2 * e2image.c --- Program which writes an image file backing up
3 * critical metadata for the filesystem.
5 * Copyright 2000, 2001 by Theodore Ts'o.
8 * This file may be redistributed under the terms of the GNU Public
13 #define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE
14 #define _LARGEFILE64_SOURCE
36 #include <sys/types.h>
39 #include "ext2fs/ext2_fs.h"
40 #include "ext2fs/ext2fs.h"
41 #include "et/com_err.h"
42 #include "uuid/uuid.h"
44 #include "ext2fs/e2image.h"
45 #include "ext2fs/qcow2.h"
47 #include "../version.h"
48 #include "nls-enable.h"
50 #define QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED (1LL << 63)
53 const char * program_name = "e2image";
54 char * device_name = NULL;
56 static void lseek_error_and_exit(int errnum)
62 static blk64_t align_offset(blk64_t offset, int n)
64 return (offset + n - 1) & ~(n - 1);
67 static int get_bits_from_size(size_t size)
75 /* Not a power of two */
85 static void usage(void)
87 fprintf(stderr, _("Usage: %s [-rsIQ] device image_file\n"),
92 static void generic_write(int fd, void *buf, int blocksize, blk64_t block)
94 int count, free_buf = 0;
102 err = ext2fs_get_arrayzero(1, blocksize, &buf);
104 com_err(program_name, err, "while allocating buffer");
109 count = write(fd, buf, blocksize);
110 if (count != blocksize) {
117 com_err(program_name, err, "error writing block %llu",
120 com_err(program_name, err, "error in write()");
125 ext2fs_free_mem(&buf);
128 static void write_header(int fd, void *hdr, int hdr_size, int wrt_size)
134 if (hdr_size > wrt_size) {
135 fprintf(stderr, _("Error: header size is bigger than "
139 ret = ext2fs_get_mem(wrt_size, &header_buf);
141 fputs(_("Couldn't allocate header buffer\n"), stderr);
145 if (ext2fs_llseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
146 perror("ext2fs_llseek while writing header");
149 memset(header_buf, 0, wrt_size);
152 memcpy(header_buf, hdr, hdr_size);
154 generic_write(fd, header_buf, wrt_size, 0);
156 ext2fs_free_mem(&header_buf);
159 static void write_image_file(ext2_filsys fs, int fd)
161 struct ext2_image_hdr hdr;
165 write_header(fd, NULL, fs->blocksize, fs->blocksize);
166 memset(&hdr, 0, sizeof(struct ext2_image_hdr));
168 hdr.offset_super = ext2fs_llseek(fd, 0, SEEK_CUR);
169 retval = ext2fs_image_super_write(fs, fd, 0);
171 com_err(program_name, retval, _("while writing superblock"));
175 hdr.offset_inode = ext2fs_llseek(fd, 0, SEEK_CUR);
176 retval = ext2fs_image_inode_write(fs, fd,
177 (fd != 1) ? IMAGER_FLAG_SPARSEWRITE : 0);
179 com_err(program_name, retval, _("while writing inode table"));
183 hdr.offset_blockmap = ext2fs_llseek(fd, 0, SEEK_CUR);
184 retval = ext2fs_image_bitmap_write(fs, fd, 0);
186 com_err(program_name, retval, _("while writing block bitmap"));
190 hdr.offset_inodemap = ext2fs_llseek(fd, 0, SEEK_CUR);
191 retval = ext2fs_image_bitmap_write(fs, fd, IMAGER_FLAG_INODEMAP);
193 com_err(program_name, retval, _("while writing inode bitmap"));
197 hdr.magic_number = EXT2_ET_MAGIC_E2IMAGE;
198 strcpy(hdr.magic_descriptor, "Ext2 Image 1.0");
199 gethostname(hdr.fs_hostname, sizeof(hdr.fs_hostname));
200 strncpy(hdr.fs_device_name, device_name, sizeof(hdr.fs_device_name)-1);
201 hdr.fs_device_name[sizeof(hdr.fs_device_name) - 1] = 0;
202 hdr.fs_blocksize = fs->blocksize;
204 if (stat(device_name, &st) == 0)
205 hdr.fs_device = st.st_rdev;
207 if (fstat(fd, &st) == 0) {
208 hdr.image_device = st.st_dev;
209 hdr.image_inode = st.st_ino;
211 memcpy(hdr.fs_uuid, fs->super->s_uuid, sizeof(hdr.fs_uuid));
213 hdr.image_time = time(0);
214 write_header(fd, &hdr, fs->blocksize, fs->blocksize);
218 * These set of functions are used to write a RAW image file.
220 ext2fs_block_bitmap meta_block_map;
221 ext2fs_block_bitmap scramble_block_map; /* Directory blocks to be scrambled */
222 blk64_t meta_blocks_count;
224 struct process_block_struct {
230 * These subroutines short circuits ext2fs_get_blocks and
231 * ext2fs_check_directory; we use them since we already have the inode
232 * structure, so there's no point in letting the ext2fs library read
235 static ino_t stashed_ino = 0;
236 static struct ext2_inode *stashed_inode;
238 static errcode_t meta_get_blocks(ext2_filsys fs EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)),
244 if ((ino != stashed_ino) || !stashed_inode)
245 return EXT2_ET_CALLBACK_NOTHANDLED;
247 for (i=0; i < EXT2_N_BLOCKS; i++)
248 blocks[i] = stashed_inode->i_block[i];
252 static errcode_t meta_check_directory(ext2_filsys fs EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)),
255 if ((ino != stashed_ino) || !stashed_inode)
256 return EXT2_ET_CALLBACK_NOTHANDLED;
258 if (!LINUX_S_ISDIR(stashed_inode->i_mode))
259 return EXT2_ET_NO_DIRECTORY;
263 static errcode_t meta_read_inode(ext2_filsys fs EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)),
265 struct ext2_inode *inode)
267 if ((ino != stashed_ino) || !stashed_inode)
268 return EXT2_ET_CALLBACK_NOTHANDLED;
269 *inode = *stashed_inode;
273 static void use_inode_shortcuts(ext2_filsys fs, int bool)
276 fs->get_blocks = meta_get_blocks;
277 fs->check_directory = meta_check_directory;
278 fs->read_inode = meta_read_inode;
282 fs->check_directory = 0;
287 static int process_dir_block(ext2_filsys fs EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)),
289 e2_blkcnt_t blockcnt EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)),
290 blk64_t ref_block EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)),
291 int ref_offset EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)),
292 void *priv_data EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)))
294 struct process_block_struct *p;
296 p = (struct process_block_struct *) priv_data;
298 ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap2(meta_block_map, *block_nr);
300 if (scramble_block_map && p->is_dir && blockcnt >= 0)
301 ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap2(scramble_block_map, *block_nr);
305 static int process_file_block(ext2_filsys fs EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)),
307 e2_blkcnt_t blockcnt,
308 blk64_t ref_block EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)),
309 int ref_offset EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)),
310 void *priv_data EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)))
313 ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap2(meta_block_map, *block_nr);
319 static void mark_table_blocks(ext2_filsys fs)
321 blk64_t first_block, b;
324 first_block = fs->super->s_first_data_block;
326 * Mark primary superblock
328 ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap2(meta_block_map, first_block);
332 * Mark the primary superblock descriptors
334 for (j = 0; j < fs->desc_blocks; j++) {
335 ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap2(meta_block_map,
336 ext2fs_descriptor_block_loc2(fs, first_block, j));
338 meta_blocks_count += fs->desc_blocks;
340 for (i = 0; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++) {
342 * Mark the blocks used for the inode table
344 if (ext2fs_inode_table_loc(fs, i)) {
345 for (j = 0, b = ext2fs_inode_table_loc(fs, i);
346 j < (unsigned) fs->inode_blocks_per_group;
348 ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap2(meta_block_map, b);
349 meta_blocks_count += fs->inode_blocks_per_group;
353 * Mark block used for the block bitmap
355 if (ext2fs_block_bitmap_loc(fs, i)) {
356 ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap2(meta_block_map,
357 ext2fs_block_bitmap_loc(fs, i));
362 * Mark block used for the inode bitmap
364 if (ext2fs_inode_bitmap_loc(fs, i)) {
365 ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap2(meta_block_map,
366 ext2fs_inode_bitmap_loc(fs, i));
373 * This function returns 1 if the specified block is all zeros
375 static int check_zero_block(char *buf, int blocksize)
378 int left = blocksize;
388 static void write_block(int fd, char *buf, int sparse_offset,
389 int blocksize, blk64_t block)
394 ret = ext2fs_llseek(fd, sparse_offset, SEEK_CUR);
397 lseek_error_and_exit(errno);
398 generic_write(fd, buf, blocksize, block);
403 #define EXT4_MAX_REC_LEN ((1<<16)-1)
405 static void scramble_dir_block(ext2_filsys fs, blk64_t blk, char *buf)
408 struct ext2_dir_entry_2 *dirent;
409 unsigned int rec_len;
412 end = buf + fs->blocksize;
413 for (p = buf; p < end-8; p += rec_len) {
414 dirent = (struct ext2_dir_entry_2 *) p;
415 rec_len = dirent->rec_len;
416 #ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
417 rec_len = ext2fs_swab16(rec_len);
419 if (rec_len == EXT4_MAX_REC_LEN || rec_len == 0)
420 rec_len = fs->blocksize;
422 rec_len = (rec_len & 65532) | ((rec_len & 3) << 16);
424 printf("rec_len = %d, name_len = %d\n", rec_len, dirent->name_len);
426 if (rec_len < 8 || (rec_len % 4) ||
428 printf("Corrupt directory block %lu: "
429 "bad rec_len (%d)\n", (unsigned long) blk,
432 (void) ext2fs_set_rec_len(fs, rec_len,
433 (struct ext2_dir_entry *) dirent);
434 #ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
435 dirent->rec_len = ext2fs_swab16(dirent->rec_len);
439 if (dirent->name_len + 8 > rec_len) {
440 printf("Corrupt directory block %lu: "
441 "bad name_len (%d)\n", (unsigned long) blk,
443 dirent->name_len = rec_len - 8;
447 len = rec_len - dirent->name_len - 8;
449 memset(cp+dirent->name_len, 0, len);
450 if (dirent->name_len==1 && cp[0] == '.')
452 if (dirent->name_len==2 && cp[0] == '.' && cp[1] == '.')
455 memset(cp, 'A', dirent->name_len);
456 len = dirent->name_len;
458 while ((len > 0) && (id > 0)) {
467 static void output_meta_data_blocks(ext2_filsys fs, int fd)
471 char *buf, *zero_buf;
474 retval = ext2fs_get_mem(fs->blocksize, &buf);
476 com_err(program_name, retval, "while allocating buffer");
479 retval = ext2fs_get_memzero(fs->blocksize, &zero_buf);
481 com_err(program_name, retval, "while allocating buffer");
484 for (blk = 0; blk < ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super); blk++) {
485 if ((blk >= fs->super->s_first_data_block) &&
486 ext2fs_test_block_bitmap2(meta_block_map, blk)) {
487 retval = io_channel_read_blk64(fs->io, blk, 1, buf);
489 com_err(program_name, retval,
490 "error reading block %llu", blk);
492 if (scramble_block_map &&
493 ext2fs_test_block_bitmap2(scramble_block_map, blk))
494 scramble_dir_block(fs, blk, buf);
495 if ((fd != 1) && check_zero_block(buf, fs->blocksize))
497 write_block(fd, buf, sparse, fs->blocksize, blk);
502 write_block(fd, zero_buf, 0,
506 sparse += fs->blocksize;
507 if (sparse >= 1024*1024) {
509 write_block(fd, 0, sparse, 0, 0);
515 write_block(fd, zero_buf, sparse-1, 1, -1);
516 ext2fs_free_mem(&zero_buf);
517 ext2fs_free_mem(&buf);
520 static void init_l1_table(struct ext2_super_block *sb,
521 struct ext2_qcow2_image *image)
526 ret = ext2fs_get_arrayzero(image->l1_size, sizeof(__u64), &l1_table);
528 com_err(program_name, ret, "while allocating l1 table");
532 image->l1_table = l1_table;
535 static void init_l2_cache(struct ext2_qcow2_image *image)
537 unsigned int count, i;
538 struct ext2_qcow2_l2_cache *cache;
539 struct ext2_qcow2_l2_table *table;
542 ret = ext2fs_get_arrayzero(1, sizeof(struct ext2_qcow2_l2_cache),
547 count = (image->l1_size > L2_CACHE_PREALLOC) ? L2_CACHE_PREALLOC :
550 cache->count = count;
552 cache->next_offset = image->l2_offset;
554 for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
555 ret = ext2fs_get_arrayzero(1,
556 sizeof(struct ext2_qcow2_l2_table), &table);
560 ret = ext2fs_get_arrayzero(image->l2_size,
561 sizeof(__u64), &table->data);
565 table->next = cache->free_head;
566 cache->free_head = table;
569 image->l2_cache = cache;
573 com_err(program_name, ret, "while allocating l2 cache");
577 static void put_l2_cache(struct ext2_qcow2_image *image)
579 struct ext2_qcow2_l2_cache *cache = image->l2_cache;
580 struct ext2_qcow2_l2_table *tmp, *table;
585 table = cache->free_head;
586 cache->free_head = NULL;
591 ext2fs_free_mem(&tmp->data);
592 ext2fs_free_mem(&tmp);
595 if (cache->free != cache->count) {
596 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: There are still tables in the "
597 "cache while putting the cache, data will "
598 "be lost so the image may not be valid.\n");
599 table = cache->used_head;
600 cache->used_head = NULL;
604 ext2fs_free_mem(&cache);
607 static int init_refcount(struct ext2_qcow2_image *img, blk64_t table_offset)
609 struct ext2_qcow2_refcount *ref;
610 blk64_t table_clusters;
613 ref = &(img->refcount);
616 * One refcount block addresses 2048 clusters, one refcount table
617 * addresses cluster/sizeof(__u64) refcount blocks, and we need
618 * to address meta_blocks_count clusters + qcow2 metadata clusters
621 table_clusters = meta_blocks_count + (table_offset >>
623 table_clusters >>= (img->cluster_bits + 6 - 1);
624 table_clusters = (table_clusters == 0) ? 1 : table_clusters;
626 ref->refcount_table_offset = table_offset;
627 ref->refcount_table_clusters = table_clusters;
628 ref->refcount_table_index = 0;
629 ref->refcount_block_index = 0;
631 /* Allocate refcount table */
632 ret = ext2fs_get_arrayzero(ref->refcount_table_clusters,
633 img->cluster_size, &ref->refcount_table);
637 /* Allocate refcount block */
638 ret = ext2fs_get_arrayzero(1, img->cluster_size, &ref->refcount_block);
640 ext2fs_free_mem(&ref->refcount_table);
645 static int initialize_qcow2_image(int fd, ext2_filsys fs,
646 struct ext2_qcow2_image *image)
648 struct ext2_qcow2_hdr *header;
649 blk64_t total_size, offset;
650 int shift, l2_bits, header_size, l1_size, ret;
651 int cluster_bits = get_bits_from_size(fs->blocksize);
652 struct ext2_super_block *sb = fs->super;
654 /* Allocate header */
655 ret = ext2fs_get_memzero(sizeof(struct ext2_qcow2_hdr), &header);
659 total_size = ext2fs_blocks_count(sb) << cluster_bits;
660 image->cluster_size = fs->blocksize;
661 image->l2_size = 1 << (cluster_bits - 3);
662 image->cluster_bits = cluster_bits;
665 header->magic = ext2fs_cpu_to_be32(QCOW_MAGIC);
666 header->version = ext2fs_cpu_to_be32(QCOW_VERSION);
667 header->size = ext2fs_cpu_to_be64(total_size);
668 header->cluster_bits = ext2fs_cpu_to_be32(cluster_bits);
670 header_size = (sizeof(struct ext2_qcow2_hdr) + 7) & ~7;
671 offset = align_offset(header_size, image->cluster_size);
673 header->l1_table_offset = ext2fs_cpu_to_be64(offset);
674 image->l1_offset = offset;
676 l2_bits = cluster_bits - 3;
677 shift = cluster_bits + l2_bits;
678 l1_size = ((total_size + (1LL << shift) - 1) >> shift);
679 header->l1_size = ext2fs_cpu_to_be32(l1_size);
680 image->l1_size = l1_size;
682 /* Make space for L1 table */
683 offset += align_offset(l1_size * sizeof(blk64_t), image->cluster_size);
685 /* Initialize refcounting */
686 ret = init_refcount(image, offset);
688 ext2fs_free_mem(&header);
691 header->refcount_table_offset = ext2fs_cpu_to_be64(offset);
692 header->refcount_table_clusters =
693 ext2fs_cpu_to_be32(image->refcount.refcount_table_clusters);
694 offset += image->cluster_size;
695 offset += image->refcount.refcount_table_clusters <<
698 /* Make space for L2 tables */
699 image->l2_offset = offset;
700 offset += image->cluster_size;
702 /* Make space for first refcount block */
703 image->refcount.refcount_block_offset = offset;
706 /* Initialize l1 and l2 tables */
707 init_l1_table(sb, image);
708 init_l2_cache(image);
713 static void free_qcow2_image(struct ext2_qcow2_image *img)
719 ext2fs_free_mem(&img->hdr);
722 ext2fs_free_mem(&img->l1_table);
724 if (img->refcount.refcount_table)
725 ext2fs_free_mem(&img->refcount.refcount_table);
726 if (img->refcount.refcount_block)
727 ext2fs_free_mem(&img->refcount.refcount_block);
731 ext2fs_free_mem(&img);
735 * Put table from used list (used_head) into free list (free_head).
736 * l2_table is used to return pointer to the next used table (used_head).
738 static void put_used_table(struct ext2_qcow2_image *img,
739 struct ext2_qcow2_l2_table **l2_table)
741 struct ext2_qcow2_l2_cache *cache = img->l2_cache;
742 struct ext2_qcow2_l2_table *table;
744 table = cache->used_head;
745 cache->used_head = table->next;
749 cache->used_tail = NULL;
751 /* Clean the table for case we will need to use it again */
752 memset(table->data, 0, img->cluster_size);
753 table->next = cache->free_head;
754 cache->free_head = table;
758 *l2_table = cache->used_head;
761 static void flush_l2_cache(struct ext2_qcow2_image *image)
765 struct ext2_qcow2_l2_cache *cache = image->l2_cache;
766 struct ext2_qcow2_l2_table *table = cache->used_head;
769 /* Store current position */
770 if ((offset = ext2fs_llseek(fd, 0, SEEK_CUR)) < 0)
771 lseek_error_and_exit(errno);
774 while (cache->free < cache->count) {
775 if (seek != table->offset) {
776 if (ext2fs_llseek(fd, table->offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
777 lseek_error_and_exit(errno);
778 seek = table->offset;
781 generic_write(fd, (char *)table->data, image->cluster_size , 0);
782 put_used_table(image, &table);
783 seek += image->cluster_size;
786 /* Restore previous position */
787 if (ext2fs_llseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
788 lseek_error_and_exit(errno);
792 * Get first free table (from free_head) and put it into tail of used list
794 * l2_table is used to return pointer to moved table.
795 * Returns 1 if the cache is full, 0 otherwise.
797 static void get_free_table(struct ext2_qcow2_image *image,
798 struct ext2_qcow2_l2_table **l2_table)
800 struct ext2_qcow2_l2_table *table;
801 struct ext2_qcow2_l2_cache *cache = image->l2_cache;
803 if (0 == cache->free)
804 flush_l2_cache(image);
806 table = cache->free_head;
808 cache->free_head = table->next;
810 if (cache->used_tail)
811 cache->used_tail->next = table;
813 /* First item in the used list */
814 cache->used_head = table;
816 cache->used_tail = table;
822 static int add_l2_item(struct ext2_qcow2_image *img, blk64_t blk,
823 blk64_t data, blk64_t next)
825 struct ext2_qcow2_l2_cache *cache = img->l2_cache;
826 struct ext2_qcow2_l2_table *table = cache->used_tail;
827 blk64_t l1_index = blk / img->l2_size;
828 blk64_t l2_index = blk & (img->l2_size - 1);
832 * Need to create new table if it does not exist,
835 if (!table || (table->l1_index != l1_index)) {
836 get_free_table(img, &table);
837 table->l1_index = l1_index;
838 table->offset = cache->next_offset;
839 cache->next_offset = next;
840 img->l1_table[l1_index] =
841 ext2fs_cpu_to_be64(table->offset | QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED);
845 table->data[l2_index] = ext2fs_cpu_to_be64(data | QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED);
849 static int update_refcount(int fd, struct ext2_qcow2_image *img,
850 blk64_t offset, blk64_t rfblk_pos)
852 struct ext2_qcow2_refcount *ref;
856 ref = &(img->refcount);
857 table_index = offset >> (2 * img->cluster_bits - 1);
860 * Need to create new refcount block when the offset addresses
861 * another item in the refcount table
863 if (table_index != ref->refcount_table_index) {
865 if (ext2fs_llseek(fd, ref->refcount_block_offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
866 lseek_error_and_exit(errno);
868 generic_write(fd, (char *)ref->refcount_block,
869 img->cluster_size, 0);
870 memset(ref->refcount_block, 0, img->cluster_size);
872 ref->refcount_table[ref->refcount_table_index] =
873 ext2fs_cpu_to_be64(ref->refcount_block_offset);
874 ref->refcount_block_offset = rfblk_pos;
875 ref->refcount_block_index = 0;
876 ref->refcount_table_index = table_index;
881 * We are relying on the fact that we are creating the qcow2
882 * image sequentially, hence we will always allocate refcount
883 * block items sequentialy.
885 ref->refcount_block[ref->refcount_block_index] = ext2fs_cpu_to_be16(1);
886 ref->refcount_block_index++;
890 static int sync_refcount(int fd, struct ext2_qcow2_image *img)
892 struct ext2_qcow2_refcount *ref;
894 ref = &(img->refcount);
896 ref->refcount_table[ref->refcount_table_index] =
897 ext2fs_cpu_to_be64(ref->refcount_block_offset);
898 if (ext2fs_llseek(fd, ref->refcount_table_offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
899 lseek_error_and_exit(errno);
900 generic_write(fd, (char *)ref->refcount_table,
901 ref->refcount_table_clusters << img->cluster_bits, 0);
903 if (ext2fs_llseek(fd, ref->refcount_block_offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
904 lseek_error_and_exit(errno);
905 generic_write(fd, (char *)ref->refcount_block, img->cluster_size, 0);
909 static void output_qcow2_meta_data_blocks(ext2_filsys fs, int fd)
912 blk64_t blk, offset, size, end;
914 struct ext2_qcow2_image *img;
915 unsigned int header_size;
917 /* allocate struct ext2_qcow2_image */
918 retval = ext2fs_get_mem(sizeof(struct ext2_qcow2_image), &img);
920 com_err(program_name, retval,
921 "while allocating ext2_qcow2_image");
925 retval = initialize_qcow2_image(fd, fs, img);
927 com_err(program_name, retval,
928 "while initializing ext2_qcow2_image");
931 header_size = align_offset(sizeof(struct ext2_qcow2_hdr),
933 write_header(fd, img->hdr, sizeof(struct ext2_qcow2_hdr), header_size);
935 /* Refcount all qcow2 related metadata up to refcount_block_offset */
936 end = img->refcount.refcount_block_offset;
937 if (ext2fs_llseek(fd, end, SEEK_SET) < 0)
938 lseek_error_and_exit(errno);
939 blk = end + img->cluster_size;
940 for (offset = 0; offset <= end; offset += img->cluster_size) {
941 if (update_refcount(fd, img, offset, blk)) {
942 blk += img->cluster_size;
944 * If we create new refcount block, we need to refcount
947 end += img->cluster_size;
950 if (ext2fs_llseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
951 lseek_error_and_exit(errno);
953 retval = ext2fs_get_mem(fs->blocksize, &buf);
955 com_err(program_name, retval, "while allocating buffer");
958 /* Write qcow2 data blocks */
959 for (blk = 0; blk < ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super); blk++) {
960 if ((blk >= fs->super->s_first_data_block) &&
961 ext2fs_test_block_bitmap2(meta_block_map, blk)) {
962 retval = io_channel_read_blk64(fs->io, blk, 1, buf);
964 com_err(program_name, retval,
965 "error reading block %llu", blk);
968 if (scramble_block_map &&
969 ext2fs_test_block_bitmap2(scramble_block_map, blk))
970 scramble_dir_block(fs, blk, buf);
971 if (check_zero_block(buf, fs->blocksize))
974 if (update_refcount(fd, img, offset, offset)) {
975 /* Make space for another refcount block */
976 offset += img->cluster_size;
977 if (ext2fs_llseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
978 lseek_error_and_exit(errno);
980 * We have created the new refcount block, this
981 * means that we need to refcount it as well.
982 * So the previous update_refcount refcounted
983 * the block itself and now we are going to
984 * create refcount for data. New refcount
985 * block should not be created!
987 if (update_refcount(fd, img, offset, offset)) {
988 fprintf(stderr, "Programming error: "
989 "multiple sequential refcount "
990 "blocks created!\n");
995 generic_write(fd, buf, fs->blocksize, 0);
997 if (add_l2_item(img, blk, offset,
998 offset + img->cluster_size)) {
999 offset += img->cluster_size;
1000 if (update_refcount(fd, img, offset,
1001 offset + img->cluster_size)) {
1002 offset += img->cluster_size;
1003 if (update_refcount(fd, img, offset,
1006 "Programming error: multiple sequential refcount "
1007 "blocks created!\n");
1011 offset += img->cluster_size;
1012 if (ext2fs_llseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
1013 lseek_error_and_exit(errno);
1017 offset += img->cluster_size;
1020 update_refcount(fd, img, offset, offset);
1021 flush_l2_cache(img);
1022 sync_refcount(fd, img);
1025 if (ext2fs_llseek(fd, img->l1_offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
1026 lseek_error_and_exit(errno);
1027 size = img->l1_size * sizeof(__u64);
1028 generic_write(fd, (char *)img->l1_table, size, 0);
1030 ext2fs_free_mem(&buf);
1031 free_qcow2_image(img);
1034 static void write_raw_image_file(ext2_filsys fs, int fd, int type, int flags)
1036 struct process_block_struct pb;
1037 struct ext2_inode inode;
1038 ext2_inode_scan scan;
1043 meta_blocks_count = 0;
1044 retval = ext2fs_allocate_block_bitmap(fs, "in-use block map",
1047 com_err(program_name, retval, "while allocating block bitmap");
1051 if (flags & E2IMAGE_SCRAMBLE_FLAG) {
1052 retval = ext2fs_allocate_block_bitmap(fs, "scramble block map",
1053 &scramble_block_map);
1055 com_err(program_name, retval,
1056 "while allocating scramble block bitmap");
1061 mark_table_blocks(fs);
1063 retval = ext2fs_open_inode_scan(fs, 0, &scan);
1065 com_err(program_name, retval, _("while opening inode scan"));
1069 retval = ext2fs_get_mem(fs->blocksize * 3, &block_buf);
1071 com_err(program_name, 0, "Can't allocate block buffer");
1075 use_inode_shortcuts(fs, 1);
1076 stashed_inode = &inode;
1078 retval = ext2fs_get_next_inode(scan, &ino, &inode);
1079 if (retval == EXT2_ET_BAD_BLOCK_IN_INODE_TABLE)
1082 com_err(program_name, retval,
1083 _("while getting next inode"));
1088 if (!inode.i_links_count)
1090 if (ext2fs_file_acl_block(fs, &inode)) {
1091 ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap2(meta_block_map,
1092 ext2fs_file_acl_block(fs, &inode));
1093 meta_blocks_count++;
1095 if (!ext2fs_inode_has_valid_blocks2(fs, &inode))
1100 pb.is_dir = LINUX_S_ISDIR(inode.i_mode);
1101 if (LINUX_S_ISDIR(inode.i_mode) ||
1102 (LINUX_S_ISLNK(inode.i_mode) &&
1103 ext2fs_inode_has_valid_blocks2(fs, &inode)) ||
1104 ino == fs->super->s_journal_inum) {
1105 retval = ext2fs_block_iterate3(fs, ino,
1106 BLOCK_FLAG_READ_ONLY, block_buf,
1107 process_dir_block, &pb);
1109 com_err(program_name, retval,
1110 "while iterating over inode %u",
1115 if ((inode.i_flags & EXT4_EXTENTS_FL) ||
1116 inode.i_block[EXT2_IND_BLOCK] ||
1117 inode.i_block[EXT2_DIND_BLOCK] ||
1118 inode.i_block[EXT2_TIND_BLOCK]) {
1119 retval = ext2fs_block_iterate3(fs,
1120 ino, BLOCK_FLAG_READ_ONLY, block_buf,
1121 process_file_block, &pb);
1123 com_err(program_name, retval,
1124 "while iterating over inode %u", ino);
1130 use_inode_shortcuts(fs, 0);
1132 if (type & E2IMAGE_QCOW2)
1133 output_qcow2_meta_data_blocks(fs, fd);
1135 output_meta_data_blocks(fs, fd);
1137 ext2fs_free_mem(&block_buf);
1138 ext2fs_close_inode_scan(scan);
1139 ext2fs_free_block_bitmap(meta_block_map);
1140 if (type & E2IMAGE_SCRAMBLE_FLAG)
1141 ext2fs_free_block_bitmap(scramble_block_map);
1144 static void install_image(char *device, char *image_fn, int type)
1148 int open_flag = EXT2_FLAG_IMAGE_FILE;
1154 com_err(program_name, 0, "Raw and qcow2 images cannot"
1159 #ifdef CONFIG_TESTIO_DEBUG
1160 if (getenv("TEST_IO_FLAGS") || getenv("TEST_IO_BLOCK")) {
1161 io_ptr = test_io_manager;
1162 test_io_backing_manager = unix_io_manager;
1165 io_ptr = unix_io_manager;
1167 retval = ext2fs_open (image_fn, open_flag, 0, 0,
1170 com_err (program_name, retval, _("while trying to open %s"),
1175 retval = ext2fs_read_bitmaps (fs);
1177 com_err(program_name, retval, "error reading bitmaps");
1181 fd = ext2fs_open_file(image_fn, O_RDONLY, 0);
1187 retval = io_ptr->open(device, IO_FLAG_RW, &io);
1189 com_err(device, 0, "while opening device file");
1193 ext2fs_rewrite_to_io(fs, io);
1195 if (ext2fs_llseek(fd, fs->image_header->offset_inode, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
1196 perror("ext2fs_llseek");
1200 retval = ext2fs_image_inode_read(fs, fd, 0);
1202 com_err(image_fn, 0, "while restoring the image table");
1210 static struct ext2_qcow2_hdr *check_qcow2_image(int *fd, char *name)
1213 *fd = ext2fs_open_file(name, O_RDONLY, 0600);
1217 return qcow2_read_header(*fd);
1220 int main (int argc, char ** argv)
1226 struct ext2_qcow2_hdr *header = NULL;
1227 int open_flag = EXT2_FLAG_64BITS;
1235 setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, "");
1236 setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1237 bindtextdomain(NLS_CAT_NAME, LOCALEDIR);
1238 textdomain(NLS_CAT_NAME);
1239 set_com_err_gettext(gettext);
1241 fprintf (stderr, "e2image %s (%s)\n", E2FSPROGS_VERSION,
1244 program_name = *argv;
1245 add_error_table(&et_ext2_error_table);
1246 while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "rsIQ")) != EOF)
1249 flags |= E2IMAGE_INSTALL_FLAG;
1254 img_type |= E2IMAGE_QCOW2;
1259 img_type |= E2IMAGE_RAW;
1262 flags |= E2IMAGE_SCRAMBLE_FLAG;
1267 if (optind != argc - 2 )
1269 device_name = argv[optind];
1270 image_fn = argv[optind+1];
1272 if (flags & E2IMAGE_INSTALL_FLAG) {
1273 install_image(device_name, image_fn, img_type);
1277 if (img_type & E2IMAGE_RAW) {
1278 header = check_qcow2_image(&qcow2_fd, device_name);
1280 flags |= E2IMAGE_IS_QCOW2_FLAG;
1285 retval = ext2fs_open (device_name, open_flag, 0, 0,
1286 unix_io_manager, &fs);
1288 com_err (program_name, retval, _("while trying to open %s"),
1290 fputs(_("Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock.\n"), stdout);
1295 if (strcmp(image_fn, "-") == 0)
1298 fd = ext2fs_open_file(image_fn, O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_WRONLY, 0600);
1300 com_err(program_name, errno,
1301 _("while trying to open %s"), argv[optind+1]);
1306 if ((img_type & E2IMAGE_QCOW2) && (fd == 1)) {
1307 com_err(program_name, 0, "QCOW2 image can not be written to "
1312 if (flags & E2IMAGE_IS_QCOW2_FLAG) {
1313 ret = qcow2_write_raw_image(qcow2_fd, fd, header);
1315 if (ret == -QCOW_COMPRESSED)
1316 fprintf(stderr, "Image (%s) is compressed\n",
1318 if (ret == -QCOW_ENCRYPTED)
1319 fprintf(stderr, "Image (%s) is encrypted\n",
1321 com_err(program_name, ret,
1322 _("while trying to convert qcow2 image"
1323 " (%s) into raw image (%s)"),
1324 device_name, image_fn);
1331 write_raw_image_file(fs, fd, img_type, flags);
1333 write_image_file(fs, fd);
1341 remove_error_table(&et_ext2_error_table);