misc/badblocks.c

   1 /*
   2  * badblocks.c          - Bad blocks checker
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994  Remy Card <card@masi.ibp.fr>
   5  *                                 Laboratoire MASI, Institut Blaise Pascal
   6  *                                 Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI)
   7  *
   8  * Copyright 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 by Theodore Ts'o
   9  * Copyright 1999 by David Beattie
  10  *
  11  * This file is based on the minix file system programs fsck and mkfs
  12  * written and copyrighted by Linus Torvalds <Linus.Torvalds@cs.helsinki.fi>
  13  *
  14  * %Begin-Header%
  15  * This file may be redistributed under the terms of the GNU Public
  16  * License.
  17  * %End-Header%
  18  */
  19
  20 /*
  21  * History:
  22  * 93/05/26     - Creation from e2fsck
  23  * 94/02/27     - Made a separate bad blocks checker
  24  * 99/06/30...99/07/26 - Added non-destructive write-testing,
  25  *                       configurable blocks-at-once parameter,
  26  *                       loading of badblocks list to avoid testing
  27  *                       blocks known to be bad, multiple passes to
  28  *                       make sure that no new blocks are added to the
  29  *                       list.  (Work done by David Beattie)
  30  */
  31
  32 #ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
  33 #define _GNU_SOURCE /* for O_DIRECT */
  34 #endif
  35
  36 #ifndef O_LARGEFILE
  37 #define O_LARGEFILE 0
  38 #endif
  39
  40 #include "config.h"
  41 #include <errno.h>
  42 #include <fcntl.h>
  43 #ifdef HAVE_GETOPT_H
  44 #include <getopt.h>
  45 #else
  46 extern char *optarg;
  47 extern int optind;
  48 #endif
  49 #include <signal.h>
  50 #include <stdio.h>
  51 #include <stdlib.h>
  52 #include <string.h>
  53 #include <unistd.h>
  54 #include <setjmp.h>
  55 #include <time.h>
  56 #include <limits.h>
  57
  58 #include <sys/time.h>
  59 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  60 #include <sys/types.h>
  61
  62 #include "et/com_err.h"
  63 #include "ext2fs/ext2_io.h"
  64 #include "ext2fs/ext2_fs.h"
  65 #include "ext2fs/ext2fs.h"
  66 #include "nls-enable.h"
  67
  68 const char * program_name = "badblocks";
  69 const char * done_string = N_("done                                                 \n");
  70
  71 static int v_flag;                      /* verbose */
  72 static int w_flag;                      /* do r/w test: 0=no, 1=yes,
  73                                          * 2=non-destructive */
  74 static int s_flag;                      /* show progress of test */
  75 static int force;                       /* force check of mounted device */
  76 static int t_flag;                      /* number of test patterns */
  77 static int t_max;                       /* allocated test patterns */
  78 static unsigned int *t_patts;           /* test patterns */
  79 static int use_buffered_io;
  80 static int exclusive_ok;
  81 static unsigned int max_bb;             /* Abort test if more than this number of bad blocks has been encountered */
  82 static unsigned int d_flag;             /* delay factor between reads */
  83 static struct timeval time_start;
  84
  85 #define T_INC 32
  86
  87 unsigned int sys_page_size = 4096;
  88
  89 static void usage(void)
  90 {
  91         fprintf(stderr, _(
  92 "Usage: %s [-b block_size] [-i input_file] [-o output_file] [-svwnf]\n"
  93 "       [-c blocks_at_once] [-d delay_factor_between_reads] [-e max_bad_blocks]\n"
  94 "       [-p num_passes] [-t test_pattern [-t test_pattern [...]]]\n"
  95 "       device [last_block [first_block]]\n"),
  96                  program_name);
  97         exit (1);
  98 }
  99
 100 static void exclusive_usage(void)
 101 {
 102         fprintf(stderr,
 103                 _("%s: The -n and -w options are mutually exclusive.\n\n"),
 104                 program_name);
 105         exit(1);
 106 }
 107
 108 static blk_t currently_testing = 0;
 109 static blk_t num_blocks = 0;
 110 static blk_t num_read_errors = 0;
 111 static blk_t num_write_errors = 0;
 112 static blk_t num_corruption_errors = 0;
 113 static ext2_badblocks_list bb_list = NULL;
 114 static FILE *out;
 115 static blk_t next_bad = 0;
 116 static ext2_badblocks_iterate bb_iter = NULL;
 117
 118 enum error_types { READ_ERROR, WRITE_ERROR, CORRUPTION_ERROR };
 119
 120 static void *allocate_buffer(size_t size)
 121 {
 122         void    *ret = 0;
 123
 124 #ifdef HAVE_POSIX_MEMALIGN
 125         if (posix_memalign(&ret, sys_page_size, size) < 0)
 126                 ret = 0;
 127 #else
 128 #ifdef HAVE_MEMALIGN
 129         ret = memalign(sys_page_size, size);
 130 #else
 131 #ifdef HAVE_VALLOC
 132         ret = valloc(size);
 133 #endif /* HAVE_VALLOC */
 134 #endif /* HAVE_MEMALIGN */
 135 #endif /* HAVE_POSIX_MEMALIGN */
 136
 137         if (!ret)
 138                 ret = malloc(size);
 139
 140         return ret;
 141 }
 142
 143 /*
 144  * This routine reports a new bad block.  If the bad block has already
 145  * been seen before, then it returns 0; otherwise it returns 1.
 146  */
 147 static int bb_output (blk_t bad, enum error_types error_type)
 148 {
 149         errcode_t errcode;
 150
 151         if (ext2fs_badblocks_list_test(bb_list, bad))
 152                 return 0;
 153
 154         fprintf(out, "%lu\n", (unsigned long) bad);
 155         fflush(out);
 156
 157         errcode = ext2fs_badblocks_list_add (bb_list, bad);
 158         if (errcode) {
 159                 com_err (program_name, errcode, "adding to in-memory bad block list");
 160                 exit (1);
 161         }
 162
 163         /* kludge:
 164            increment the iteration through the bb_list if
 165            an element was just added before the current iteration
 166            position.  This should not cause next_bad to change. */
 167         if (bb_iter && bad < next_bad)
 168                 ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate (bb_iter, &next_bad);
 169
 170         if (error_type == READ_ERROR) {
 171           num_read_errors++;
 172         } else if (error_type == WRITE_ERROR) {
 173           num_write_errors++;
 174         } else if (error_type == CORRUPTION_ERROR) {
 175           num_corruption_errors++;
 176         }
 177         return 1;
 178 }
 179
 180 static char *time_diff_format(struct timeval *tv1,
 181                               struct timeval *tv2, char *buf)
 182 {
 183         time_t  diff = (tv1->tv_sec - tv2->tv_sec);
 184         int     hr,min,sec;
 185
 186         sec = diff % 60;
 187         diff /= 60;
 188         min = diff % 60;
 189         hr = diff / 60;
 190
 191         if (hr)
 192                 sprintf(buf, "%d:%02d:%02d", hr, min, sec);
 193         else
 194                 sprintf(buf, "%d:%02d", min, sec);
 195         return buf;
 196 }
 197
 198 static float calc_percent(unsigned long current, unsigned long total) {
 199         float percent = 0.0;
 200         if (total <= 0)
 201                 return percent;
 202         if (current >= total) {
 203                 percent = 100.0;
 204         } else {
 205                 percent=(100.0*(float)current/(float)total);
 206         }
 207         return percent;
 208 }
 209
 210 static void print_status(void)
 211 {
 212         struct timeval time_end;
 213         char diff_buf[32], line_buf[128];
 214         int len;
 215
 216         gettimeofday(&time_end, 0);
 217         len = snprintf(line_buf, sizeof(line_buf),
 218                        _("%6.2f%% done, %s elapsed. "
 219                          "(%d/%d/%d errors)"),
 220                        calc_percent((unsigned long) currently_testing,
 221                                     (unsigned long) num_blocks),
 222                        time_diff_format(&time_end, &time_start, diff_buf),
 223                        num_read_errors,
 224                        num_write_errors,
 225                        num_corruption_errors);
 226 #ifdef HAVE_MBSTOWCS
 227         len = mbstowcs(NULL, line_buf, sizeof(line_buf));
 228 #endif
 229         fputs(line_buf, stderr);
 230         memset(line_buf, '\b', len);
 231         line_buf[len] = 0;
 232         fputs(line_buf, stderr);
 233         fflush (stderr);
 234 }
 235
 236 static void alarm_intr(int alnum EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)))
 237 {
 238         signal (SIGALRM, alarm_intr);
 239         alarm(1);
 240         if (!num_blocks)
 241                 return;
 242         print_status();
 243 }
 244
 245 static void *terminate_addr = NULL;
 246
 247 static void terminate_intr(int signo EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)))
 248 {
 249         fflush(out);
 250         fprintf(stderr, "\n\nInterrupted at block %llu\n",
 251                 (unsigned long long) currently_testing);
 252         fflush(stderr);
 253         if (terminate_addr)
 254                 longjmp(terminate_addr,1);
 255         exit(1);
 256 }
 257
 258 static void capture_terminate(jmp_buf term_addr)
 259 {
 260         terminate_addr = term_addr;
 261         signal (SIGHUP, terminate_intr);
 262         signal (SIGINT, terminate_intr);
 263         signal (SIGPIPE, terminate_intr);
 264         signal (SIGTERM, terminate_intr);
 265         signal (SIGUSR1, terminate_intr);
 266         signal (SIGUSR2, terminate_intr);
 267 }
 268
 269 static void uncapture_terminate(void)
 270 {
 271         terminate_addr = NULL;
 272         signal (SIGHUP, SIG_DFL);
 273         signal (SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
 274         signal (SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);
 275         signal (SIGTERM, SIG_DFL);
 276         signal (SIGUSR1, SIG_DFL);
 277         signal (SIGUSR2, SIG_DFL);
 278 }
 279
 280 /* Linux requires that O_DIRECT I/Os be 512-byte sector aligned */
 281
 282 #define O_DIRECT_SIZE 512
 283
 284 static void set_o_direct(int dev, unsigned char *buffer, size_t size,
 285                          ext2_loff_t offset)
 286 {
 287 #ifdef O_DIRECT
 288         static int current_O_DIRECT;    /* Current status of O_DIRECT flag */
 289         int new_flag = O_DIRECT;
 290         int flag;
 291
 292         if ((use_buffered_io != 0) ||
 293             (((unsigned long) buffer & (sys_page_size - 1)) != 0) ||
 294             ((size & (sys_page_size - 1)) != 0) ||
 295             ((offset & (O_DIRECT_SIZE - 1)) != 0))
 296                 new_flag = 0;
 297
 298         if (new_flag != current_O_DIRECT) {
 299              /* printf("%s O_DIRECT\n", new_flag ? "Setting" : "Clearing"); */
 300                 flag = fcntl(dev, F_GETFL);
 301                 if (flag > 0) {
 302                         flag = (flag & ~O_DIRECT) | new_flag;
 303                         fcntl(dev, F_SETFL, flag);
 304                 }
 305                 current_O_DIRECT = new_flag;
 306         }
 307 #endif
 308 }
 309
 310
 311 static void pattern_fill(unsigned char *buffer, unsigned int pattern,
 312                          size_t n)
 313 {
 314         unsigned int    i, nb;
 315         unsigned char   bpattern[sizeof(pattern)], *ptr;
 316
 317         if (pattern == (unsigned int) ~0) {
 318                 for (ptr = buffer; ptr < buffer + n; ptr++) {
 319                         (*ptr) = random() % (1 << (8 * sizeof(char)));
 320                 }
 321                 if (s_flag | v_flag)
 322                         fputs(_("Testing with random pattern: "), stderr);
 323         } else {
 324                 bpattern[0] = 0;
 325                 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(bpattern); i++) {
 326                         if (pattern == 0)
 327                                 break;
 328                         bpattern[i] = pattern & 0xFF;
 329                         pattern = pattern >> 8;
 330                 }
 331                 nb = i ? (i-1) : 0;
 332                 for (ptr = buffer, i = nb; ptr < buffer + n; ptr++) {
 333                         *ptr = bpattern[i];
 334                         if (i == 0)
 335                                 i = nb;
 336                         else
 337                                 i--;
 338                 }
 339                 if (s_flag | v_flag) {
 340                         fputs(_("Testing with pattern 0x"), stderr);
 341                         for (i = 0; i <= nb; i++)
 342                                 fprintf(stderr, "%02x", buffer[i]);
 343                         fputs(": ", stderr);
 344                 }
 345         }
 346 }
 347
 348 /*
 349  * Perform a read of a sequence of blocks; return the number of blocks
 350  *    successfully sequentially read.
 351  */
 352 static int do_read (int dev, unsigned char * buffer, int try, int block_size,
 353                     blk_t current_block)
 354 {
 355         long got;
 356         struct timeval tv1, tv2;
 357 #define NANOSEC (1000000000L)
 358 #define MILISEC (1000L)
 359
 360 #if 0
 361         printf("do_read: block %d, try %d\n", current_block, try);
 362 #endif
 363         set_o_direct(dev, buffer, try * block_size,
 364                      ((ext2_loff_t) current_block) * block_size);
 365
 366         if (v_flag > 1)
 367                 print_status();
 368
 369         /* Seek to the correct loc. */
 370         if (ext2fs_llseek (dev, (ext2_loff_t) current_block * block_size,
 371                          SEEK_SET) != (ext2_loff_t) current_block * block_size)
 372                 com_err (program_name, errno, _("during seek"));
 373
 374         /* Try the read */
 375         if (d_flag)
 376                 gettimeofday(&tv1, NULL);
 377         got = read (dev, buffer, try * block_size);
 378         if (d_flag)
 379                 gettimeofday(&tv2, NULL);
 380         if (got < 0)
 381                 got = 0;
 382         if (got & 511)
 383                 fprintf(stderr, _("Weird value (%ld) in do_read\n"), got);
 384         got /= block_size;
 385         if (d_flag && got == try) {
 386 #ifdef HAVE_NANOSLEEP
 387                 struct timespec ts;
 388                 ts.tv_sec = tv2.tv_sec - tv1.tv_sec;
 389                 ts.tv_nsec = (tv2.tv_usec - tv1.tv_usec) * MILISEC;
 390                 if (ts.tv_nsec < 0) {
 391                         ts.tv_nsec += NANOSEC;
 392                         ts.tv_sec -= 1;
 393                 }
 394                 /* increase/decrease the sleep time based on d_flag value */
 395                 ts.tv_sec = ts.tv_sec * d_flag / 100;
 396                 ts.tv_nsec = ts.tv_nsec * d_flag / 100;
 397                 if (ts.tv_nsec > NANOSEC) {
 398                         ts.tv_sec += ts.tv_nsec / NANOSEC;
 399                         ts.tv_nsec %= NANOSEC;
 400                 }
 401                 if (ts.tv_sec || ts.tv_nsec)
 402                         nanosleep(&ts, NULL);
 403 #else
 404 #ifdef HAVE_USLEEP
 405                 struct timeval tv;
 406                 tv.tv_sec = tv2.tv_sec - tv1.tv_sec;
 407                 tv.tv_usec = tv2.tv_usec - tv1.tv_usec;
 408                 tv.tv_sec = tv.tv_sec * d_flag / 100;
 409                 tv.tv_usec = tv.tv_usec * d_flag / 100;
 410                 if (tv.tv_usec > 1000000) {
 411                         tv.tv_sec += tv.tv_usec / 1000000;
 412                         tv.tv_usec %= 1000000;
 413                 }
 414                 if (tv.tv_sec)
 415                         sleep(tv.tv_sec);
 416                 if (tv.tv_usec)
 417                         usleep(tv.tv_usec);
 418 #endif
 419 #endif
 420         }
 421         return got;
 422 }
 423
 424 /*
 425  * Perform a write of a sequence of blocks; return the number of blocks
 426  *    successfully sequentially written.
 427  */
 428 static int do_write(int dev, unsigned char * buffer, int try, int block_size,
 429                     unsigned long current_block)
 430 {
 431         long got;
 432
 433 #if 0
 434         printf("do_write: block %lu, try %d\n", current_block, try);
 435 #endif
 436         set_o_direct(dev, buffer, try * block_size,
 437                      ((ext2_loff_t) current_block) * block_size);
 438
 439         if (v_flag > 1)
 440                 print_status();
 441
 442         /* Seek to the correct loc. */
 443         if (ext2fs_llseek (dev, (ext2_loff_t) current_block * block_size,
 444                          SEEK_SET) != (ext2_loff_t) current_block * block_size)
 445                 com_err (program_name, errno, _("during seek"));
 446
 447         /* Try the write */
 448         got = write (dev, buffer, try * block_size);
 449         if (got < 0)
 450                 got = 0;
 451         if (got & 511)
 452                 fprintf(stderr, "Weird value (%ld) in do_write\n", got);
 453         got /= block_size;
 454         return got;
 455 }
 456
 457 static int host_dev;
 458
 459 static void flush_bufs(void)
 460 {
 461         errcode_t       retval;
 462
 463 #ifdef O_DIRECT
 464         if (!use_buffered_io)
 465                 return;
 466 #endif
 467         retval = ext2fs_sync_device(host_dev, 1);
 468         if (retval)
 469                 com_err(program_name, retval, _("during ext2fs_sync_device"));
 470 }
 471
 472 static unsigned int test_ro (int dev, blk_t last_block,
 473                              int block_size, blk_t first_block,
 474                              unsigned int blocks_at_once)
 475 {
 476         unsigned char * blkbuf;
 477         int try;
 478         int got;
 479         unsigned int bb_count = 0;
 480         errcode_t errcode;
 481         blk_t recover_block = ~0;
 482
 483         /* set up abend handler */
 484         capture_terminate(NULL);
 485
 486         errcode = ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate_begin(bb_list,&bb_iter);
 487         if (errcode) {
 488                 com_err (program_name, errcode,
 489                          _("while beginning bad block list iteration"));
 490                 exit (1);
 491         }
 492         do {
 493                 ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate (bb_iter, &next_bad);
 494         } while (next_bad && next_bad < first_block);
 495
 496         if (t_flag) {
 497                 blkbuf = allocate_buffer((blocks_at_once + 1) * block_size);
 498         } else {
 499                 blkbuf = allocate_buffer(blocks_at_once * block_size);
 500         }
 501         if (!blkbuf)
 502         {
 503                 com_err (program_name, ENOMEM, _("while allocating buffers"));
 504                 exit (1);
 505         }
 506         if (v_flag) {
 507                 fprintf (stderr, _("Checking blocks %lu to %lu\n"),
 508                          (unsigned long) first_block,
 509                          (unsigned long) last_block - 1);
 510         }
 511         if (t_flag) {
 512                 fputs(_("Checking for bad blocks in read-only mode\n"), stderr);
 513                 pattern_fill(blkbuf + blocks_at_once * block_size,
 514                              t_patts[0], block_size);
 515         }
 516         flush_bufs();
 517         try = blocks_at_once;
 518         currently_testing = first_block;
 519         num_blocks = last_block - 1;
 520         if (!t_flag && (s_flag || v_flag))
 521                 fputs(_("Checking for bad blocks (read-only test): "), stderr);
 522         if (s_flag && v_flag <= 1)
 523                 alarm_intr(SIGALRM);
 524         while (currently_testing < last_block)
 525         {
 526                 if (max_bb && bb_count >= max_bb) {
 527                         if (s_flag || v_flag) {
 528                                 fputs(_("Too many bad blocks, aborting test\n"), stderr);
 529                         }
 530                         break;
 531                 }
 532                 if (next_bad) {
 533                         if (currently_testing == next_bad) {
 534                                 /* fprintf (out, "%lu\n", nextbad); */
 535                                 ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate (bb_iter, &next_bad);
 536                                 currently_testing++;
 537                                 continue;
 538                         }
 539                         else if (currently_testing + try > next_bad)
 540                                 try = next_bad - currently_testing;
 541                 }
 542                 if (currently_testing + try > last_block)
 543                         try = last_block - currently_testing;
 544                 got = do_read (dev, blkbuf, try, block_size, currently_testing);
 545                 if (t_flag) {
 546                         /* test the comparison between all the
 547                            blocks successfully read  */
 548                         int i;
 549                         for (i = 0; i < got; ++i)
 550                                 if (memcmp (blkbuf+i*block_size,
 551                                             blkbuf+blocks_at_once*block_size,
 552                                             block_size))
 553                                         bb_count += bb_output(currently_testing + i, CORRUPTION_ERROR);
 554                 }
 555                 if (got == 0 && try == 1)
 556                         bb_count += bb_output(currently_testing++, READ_ERROR);
 557                 currently_testing += got;
 558                 if (got != try) {
 559                         try = 1;
 560                         if (recover_block == ~0)
 561                                 recover_block = currently_testing - got +
 562                                         blocks_at_once;
 563                         continue;
 564                 } else if (currently_testing == recover_block) {
 565                         try = blocks_at_once;
 566                         recover_block = ~0;
 567                 }
 568         }
 569         num_blocks = 0;
 570         alarm(0);
 571         if (s_flag || v_flag)
 572                 fputs(_(done_string), stderr);
 573
 574         fflush (stderr);
 575         free (blkbuf);
 576
 577         ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate_end(bb_iter);
 578
 579         uncapture_terminate();
 580
 581         return bb_count;
 582 }
 583
 584 static unsigned int test_rw (int dev, blk_t last_block,
 585                              int block_size, blk_t first_block,
 586                              unsigned int blocks_at_once)
 587 {
 588         unsigned char *buffer, *read_buffer;
 589         const unsigned int patterns[] = {0xaa, 0x55, 0xff, 0x00};
 590         const unsigned int *pattern;
 591         int i, try, got, nr_pattern, pat_idx;
 592         unsigned int bb_count = 0;
 593         blk_t recover_block = ~0;
 594
 595         /* set up abend handler */
 596         capture_terminate(NULL);
 597
 598         buffer = allocate_buffer(2 * blocks_at_once * block_size);
 599         read_buffer = buffer + blocks_at_once * block_size;
 600
 601         if (!buffer) {
 602                 com_err (program_name, ENOMEM, _("while allocating buffers"));
 603                 exit (1);
 604         }
 605
 606         flush_bufs();
 607
 608         if (v_flag) {
 609                 fputs(_("Checking for bad blocks in read-write mode\n"),
 610                       stderr);
 611                 fprintf(stderr, _("From block %lu to %lu\n"),
 612                         (unsigned long) first_block,
 613                         (unsigned long) last_block - 1);
 614         }
 615         if (t_flag) {
 616                 pattern = t_patts;
 617                 nr_pattern = t_flag;
 618         } else {
 619                 pattern = patterns;
 620                 nr_pattern = sizeof(patterns) / sizeof(patterns[0]);
 621         }
 622         for (pat_idx = 0; pat_idx < nr_pattern; pat_idx++) {
 623                 pattern_fill(buffer, pattern[pat_idx],
 624                              blocks_at_once * block_size);
 625                 num_blocks = last_block - 1;
 626                 currently_testing = first_block;
 627                 if (s_flag && v_flag <= 1)
 628                         alarm_intr(SIGALRM);
 629
 630                 try = blocks_at_once;
 631                 while (currently_testing < last_block) {
 632                         if (max_bb && bb_count >= max_bb) {
 633                                 if (s_flag || v_flag) {
 634                                         fputs(_("Too many bad blocks, aborting test\n"), stderr);
 635                                 }
 636                                 break;
 637                         }
 638                         if (currently_testing + try > last_block)
 639                                 try = last_block - currently_testing;
 640                         got = do_write(dev, buffer, try, block_size,
 641                                         currently_testing);
 642                         if (v_flag > 1)
 643                                 print_status();
 644
 645                         if (got == 0 && try == 1)
 646                                 bb_count += bb_output(currently_testing++, WRITE_ERROR);
 647                         currently_testing += got;
 648                         if (got != try) {
 649                                 try = 1;
 650                                 if (recover_block == ~0)
 651                                         recover_block = currently_testing -
 652                                                 got + blocks_at_once;
 653                                 continue;
 654                         } else if (currently_testing == recover_block) {
 655                                 try = blocks_at_once;
 656                                 recover_block = ~0;
 657                         }
 658                 }
 659
 660                 num_blocks = 0;
 661                 alarm (0);
 662                 if (s_flag | v_flag)
 663                         fputs(_(done_string), stderr);
 664                 flush_bufs();
 665                 if (s_flag | v_flag)
 666                         fputs(_("Reading and comparing: "), stderr);
 667                 num_blocks = last_block;
 668                 currently_testing = first_block;
 669                 if (s_flag && v_flag <= 1)
 670                         alarm_intr(SIGALRM);
 671
 672                 try = blocks_at_once;
 673                 while (currently_testing < last_block) {
 674                         if (max_bb && bb_count >= max_bb) {
 675                                 if (s_flag || v_flag) {
 676                                         fputs(_("Too many bad blocks, aborting test\n"), stderr);
 677                                 }
 678                                 break;
 679                         }
 680                         if (currently_testing + try > last_block)
 681                                 try = last_block - currently_testing;
 682                         got = do_read (dev, read_buffer, try, block_size,
 683                                        currently_testing);
 684                         if (got == 0 && try == 1)
 685                                 bb_count += bb_output(currently_testing++, READ_ERROR);
 686                         currently_testing += got;
 687                         if (got != try) {
 688                                 try = 1;
 689                                 if (recover_block == ~0)
 690                                         recover_block = currently_testing -
 691                                                 got + blocks_at_once;
 692                                 continue;
 693                         } else if (currently_testing == recover_block) {
 694                                 try = blocks_at_once;
 695                                 recover_block = ~0;
 696                         }
 697                         for (i=0; i < got; i++) {
 698                                 if (memcmp(read_buffer + i * block_size,
 699                                            buffer + i * block_size,
 700                                            block_size))
 701                                         bb_count += bb_output(currently_testing+i, CORRUPTION_ERROR);
 702                         }
 703                         if (v_flag > 1)
 704                                 print_status();
 705                 }
 706
 707                 num_blocks = 0;
 708                 alarm (0);
 709                 if (s_flag | v_flag)
 710                         fputs(_(done_string), stderr);
 711                 flush_bufs();
 712         }
 713         uncapture_terminate();
 714         free(buffer);
 715         return bb_count;
 716 }
 717
 718 struct saved_blk_record {
 719         blk_t   block;
 720         int     num;
 721 };
 722
 723 static unsigned int test_nd (int dev, blk_t last_block,
 724                              int block_size, blk_t first_block,
 725                              unsigned int blocks_at_once)
 726 {
 727         unsigned char *blkbuf, *save_ptr, *test_ptr, *read_ptr;
 728         unsigned char *test_base, *save_base, *read_base;
 729         int try, i;
 730         const unsigned int patterns[] = { ~0 };
 731         const unsigned int *pattern;
 732         int nr_pattern, pat_idx;
 733         int got, used2, written;
 734         blk_t save_currently_testing;
 735         struct saved_blk_record *test_record;
 736         /* This is static to prevent being clobbered by the longjmp */
 737         static int num_saved;
 738         jmp_buf terminate_env;
 739         errcode_t errcode;
 740         unsigned long buf_used;
 741         static unsigned int bb_count;
 742         int granularity = blocks_at_once;
 743         blk_t recover_block = ~0;
 744
 745         bb_count = 0;
 746         errcode = ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate_begin(bb_list,&bb_iter);
 747         if (errcode) {
 748                 com_err (program_name, errcode,
 749                          _("while beginning bad block list iteration"));
 750                 exit (1);
 751         }
 752         do {
 753                 ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate (bb_iter, &next_bad);
 754         } while (next_bad && next_bad < first_block);
 755
 756         blkbuf = allocate_buffer(3 * blocks_at_once * block_size);
 757         test_record = malloc (blocks_at_once*sizeof(struct saved_blk_record));
 758         if (!blkbuf || !test_record) {
 759                 com_err(program_name, ENOMEM, _("while allocating buffers"));
 760                 exit (1);
 761         }
 762
 763         save_base = blkbuf;
 764         test_base = blkbuf + (blocks_at_once * block_size);
 765         read_base = blkbuf + (2 * blocks_at_once * block_size);
 766
 767         num_saved = 0;
 768
 769         flush_bufs();
 770         if (v_flag) {
 771             fputs(_("Checking for bad blocks in non-destructive read-write mode\n"), stderr);
 772             fprintf (stderr, _("From block %lu to %lu\n"),
 773                      (unsigned long) first_block,
 774                      (unsigned long) last_block - 1);
 775         }
 776         if (s_flag || v_flag > 1) {
 777                 fputs(_("Checking for bad blocks (non-destructive read-write test)\n"), stderr);
 778         }
 779         if (setjmp(terminate_env)) {
 780                 /*
 781                  * Abnormal termination by a signal is handled here.
 782                  */
 783                 signal (SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
 784                 fputs(_("\nInterrupt caught, cleaning up\n"), stderr);
 785
 786                 save_ptr = save_base;
 787                 for (i=0; i < num_saved; i++) {
 788                         do_write(dev, save_ptr, test_record[i].num,
 789                                  block_size, test_record[i].block);
 790                         save_ptr += test_record[i].num * block_size;
 791                 }
 792                 fflush (out);
 793                 exit(1);
 794         }
 795
 796         /* set up abend handler */
 797         capture_terminate(terminate_env);
 798
 799         if (t_flag) {
 800                 pattern = t_patts;
 801                 nr_pattern = t_flag;
 802         } else {
 803                 pattern = patterns;
 804                 nr_pattern = sizeof(patterns) / sizeof(patterns[0]);
 805         }
 806         for (pat_idx = 0; pat_idx < nr_pattern; pat_idx++) {
 807                 pattern_fill(test_base, pattern[pat_idx],
 808                              blocks_at_once * block_size);
 809
 810                 buf_used = 0;
 811                 bb_count = 0;
 812                 save_ptr = save_base;
 813                 test_ptr = test_base;
 814                 currently_testing = first_block;
 815                 num_blocks = last_block - 1;
 816                 if (s_flag && v_flag <= 1)
 817                         alarm_intr(SIGALRM);
 818
 819                 while (currently_testing < last_block) {
 820                         if (max_bb && bb_count >= max_bb) {
 821                                 if (s_flag || v_flag) {
 822                                         fputs(_("Too many bad blocks, aborting test\n"), stderr);
 823                                 }
 824                                 break;
 825                         }
 826                         got = try = granularity - buf_used;
 827                         if (next_bad) {
 828                                 if (currently_testing == next_bad) {
 829                                         /* fprintf (out, "%lu\n", nextbad); */
 830                                         ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate (bb_iter, &next_bad);
 831                                         currently_testing++;
 832                                         goto check_for_more;
 833                                 }
 834                                 else if (currently_testing + try > next_bad)
 835                                         try = next_bad - currently_testing;
 836                         }
 837                         if (currently_testing + try > last_block)
 838                                 try = last_block - currently_testing;
 839                         got = do_read (dev, save_ptr, try, block_size,
 840                                        currently_testing);
 841                         if (got == 0) {
 842                                 if (recover_block == ~0)
 843                                         recover_block = currently_testing +
 844                                                 blocks_at_once;
 845                                 if (granularity != 1) {
 846                                         granularity = 1;
 847                                         continue;
 848                                 }
 849                                 /* First block must have been bad. */
 850                                 bb_count += bb_output(currently_testing++, READ_ERROR);
 851                                 goto check_for_more;
 852                         }
 853
 854                         /*
 855                          * Note the fact that we've saved this much data
 856                          * *before* we overwrite it with test data
 857                          */
 858                         test_record[num_saved].block = currently_testing;
 859                         test_record[num_saved].num = got;
 860                         num_saved++;
 861
 862                         /* Write the test data */
 863                         written = do_write (dev, test_ptr, got, block_size,
 864                                             currently_testing);
 865                         if (written != got)
 866                                 com_err (program_name, errno,
 867                                          _("during test data write, block %lu"),
 868                                          (unsigned long) currently_testing +
 869                                          written);
 870
 871                         buf_used += got;
 872                         save_ptr += got * block_size;
 873                         test_ptr += got * block_size;
 874                         currently_testing += got;
 875                         if (got != try) {
 876                                 try = 1;
 877                                 if (recover_block == ~0)
 878                                         recover_block = currently_testing -
 879                                                 got + blocks_at_once;
 880                                 continue;
 881                         }
 882
 883                 check_for_more:
 884                         /*
 885                          * If there's room for more blocks to be tested this
 886                          * around, and we're not done yet testing the disk, go
 887                          * back and get some more blocks.
 888                          */
 889                         if ((buf_used != granularity) &&
 890                             (currently_testing < last_block))
 891                                 continue;
 892
 893                         if (currently_testing >= recover_block) {
 894                                 granularity = blocks_at_once;
 895                                 recover_block = ~0;
 896                         }
 897
 898                         flush_bufs();
 899                         save_currently_testing = currently_testing;
 900
 901                         /*
 902                          * for each contiguous block that we read into the
 903                          * buffer (and wrote test data into afterwards), read
 904                          * it back (looping if necessary, to get past newly
 905                          * discovered unreadable blocks, of which there should
 906                          * be none, but with a hard drive which is unreliable,
 907                          * it has happened), and compare with the test data
 908                          * that was written; output to the bad block list if
 909                          * it doesn't match.
 910                          */
 911                         used2 = 0;
 912                         save_ptr = save_base;
 913                         test_ptr = test_base;
 914                         read_ptr = read_base;
 915                         try = 0;
 916
 917                         while (1) {
 918                                 if (try == 0) {
 919                                         if (used2 >= num_saved)
 920                                                 break;
 921                                         currently_testing = test_record[used2].block;
 922                                         try = test_record[used2].num;
 923                                         used2++;
 924                                 }
 925
 926                                 got = do_read (dev, read_ptr, try,
 927                                                block_size, currently_testing);
 928
 929                                 /* test the comparison between all the
 930                                    blocks successfully read  */
 931                                 for (i = 0; i < got; ++i)
 932                                         if (memcmp (test_ptr+i*block_size,
 933                                                     read_ptr+i*block_size, block_size))
 934                                                 bb_count += bb_output(currently_testing + i, CORRUPTION_ERROR);
 935                                 if (got < try) {
 936                                         bb_count += bb_output(currently_testing + got, READ_ERROR);
 937                                         got++;
 938                                 }
 939
 940                                 /* write back original data */
 941                                 do_write (dev, save_ptr, got,
 942                                           block_size, currently_testing);
 943                                 save_ptr += got * block_size;
 944
 945                                 currently_testing += got;
 946                                 test_ptr += got * block_size;
 947                                 read_ptr += got * block_size;
 948                                 try -= got;
 949                         }
 950
 951                         /* empty the buffer so it can be reused */
 952                         num_saved = 0;
 953                         buf_used = 0;
 954                         save_ptr = save_base;
 955                         test_ptr = test_base;
 956                         currently_testing = save_currently_testing;
 957                 }
 958                 num_blocks = 0;
 959                 alarm(0);
 960                 if (s_flag || v_flag > 1)
 961                         fputs(_(done_string), stderr);
 962
 963                 flush_bufs();
 964         }
 965         uncapture_terminate();
 966         fflush(stderr);
 967         free(blkbuf);
 968         free(test_record);
 969
 970         ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate_end(bb_iter);
 971
 972         return bb_count;
 973 }
 974
 975 static void check_mount(char *device_name)
 976 {
 977         errcode_t       retval;
 978         int             mount_flags;
 979
 980         retval = ext2fs_check_if_mounted(device_name, &mount_flags);
 981         if (retval) {
 982                 com_err("ext2fs_check_if_mount", retval,
 983                         _("while determining whether %s is mounted."),
 984                         device_name);
 985                 return;
 986         }
 987         if (mount_flags & EXT2_MF_MOUNTED) {
 988                 fprintf(stderr, _("%s is mounted; "), device_name);
 989                 if (force) {
 990                         fputs(_("badblocks forced anyway.  "
 991                                 "Hope /etc/mtab is incorrect.\n"), stderr);
 992                         return;
 993                 }
 994         abort_badblocks:
 995                 fputs(_("it's not safe to run badblocks!\n"), stderr);
 996                 exit(1);
 997         }
 998
 999         if ((mount_flags & EXT2_MF_BUSY) && !exclusive_ok) {
1000                 fprintf(stderr, _("%s is apparently in use by the system; "),
1001                         device_name);
1002                 if (force)
1003                         fputs(_("badblocks forced anyway.\n"), stderr);
1004                 else
1005                         goto abort_badblocks;
1006         }
1007
1008 }
1009
1010 /*
1011  * This function will convert a string to an unsigned long, printing
1012  * an error message if it fails, and returning success or failure in err.
1013  */
1014 static unsigned int parse_uint(const char *str, const char *descr)
1015 {
1016         char            *tmp;
1017         unsigned long   ret;
1018
1019         errno = 0;
1020         ret = strtoul(str, &tmp, 0);
1021         if (*tmp || errno || (ret > UINT_MAX) ||
1022             (ret == ULONG_MAX && errno == ERANGE)) {
1023                 com_err (program_name, 0, _("invalid %s - %s"), descr, str);
1024                 exit (1);
1025         }
1026         return ret;
1027 }
1028
1029 int main (int argc, char ** argv)
1030 {
1031         int c;
1032         char * device_name;
1033         char * host_device_name = NULL;
1034         char * input_file = NULL;
1035         char * output_file = NULL;
1036         FILE * in = NULL;
1037         int block_size = 1024;
1038         unsigned int blocks_at_once = 64;
1039         blk64_t last_block, first_block;
1040         int num_passes = 0;
1041         int passes_clean = 0;
1042         int dev;
1043         errcode_t errcode;
1044         unsigned int pattern;
1045         unsigned int (*test_func)(int, blk_t,
1046                                   int, blk_t,
1047                                   unsigned int);
1048         int open_flag;
1049         long sysval;
1050
1051         setbuf(stdout, NULL);
1052         setbuf(stderr, NULL);
1053 #ifdef ENABLE_NLS
1054         setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, "");
1055         setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1056         bindtextdomain(NLS_CAT_NAME, LOCALEDIR);
1057         textdomain(NLS_CAT_NAME);
1058         set_com_err_gettext(gettext);
1059 #endif
1060         srandom((unsigned int)time(NULL));  /* simple randomness is enough */
1061         test_func = test_ro;
1062
1063         /* Determine the system page size if possible */
1064 #ifdef HAVE_SYSCONF
1065 #if (!defined(_SC_PAGESIZE) && defined(_SC_PAGE_SIZE))
1066 #define _SC_PAGESIZE _SC_PAGE_SIZE
1067 #endif
1068 #ifdef _SC_PAGESIZE
1069         sysval = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
1070         if (sysval > 0)
1071                 sys_page_size = sysval;
1072 #endif /* _SC_PAGESIZE */
1073 #endif /* HAVE_SYSCONF */
1074
1075         if (argc && *argv)
1076                 program_name = *argv;
1077         while ((c = getopt (argc, argv, "b:d:e:fi:o:svwnc:p:h:t:BX")) != EOF) {
1078                 switch (c) {
1079                 case 'b':
1080                         block_size = parse_uint(optarg, "block size");
1081                         break;
1082                 case 'f':
1083                         force++;
1084                         break;
1085                 case 'i':
1086                         input_file = optarg;
1087                         break;
1088                 case 'o':
1089                         output_file = optarg;
1090                         break;
1091                 case 's':
1092                         s_flag = 1;
1093                         break;
1094                 case 'v':
1095                         v_flag++;
1096                         break;
1097                 case 'w':
1098                         if (w_flag)
1099                                 exclusive_usage();
1100                         test_func = test_rw;
1101                         w_flag = 1;
1102                         break;
1103                 case 'n':
1104                         if (w_flag)
1105                                 exclusive_usage();
1106                         test_func = test_nd;
1107                         w_flag = 2;
1108                         break;
1109                 case 'c':
1110                         blocks_at_once = parse_uint(optarg, "blocks at once");
1111                         break;
1112                 case 'e':
1113                         max_bb = parse_uint(optarg, "max bad block count");
1114                         break;
1115                 case 'd':
1116                         d_flag = parse_uint(optarg, "read delay factor");
1117                         break;
1118                 case 'p':
1119                         num_passes = parse_uint(optarg,
1120                                                 "number of clean passes");
1121                         break;
1122                 case 'h':
1123                         host_device_name = optarg;
1124                         break;
1125                 case 't':
1126                         if (t_flag + 1 > t_max) {
1127                                 unsigned int *t_patts_new;
1128
1129                                 t_patts_new = realloc(t_patts, sizeof(int) *
1130                                                       (t_max + T_INC));
1131                                 if (!t_patts_new) {
1132                                         com_err(program_name, ENOMEM,
1133                                                 _("can't allocate memory for "
1134                                                   "test_pattern - %s"),
1135                                                 optarg);
1136                                         exit(1);
1137                                 }
1138                                 t_patts = t_patts_new;
1139                                 t_max += T_INC;
1140                         }
1141                         if (!strcmp(optarg, "r") || !strcmp(optarg,"random")) {
1142                                 t_patts[t_flag++] = ~0;
1143                         } else {
1144                                 pattern = parse_uint(optarg, "test pattern");
1145                                 if (pattern == (unsigned int) ~0)
1146                                         pattern = 0xffff;
1147                                 t_patts[t_flag++] = pattern;
1148                         }
1149                         break;
1150                 case 'B':
1151                         use_buffered_io = 1;
1152                         break;
1153                 case 'X':
1154                         exclusive_ok++;
1155                         break;
1156                 default:
1157                         usage();
1158                 }
1159         }
1160         if (!w_flag) {
1161                 if (t_flag > 1) {
1162                         com_err(program_name, 0,
1163                         _("Maximum of one test_pattern may be specified "
1164                           "in read-only mode"));
1165                         exit(1);
1166                 }
1167                 if (t_patts && (t_patts[0] == (unsigned int) ~0)) {
1168                         com_err(program_name, 0,
1169                         _("Random test_pattern is not allowed "
1170                           "in read-only mode"));
1171                         exit(1);
1172                 }
1173         }
1174         if (optind > argc - 1)
1175                 usage();
1176         device_name = argv[optind++];
1177         if (optind > argc - 1) {
1178                 errcode = ext2fs_get_device_size2(device_name,
1179                                                  block_size,
1180                                                  &last_block);
1181                 if (errcode == EXT2_ET_UNIMPLEMENTED) {
1182                         com_err(program_name, 0,
1183                                 _("Couldn't determine device size; you "
1184                                   "must specify\nthe size manually\n"));
1185                         exit(1);
1186                 }
1187                 if (errcode) {
1188                         com_err(program_name, errcode,
1189                                 _("while trying to determine device size"));
1190                         exit(1);
1191                 }
1192         } else {
1193                 errno = 0;
1194                 last_block = parse_uint(argv[optind], _("last block"));
1195                 last_block++;
1196                 optind++;
1197         }
1198         if (optind <= argc-1) {
1199                 errno = 0;
1200                 first_block = parse_uint(argv[optind], _("first block"));
1201         } else first_block = 0;
1202         if (first_block >= last_block) {
1203             com_err (program_name, 0, _("invalid starting block (%lu): must be less than %lu"),
1204                      (unsigned long) first_block, (unsigned long) last_block);
1205             exit (1);
1206         }
1207         if (w_flag)
1208                 check_mount(device_name);
1209
1210         gettimeofday(&time_start, 0);
1211         open_flag = O_LARGEFILE | (w_flag ? O_RDWR : O_RDONLY);
1212         dev = open (device_name, open_flag);
1213         if (dev == -1) {
1214                 com_err (program_name, errno, _("while trying to open %s"),
1215                          device_name);
1216                 exit (1);
1217         }
1218         if (host_device_name) {
1219                 host_dev = open (host_device_name, open_flag);
1220                 if (host_dev == -1) {
1221                         com_err (program_name, errno,
1222                                  _("while trying to open %s"),
1223                                  host_device_name);
1224                         exit (1);
1225                 }
1226         } else
1227                 host_dev = dev;
1228         if (input_file) {
1229                 if (strcmp (input_file, "-") == 0)
1230                         in = stdin;
1231                 else {
1232                         in = fopen (input_file, "r");
1233                         if (in == NULL)
1234                         {
1235                                 com_err (program_name, errno,
1236                                          _("while trying to open %s"),
1237                                          input_file);
1238                                 exit (1);
1239                         }
1240                 }
1241         }
1242         if (output_file && strcmp (output_file, "-") != 0)
1243         {
1244                 out = fopen (output_file, "w");
1245                 if (out == NULL)
1246                 {
1247                         com_err (program_name, errno,
1248                                  _("while trying to open %s"),
1249                                  output_file);
1250                         exit (1);
1251                 }
1252         }
1253         else
1254                 out = stdout;
1255
1256         errcode = ext2fs_badblocks_list_create(&bb_list,0);
1257         if (errcode) {
1258                 com_err (program_name, errcode,
1259                          _("while creating in-memory bad blocks list"));
1260                 exit (1);
1261         }
1262
1263         if (in) {
1264                 for(;;) {
1265                         switch(fscanf (in, "%u\n", &next_bad)) {
1266                                 case 0:
1267                                         com_err (program_name, 0, "input file - bad format");
1268                                         exit (1);
1269                                 case EOF:
1270                                         break;
1271                                 default:
1272                                         errcode = ext2fs_badblocks_list_add(bb_list,next_bad);
1273                                         if (errcode) {
1274                                                 com_err (program_name, errcode, _("while adding to in-memory bad block list"));
1275                                                 exit (1);
1276                                         }
1277                                         continue;
1278                         }
1279                         break;
1280                 }
1281
1282                 if (in != stdin)
1283                         fclose (in);
1284         }
1285
1286         do {
1287                 unsigned int bb_count;
1288
1289                 bb_count = test_func(dev, last_block, block_size,
1290                                      first_block, blocks_at_once);
1291                 if (bb_count)
1292                         passes_clean = 0;
1293                 else
1294                         ++passes_clean;
1295
1296                 if (v_flag)
1297                         fprintf(stderr,
1298                                 _("Pass completed, %u bad blocks found. (%d/%d/%d errors)\n"),
1299                                 bb_count, num_read_errors, num_write_errors, num_corruption_errors);
1300
1301         } while (passes_clean < num_passes);
1302
1303         close (dev);
1304         if (out != stdout)
1305                 fclose (out);
1306         free(t_patts);
1307         return 0;
1308 }