misc/filefrag.c

   1 /*
   2  * filefrag.c -- report if a particular file is fragmented
   3  *
   4  * Copyright 2003 by Theodore Ts'o.
   5  *
   6  * %Begin-Header%
   7  * This file may be redistributed under the terms of the GNU Public
   8  * License.
   9  * %End-Header%
  10  */
  11
  12 #include "config.h"
  13 #ifndef __linux__
  14 #include <stdio.h>
  15 #include <stdlib.h>
  16 #include <unistd.h>
  17
  18 int main(void) {
  19         fputs("This program is only supported on Linux!\n", stderr);
  20         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  21 }
  22 #else
  23 #ifndef _LARGEFILE_SOURCE
  24 #define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE
  25 #endif
  26 #ifndef _LARGEFILE64_SOURCE
  27 #define _LARGEFILE64_SOURCE
  28 #endif
  29
  30
  31 #include <stdio.h>
  32 #include <stdlib.h>
  33 #include <unistd.h>
  34 #include <string.h>
  35 #include <time.h>
  36 #include <fcntl.h>
  37 #include <errno.h>
  38 #ifdef HAVE_GETOPT_H
  39 #include <getopt.h>
  40 #else
  41 extern char *optarg;
  42 extern int optind;
  43 #endif
  44 #include <sys/types.h>
  45 #include <sys/stat.h>
  46 #include <sys/vfs.h>
  47 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  48 #ifdef HAVE_LINUX_FD_H
  49 #include <linux/fd.h>
  50 #endif
  51 #include <ext2fs/ext2fs.h>
  52 #include <ext2fs/ext2_types.h>
  53 #include <ext2fs/fiemap.h>
  54
  55 int verbose = 0;
  56 unsigned int blocksize; /* Use specified blocksize (default 1kB) */
  57 int sync_file = 0;      /* fsync file before getting the mapping */
  58 int precache_file = 0;  /* precache the file before getting the mapping */
  59 int xattr_map = 0;      /* get xattr mapping */
  60 int force_bmap; /* force use of FIBMAP instead of FIEMAP */
  61 int force_extent;       /* print output in extent format always */
  62 int use_extent_cache;   /* Use extent cache */
  63 int logical_width = 8;
  64 int physical_width = 10;
  65 const char *ext_fmt = "%4d: %*llu..%*llu: %*llu..%*llu: %6llu: %s\n";
  66 const char *hex_fmt = "%4d: %*llx..%*llx: %*llx..%*llx: %6llx: %s\n";
  67
  68 #define FILEFRAG_FIEMAP_FLAGS_COMPAT (FIEMAP_FLAG_SYNC | FIEMAP_FLAG_XATTR)
  69
  70 #define FIBMAP          _IO(0x00, 1)    /* bmap access */
  71 #define FIGETBSZ        _IO(0x00, 2)    /* get the block size used for bmap */
  72
  73 #define LUSTRE_SUPER_MAGIC 0x0BD00BD0
  74
  75 #define EXT4_EXTENTS_FL                 0x00080000 /* Inode uses extents */
  76 #define EXT3_IOC_GETFLAGS               _IOR('f', 1, long)
  77
  78 static int ulong_log2(unsigned long arg)
  79 {
  80         int     l = 0;
  81
  82         arg >>= 1;
  83         while (arg) {
  84                 l++;
  85                 arg >>= 1;
  86         }
  87         return l;
  88 }
  89
  90 static int ulong_log10(unsigned long long arg)
  91 {
  92         int     l = 0;
  93
  94         arg = arg / 10;
  95         while (arg) {
  96                 l++;
  97                 arg = arg / 10;
  98         }
  99         return l;
 100 }
 101
 102 static unsigned int div_ceil(unsigned int a, unsigned int b)
 103 {
 104         if (!a)
 105                 return 0;
 106         return ((a - 1) / b) + 1;
 107 }
 108
 109 static int get_bmap(int fd, unsigned long block, unsigned long *phy_blk)
 110 {
 111         int     ret;
 112         unsigned int b;
 113
 114         b = block;
 115         ret = ioctl(fd, FIBMAP, &b); /* FIBMAP takes pointer to integer */
 116         if (ret < 0)
 117                 return -errno;
 118         *phy_blk = b;
 119
 120         return ret;
 121 }
 122
 123 static void print_extent_header(void)
 124 {
 125         printf(" ext: %*s %*s length: %*s flags:\n",
 126                logical_width * 2 + 3,
 127                "logical_offset:",
 128                physical_width * 2 + 3, "physical_offset:",
 129                physical_width + 1,
 130                "expected:");
 131 }
 132
 133 static void print_flag(__u32 *flags, __u32 mask, char *buf, const char *name)
 134 {
 135         if ((*flags & mask) == 0)
 136                 return;
 137
 138         strcat(buf, name);
 139         *flags &= ~mask;
 140 }
 141
 142 static void print_extent_info(struct fiemap_extent *fm_extent, int cur_ex,
 143                               unsigned long long expected, int blk_shift,
 144                               ext2fs_struct_stat *st)
 145 {
 146         unsigned long long physical_blk;
 147         unsigned long long logical_blk;
 148         unsigned long long ext_len;
 149         unsigned long long ext_blks;
 150         unsigned long long ext_blks_phys;
 151         __u32 fe_flags, mask;
 152         char flags[256] = "";
 153
 154         /* For inline data all offsets should be in bytes, not blocks */
 155         if (fm_extent->fe_flags & FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_INLINE)
 156                 blk_shift = 0;
 157
 158         ext_len = fm_extent->fe_length >> blk_shift;
 159         ext_blks = (fm_extent->fe_length - 1) >> blk_shift;
 160         logical_blk = fm_extent->fe_logical >> blk_shift;
 161         if (fm_extent->fe_flags & FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNKNOWN) {
 162                 physical_blk = 0;
 163         } else {
 164                 physical_blk = fm_extent->fe_physical >> blk_shift;
 165         }
 166
 167         fe_flags = fm_extent->fe_flags;
 168         if (expected &&
 169             !(fe_flags & FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNKNOWN) &&
 170             !(fe_flags & EXT4_FIEMAP_EXTENT_HOLE))
 171                 sprintf(flags, ext_fmt == hex_fmt ? "%*llx: " : "%*llu: ",
 172                         physical_width, expected >> blk_shift);
 173         else
 174                 sprintf(flags, "%.*s  ", physical_width, "                   ");
 175
 176         print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST, flags, "last,");
 177         print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNKNOWN, flags, "unknown_loc,");
 178         print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_DELALLOC, flags, "delalloc,");
 179         print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_ENCODED, flags, "encoded,");
 180         print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_ENCRYPTED, flags,"encrypted,");
 181         print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_NOT_ALIGNED, flags, "not_aligned,");
 182         print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_INLINE, flags, "inline,");
 183         print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_TAIL, flags, "tail_packed,");
 184         print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNWRITTEN, flags, "unwritten,");
 185         print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_MERGED, flags, "merged,");
 186         print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_SHARED, flags, "shared,");
 187         print_flag(&fe_flags, EXT4_FIEMAP_EXTENT_HOLE, flags, "hole,");
 188         /* print any unknown flags as hex values */
 189         for (mask = 1; fe_flags != 0 && mask != 0; mask <<= 1) {
 190                 char hex[sizeof(mask) * 2 + 4]; /* 2 chars/byte + 0x, + NUL */
 191
 192                 if ((fe_flags & mask) == 0)
 193                         continue;
 194                 sprintf(hex, "%#04x,", mask);
 195                 print_flag(&fe_flags, mask, flags, hex);
 196         }
 197
 198         if (fm_extent->fe_logical + fm_extent->fe_length >=
 199             (unsigned long long) st->st_size)
 200                 strcat(flags, "eof,");
 201
 202         /* Remove trailing comma, if any */
 203         if (flags[0] != '\0')
 204                 flags[strnlen(flags, sizeof(flags)) - 1] = '\0';
 205
 206         if ((fm_extent->fe_flags & FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNKNOWN) ||
 207             (fm_extent->fe_flags & EXT4_FIEMAP_EXTENT_HOLE)) {
 208                 ext_len = 0;
 209                 ext_blks_phys = 0;
 210         } else
 211                 ext_blks_phys = ext_blks;
 212
 213         printf(ext_fmt, cur_ex, logical_width, logical_blk,
 214                logical_width, logical_blk + ext_blks,
 215                physical_width, physical_blk,
 216                physical_width, physical_blk + ext_blks_phys,
 217                ext_len, flags);
 218 }
 219
 220 static int filefrag_fiemap(int fd, int blk_shift, int *num_extents,
 221                            ext2fs_struct_stat *st)
 222 {
 223         __u64 buf[2048];        /* __u64 for proper field alignment */
 224         struct fiemap *fiemap = (struct fiemap *)buf;
 225         struct fiemap_extent *fm_ext = &fiemap->fm_extents[0];
 226         struct fiemap_extent fm_last;
 227         int count = (sizeof(buf) - sizeof(*fiemap)) /
 228                         sizeof(struct fiemap_extent);
 229         unsigned long long expected = 0;
 230         unsigned long long expected_dense = 0;
 231         unsigned long flags = 0;
 232         unsigned int i;
 233         unsigned long cmd = FS_IOC_FIEMAP;
 234         int fiemap_header_printed = 0;
 235         int tot_extents = 0, n = 0;
 236         int last = 0;
 237         int rc;
 238
 239         memset(fiemap, 0, sizeof(struct fiemap));
 240         memset(&fm_last, 0, sizeof(fm_last));
 241
 242         if (sync_file)
 243                 flags |= FIEMAP_FLAG_SYNC;
 244
 245         if (precache_file)
 246                 flags |= FIEMAP_FLAG_CACHE;
 247
 248         if (xattr_map)
 249                 flags |= FIEMAP_FLAG_XATTR;
 250
 251         if (use_extent_cache)
 252                 cmd = EXT4_IOC_GET_ES_CACHE;
 253
 254         do {
 255                 fiemap->fm_length = ~0ULL;
 256                 fiemap->fm_flags = flags;
 257                 fiemap->fm_extent_count = count;
 258                 rc = ioctl(fd, cmd, (unsigned long) fiemap);
 259                 if (rc < 0) {
 260                         static int fiemap_incompat_printed;
 261
 262                         rc = -errno;
 263                         if (rc == -EBADR && !fiemap_incompat_printed) {
 264                                 fprintf(stderr, "FIEMAP failed with unknown "
 265                                                 "flags %x\n",
 266                                        fiemap->fm_flags);
 267                                 fiemap_incompat_printed = 1;
 268                         }
 269                         return rc;
 270                 }
 271
 272                 /* If 0 extents are returned, then more ioctls are not needed */
 273                 if (fiemap->fm_mapped_extents == 0)
 274                         break;
 275
 276                 if (verbose && !fiemap_header_printed) {
 277                         print_extent_header();
 278                         fiemap_header_printed = 1;
 279                 }
 280
 281                 for (i = 0; i < fiemap->fm_mapped_extents; i++) {
 282                         expected_dense = fm_last.fe_physical +
 283                                          fm_last.fe_length;
 284                         expected = fm_last.fe_physical +
 285                                    fm_ext[i].fe_logical - fm_last.fe_logical;
 286                         if (fm_ext[i].fe_logical != 0 &&
 287                             fm_ext[i].fe_physical != expected &&
 288                             fm_ext[i].fe_physical != expected_dense) {
 289                                 tot_extents++;
 290                         } else {
 291                                 expected = 0;
 292                                 if (!tot_extents)
 293                                         tot_extents = 1;
 294                         }
 295                         if (verbose)
 296                                 print_extent_info(&fm_ext[i], n, expected,
 297                                                   blk_shift, st);
 298                         if (fm_ext[i].fe_flags & FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST)
 299                                 last = 1;
 300                         fm_last = fm_ext[i];
 301                         n++;
 302                 }
 303
 304                 fiemap->fm_start = (fm_ext[i - 1].fe_logical +
 305                                     fm_ext[i - 1].fe_length);
 306         } while (last == 0);
 307
 308         *num_extents = tot_extents;
 309
 310         return 0;
 311 }
 312
 313 #define EXT2_DIRECT     12
 314
 315 static int filefrag_fibmap(int fd, int blk_shift, int *num_extents,
 316                            ext2fs_struct_stat *st,
 317                            unsigned long numblocks, int is_ext2)
 318 {
 319         struct fiemap_extent    fm_ext, fm_last;
 320         unsigned long           i, last_block;
 321         unsigned long long      logical, expected = 0;
 322                                 /* Blocks per indirect block */
 323         const long              bpib = st->st_blksize / 4;
 324         int                     count;
 325
 326         memset(&fm_ext, 0, sizeof(fm_ext));
 327         memset(&fm_last, 0, sizeof(fm_last));
 328         if (force_extent) {
 329                 fm_ext.fe_flags = FIEMAP_EXTENT_MERGED;
 330         }
 331
 332         if (sync_file && fsync(fd) != 0)
 333                 return -errno;
 334
 335         for (i = 0, logical = 0, *num_extents = 0, count = last_block = 0;
 336              i < numblocks;
 337              i++, logical += st->st_blksize) {
 338                 unsigned long block = 0;
 339                 int rc;
 340
 341                 if (is_ext2 && last_block) {
 342                         if (((i - EXT2_DIRECT) % bpib) == 0)
 343                                 last_block++;
 344                         if (((i - EXT2_DIRECT - bpib) % (bpib * bpib)) == 0)
 345                                 last_block++;
 346                         if (((i - EXT2_DIRECT - bpib - bpib * bpib) %
 347                              (((unsigned long long)bpib) * bpib * bpib)) == 0)
 348                                 last_block++;
 349                 }
 350                 rc = get_bmap(fd, i, &block);
 351                 if (rc < 0)
 352                         return rc;
 353                 if (block == 0)
 354                         continue;
 355
 356                 if (*num_extents == 0 || block != last_block + 1 ||
 357                     fm_ext.fe_logical + fm_ext.fe_length != logical) {
 358                         /*
 359                          * This is the start of a new extent; figure out where
 360                          * we expected it to be and report the extent.
 361                          */
 362                         if (*num_extents != 0 && fm_last.fe_length) {
 363                                 expected = fm_last.fe_physical +
 364                                         (fm_ext.fe_logical - fm_last.fe_logical);
 365                                 if (expected == fm_ext.fe_physical)
 366                                         expected = 0;
 367                         }
 368                         if (force_extent && *num_extents == 0)
 369                                 print_extent_header();
 370                         if (force_extent && *num_extents != 0) {
 371                                 print_extent_info(&fm_ext, *num_extents - 1,
 372                                                   expected, blk_shift, st);
 373                         }
 374                         if (verbose && expected != 0) {
 375                                 printf("Discontinuity: Block %llu is at %llu "
 376                                        "(was %llu)\n",
 377                                         fm_ext.fe_logical / st->st_blksize,
 378                                         fm_ext.fe_physical / st->st_blksize,
 379                                         expected / st->st_blksize);
 380                         }
 381                         /* create the new extent */
 382                         fm_last = fm_ext;
 383                         (*num_extents)++;
 384                         fm_ext.fe_physical = block * st->st_blksize;
 385                         fm_ext.fe_logical = logical;
 386                         fm_ext.fe_length = 0;
 387                 }
 388                 fm_ext.fe_length += st->st_blksize;
 389                 last_block = block;
 390         }
 391         if (force_extent && *num_extents != 0) {
 392                 if (fm_last.fe_length) {
 393                         expected = fm_last.fe_physical +
 394                                    (fm_ext.fe_logical - fm_last.fe_logical);
 395                         if (expected == fm_ext.fe_physical)
 396                                 expected = 0;
 397                 }
 398                 print_extent_info(&fm_ext, *num_extents - 1, expected,
 399                                   blk_shift, st);
 400         }
 401
 402         return count;
 403 }
 404
 405 static int frag_report(const char *filename)
 406 {
 407         static struct statfs fsinfo;
 408         static unsigned int blksize;
 409         ext2fs_struct_stat st;
 410         int             blk_shift;
 411         long            fd;
 412         unsigned long long      numblocks;
 413         int             data_blocks_per_cyl = 1;
 414         int             num_extents = 1, expected = ~0;
 415         int             is_ext2 = 0;
 416         static dev_t    last_device;
 417         int             width;
 418         int             rc = 0;
 419
 420 #if defined(HAVE_OPEN64) && !defined(__OSX_AVAILABLE_BUT_DEPRECATED)
 421         fd = open64(filename, O_RDONLY);
 422 #else
 423         fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
 424 #endif
 425         if (fd < 0) {
 426                 rc = -errno;
 427                 perror("open");
 428                 return rc;
 429         }
 430
 431 #if defined(HAVE_FSTAT64) && !defined(__OSX_AVAILABLE_BUT_DEPRECATED)
 432         if (fstat64(fd, &st) < 0) {
 433 #else
 434         if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0) {
 435 #endif
 436                 rc = -errno;
 437                 perror("stat");
 438                 goto out_close;
 439         }
 440
 441         if (last_device != st.st_dev) {
 442                 if (fstatfs(fd, &fsinfo) < 0) {
 443                         rc = -errno;
 444                         perror("fstatfs");
 445                         goto out_close;
 446                 }
 447                 if (ioctl(fd, FIGETBSZ, &blksize) < 0)
 448                         blksize = fsinfo.f_bsize;
 449                 if (verbose)
 450                         printf("Filesystem type is: %lx\n",
 451                                (unsigned long)fsinfo.f_type);
 452         }
 453         st.st_blksize = blksize;
 454         if (fsinfo.f_type == 0xef51 || fsinfo.f_type == 0xef52 ||
 455             fsinfo.f_type == 0xef53) {
 456                 unsigned int    flags;
 457
 458                 if (ioctl(fd, EXT3_IOC_GETFLAGS, &flags) == 0 &&
 459                     !(flags & EXT4_EXTENTS_FL))
 460                         is_ext2 = 1;
 461         }
 462
 463         if (is_ext2) {
 464                 long cylgroups = div_ceil(fsinfo.f_blocks, blksize * 8);
 465
 466                 if (verbose && last_device != st.st_dev)
 467                         printf("Filesystem cylinder groups approximately %ld\n",
 468                                cylgroups);
 469
 470                 data_blocks_per_cyl = blksize * 8 -
 471                                         (fsinfo.f_files / 8 / cylgroups) - 3;
 472         }
 473         last_device = st.st_dev;
 474
 475         width = ulong_log10(fsinfo.f_blocks);
 476         if (width > physical_width)
 477                 physical_width = width;
 478
 479         numblocks = (st.st_size + blksize - 1) / blksize;
 480         if (blocksize != 0)
 481                 blk_shift = ulong_log2(blocksize);
 482         else
 483                 blk_shift = ulong_log2(blksize);
 484
 485         if (use_extent_cache)
 486                 width = 10;
 487         else
 488                 width = ulong_log10(numblocks);
 489         if (width > logical_width)
 490                 logical_width = width;
 491         if (verbose) {
 492                 __u32 state;
 493
 494                 printf("File size of %s is %llu (%llu block%s of %d bytes)",
 495                        filename, (unsigned long long)st.st_size,
 496                        numblocks * blksize >> blk_shift,
 497                        numblocks == 1 ? "" : "s", 1 << blk_shift);
 498                 if (use_extent_cache &&
 499                     ioctl(fd, EXT4_IOC_GETSTATE, &state) == 0 &&
 500                     (state & EXT4_STATE_FLAG_EXT_PRECACHED))
 501                         fputs(" -- pre-cached", stdout);
 502                 fputc('\n', stdout);
 503         }
 504
 505         if (!force_bmap) {
 506                 rc = filefrag_fiemap(fd, blk_shift, &num_extents, &st);
 507                 expected = 0;
 508                 if (rc < 0 &&
 509                     (use_extent_cache || precache_file || xattr_map)) {
 510                         if (rc != -EBADR)
 511                                 fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s\n ",
 512                                         filename,
 513                                         use_extent_cache ?
 514                                         "EXT4_IOC_GET_ES_CACHE" :
 515                                         "FS_IOC_FIEMAP", strerror(-rc));
 516                         goto out_close;
 517                 }
 518         }
 519
 520         if (force_bmap || rc < 0) { /* FIEMAP failed, try FIBMAP instead */
 521                 expected = filefrag_fibmap(fd, blk_shift, &num_extents,
 522                                            &st, numblocks, is_ext2);
 523                 if (expected < 0) {
 524                         if (expected == -EINVAL || expected == -ENOTTY) {
 525                                 fprintf(stderr, "%s: FIBMAP unsupported\n",
 526                                         filename);
 527                         } else if (expected == -EPERM) {
 528                                 fprintf(stderr,
 529                                         "%s: FIBMAP requires root privileges\n",
 530                                         filename);
 531                         } else {
 532                                 fprintf(stderr, "%s: FIBMAP error: %s",
 533                                         filename, strerror(expected));
 534                         }
 535                         rc = expected;
 536                         goto out_close;
 537                 } else {
 538                         rc = 0;
 539                 }
 540                 expected = expected / data_blocks_per_cyl + 1;
 541         }
 542
 543         if (num_extents == 1)
 544                 printf("%s: 1 extent found", filename);
 545         else
 546                 printf("%s: %d extents found", filename, num_extents);
 547         /* count, and thus expected, only set for indirect FIBMAP'd files */
 548         if (is_ext2 && expected && expected < num_extents)
 549                 printf(", perfection would be %d extent%s\n", expected,
 550                         (expected > 1) ? "s" : "");
 551         else
 552                 fputc('\n', stdout);
 553 out_close:
 554         close(fd);
 555
 556         return rc;
 557 }
 558
 559 static void usage(const char *progname)
 560 {
 561         fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [-b{blocksize}[KMG]] [-BeEksvxX] file ...\n",
 562                 progname);
 563         exit(1);
 564 }
 565
 566 int main(int argc, char**argv)
 567 {
 568         char **cpp;
 569         int rc = 0, c;
 570
 571         while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "Bb::eEkPsvxX")) != EOF) {
 572                 switch (c) {
 573                 case 'B':
 574                         force_bmap++;
 575                         break;
 576                 case 'b':
 577                         if (optarg) {
 578                                 char *end;
 579                                 unsigned long val;
 580
 581                                 val = strtoul(optarg, &end, 0);
 582                                 if (end) {
 583 #if __GNUC_PREREQ (7, 0)
 584 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
 585 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wimplicit-fallthrough"
 586 #endif
 587                                         switch (end[0]) {
 588                                         case 'g':
 589                                         case 'G':
 590                                                 val *= 1024;
 591                                                 /* fall through */
 592                                         case 'm':
 593                                         case 'M':
 594                                                 val *= 1024;
 595                                                 /* fall through */
 596                                         case 'k':
 597                                         case 'K':
 598                                                 val *= 1024;
 599                                                 break;
 600                                         default:
 601                                                 break;
 602                                         }
 603 #if __GNUC_PREREQ (7, 0)
 604 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 605 #endif
 606                                 }
 607                                 /* Specifying too large a blocksize will just
 608                                  * shift all extents down to zero length. Even
 609                                  * 1GB is questionable, but caveat emptor. */
 610                                 if (val > 1024 * 1024 * 1024) {
 611                                         fprintf(stderr,
 612                                                 "%s: blocksize %lu over 1GB\n",
 613                                                 argv[0], val);
 614                                         usage(argv[0]);
 615                                 }
 616                                 blocksize = val;
 617                         } else { /* Allow -b without argument for compat. Remove
 618                                   * this eventually so "-b {blocksize}" works */
 619                                 fprintf(stderr, "%s: -b needs a blocksize "
 620                                         "option, assuming 1024-byte blocks.\n",
 621                                         argv[0]);
 622                                 blocksize = 1024;
 623                         }
 624                         break;
 625                 case 'E':
 626                         use_extent_cache++;
 627                         /* fallthrough */
 628                 case 'e':
 629                         force_extent++;
 630                         if (!verbose)
 631                                 verbose++;
 632                         break;
 633                 case 'k':
 634                         blocksize = 1024;
 635                         break;
 636                 case 'P':
 637                         precache_file++;
 638                         break;
 639                 case 's':
 640                         sync_file++;
 641                         break;
 642                 case 'v':
 643                         verbose++;
 644                         break;
 645                 case 'x':
 646                         xattr_map++;
 647                         break;
 648                 case 'X':
 649                         ext_fmt = hex_fmt;
 650                         break;
 651                 default:
 652                         usage(argv[0]);
 653                         break;
 654                 }
 655         }
 656
 657         if (optind == argc)
 658                 usage(argv[0]);
 659
 660         for (cpp = argv + optind; *cpp != NULL; cpp++) {
 661                 int rc2 = frag_report(*cpp);
 662
 663                 if (rc2 < 0 && rc == 0)
 664                         rc = rc2;
 665         }
 666
 667         return -rc;
 668 }
 669 #endif