);
 658                         if (size < 1024 || size > 4096 || *tmp) {
 659                                 com_err(program_name, 0, "bad fragment size - %s",
 660                                         optarg);
 661                                 exit(1);
 662                         }
 663                         param.s_log_frag_size =
 664                                 log2(size >> EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_LOG_SIZE);
 665                         printf("Warning: fragments not supported.  "
 666                                "Ignoring -f option\n");
 667                         break;
 668                 case 'g':
 669                         param.s_blocks_per_group = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0);
 670                         if (*tmp) {
 671                                 com_err(program_name, 0,
 672                                         "Illegal number for blocks per group");
 673                                 exit(1);
 674                         }
 675                         if ((param.s_blocks_per_group % 8) != 0) {
 676                                 com_err(program_name, 0,
 677                                 "blocks per group must be multiple of 8");
 678                                 exit(1);
 679                         }
 680                         break;
 681                 case 'i':
 682                         inode_ratio = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0);
 683                         if (inode_ratio < 1024 || inode_ratio > 256 * 1024 ||
 684                             *tmp) {
 685                                 com_err(program_name, 0, "bad inode ratio - %s",
 686                                         optarg);
 687                                 exit(1);
 688                         }
 689                         break;
 690                 case 'l':
 691                         bad_blocks_filename = malloc(strlen(optarg)+1);
 692                         if (!bad_blocks_filename) {
 693                                 com_err(program_name, ENOMEM,
 694                                         "in malloc for bad_blocks_filename");
 695                                 exit(1);
 696                         }
 697                         strcpy(bad_blocks_filename, optarg);
 698                         break;
 699                 case 'm':
 700                         reserved_ratio = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0);
 701                         if (reserved_ratio > 50 || *tmp) {
 702                                 com_err(program_name, 0,
 703                                         "bad reserved blocks percent - %s",
 704                                         optarg);
 705                                 exit(1);
 706                         }
 707                         break;
 708                 case 'o':
 709                         creator_os = optarg;
 710                         break;
 711                 case 'r':
 712                         param.s_rev_level = atoi(optarg);
 713                         break;
 714                 case 's':
 715                         sparse_option = atoi(optarg);
 716                         break;
 717 #ifdef EXT2_DYNAMIC_REV
 718                 case 'I':
 719                         param.s_inode_size = atoi(optarg);
 720                         break;
 721 #endif
 722                 case 'v':
 723                         verbose = 1;
 724                         break;
 725                 case 'q':
 726                         quiet = 1;
 727                         break;
 728                 case 'F':
 729                         force = 1;
 730                         break;
 731                 case 'L':
 732                         volume_label = optarg;
 733                         break;
 734                 case 'M':
 735                         mount_dir = optarg;
 736                         break;
 737                 case 'R':
 738                         raid_opts = optarg;
 739                         break;
 740                 case 'S':
 741                         super_only = 1;
 742                         break;
 743                 case 'V':
 744                         /* Print version number and exit */
 745                         fprintf(stderr, "\tUsing %s\n",
 746                                 error_message(EXT2_ET_BASE));
 747                         exit(0);
 748                 default:
 749                         usage();
 750                 }
 751         if (optind == argc)
 752                 usage();
 753         device_name = argv[optind];
 754         optind++;
 755         if (optind < argc) {
 756                 param.s_blocks_count = strtoul(argv[optind++], &tmp, 0);
 757                 if (*tmp) {
 758                         com_err(program_name, 0, "bad blocks count - %s",
 759                                 argv[optind - 1]);
 760                         exit(1);
 761                 }
 762         }
 763         if (optind < argc)
 764                 usage();
 765
 766         if (raid_opts)
 767                 parse_raid_opts(raid_opts);
 768
 769         if (!force)
 770                 check_plausibility();
 771         check_mount();
 772
 773         param.s_log_frag_size = param.s_log_block_size;
 774
 775         retval = ext2fs_get_device_size(device_name,
 776                                         EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&param),
 777                                         &dev_size);
 778         if (retval && (retval != EXT2_ET_UNIMPLEMENTED)) {
 779                 com_err(program_name, retval,
 780                         "while trying to determine filesystem size");
 781                 exit(1);
 782         }
 783         if (!param.s_blocks_count) {
 784                 if (retval == EXT2_ET_UNIMPLEMENTED) {
 785                         com_err(program_name, 0,
 786                                 "Couldn't determine device size; you "
 787                                 "must specify\nthe size of the "
 788                                 "filesystem\n");
 789                         exit(1);
 790                 } else
 791                         param.s_blocks_count = dev_size;
 792         } else if (!force && (param.s_blocks_count > dev_size)) {
 793                 com_err(program_name, 0,
 794                         "Filesystem larger than apparent filesystem size.");
 795                 proceed_question();
 796         }
 797
 798         if (param.s_blocks_per_group) {
 799                 if (param.s_blocks_per_group < 256 ||
 800                     param.s_blocks_per_group > max || *tmp) {
 801                         com_err(program_name, 0,
 802                                 "blocks per group count out of range");
 803                         exit(1);
 804                 }
 805         }
 806
 807         /*
 808          * Calculate number of inodes based on the inode ratio
 809          */
 810         param.s_inodes_count =
 811                 ((long long) param.s_blocks_count * EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&param))
 812                         / inode_ratio;
 813
 814         /*
 815          * Calculate number of blocks to reserve
 816          */
 817         param.s_r_blocks_count = (param.s_blocks_count * reserved_ratio) / 100;
 818
 819         /*
 820          * If we are using revision #1, use the sparse super feature
 821          * by default
 822          */
 823 #ifdef EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER
 824         if ((sparse_option == 1)
 825 #ifdef EXT2_DYNAMIC_REV
 826             || ((param.s_rev_level >= EXT2_DYNAMIC_REV) && (!sparse_option))
 827 #endif
 828             )
 829                 param_ext2->s_feature_ro_compat |=
 830                         EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER;
 831 #endif
 832 }
 833
 834 int main (int argc, char *argv[])
 835 {
 836         errcode_t       retval = 0;
 837         ext2_filsys     fs;
 838         badblocks_list  bb_list = 0;
 839         struct ext2fs_sb *s;
 840
 841         PRS(argc, argv);
 842
 843         /*
 844          * Initialize the superblock....
 845          */
 846         retval = ext2fs_initialize(device_name, 0, &param,
 847                                    unix_io_manager, &fs);
 848         if (retval) {
 849                 com_err(device_name, retval, "while setting up superblock");
 850                 exit(1);
 851         }
 852
 853         /*
 854          * Generate a UUID for it...
 855          */
 856         s = (struct ext2fs_sb *) fs->super;
 857         uuid_generate(s->s_uuid);
 858
 859         /*
 860          * Override the creator OS, if applicable
 861          */
 862         if (creator_os && !set_os(fs->super, creator_os)) {
 863                 com_err (program_name, 0, "unknown os - %s", creator_os);
 864                 exit(1);
 865         }
 866
 867         /*
 868          * Set the volume label...
 869          */
 870         if (volume_label) {
 871                 memset(s->s_volume_name, 0, sizeof(s->s_volume_name));
 872                 strncpy(s->s_volume_name, volume_label,
 873                         sizeof(s->s_volume_name));
 874         }
 875
 876         /*
 877          * Set the last mount directory
 878          */
 879         if (mount_dir) {
 880                 memset(s->s_last_mounted, 0, sizeof(s->s_last_mounted));
 881                 strncpy(s->s_last_mounted, mount_dir,
 882                         sizeof(s->s_last_mounted));
 883         }
 884
 885         if (!quiet)
 886                 show_stats(fs);
 887
 888         if (bad_blocks_filename)
 889                 read_bb_file(fs, &bb_list, bad_blocks_filename);
 890         if (cflag)
 891                 test_disk(fs, &bb_list);
 892
 893         handle_bad_blocks(fs, bb_list);
 894         fs->stride = fs_stride;
 895         retval = ext2fs_allocate_tables(fs);
 896         if (retval) {
 897                 com_err(program_name, retval,
 898                         "while trying to allocate filesystem tables");
 899                 exit(1);
 900         }
 901         if (super_only) {
 902                 fs->super->s_state |= EXT2_ERROR_FS;
 903                 fs->flags &= ~(EXT2_FLAG_IB_DIRTY|EXT2_FLAG_BB_DIRTY);
 904         } else {
 905                 write_inode_tables(fs);
 906                 create_root_dir(fs);
 907                 create_lost_and_found(fs);
 908                 reserve_inodes(fs);
 909                 create_bad_block_inode(fs, bb_list);
 910 #ifdef ZAP_BOOTBLOCK
 911                 zap_bootblock(fs);
 912 #endif
 913         }
 914
 915         if (!quiet)
 916                 printf("Writing superblocks and "
 917                        "filesystem accounting information: ");
 918         ext2fs_close(fs);
 919         if (!quiet)
 920                 printf("done\n");
 921         return 0;
 922 }