debugfs/logdump.c

   1 /*
   2  * logdump.c --- dump the contents of the journal out to a file
   3  *
   4  * Authro: Stephen C. Tweedie, 2001  <sct@redhat.com>
   5  * Copyright (C) 2001 Red Hat, Inc.
   6  * Based on portions  Copyright (C) 1994 Theodore Ts'o.
   7  *
   8  * This file may be redistributed under the terms of the GNU Public
   9  * License.
  10  */
  11
  12 #include <stdio.h>
  13 #include <unistd.h>
  14 #include <stdlib.h>
  15 #include <ctype.h>
  16 #include <string.h>
  17 #include <time.h>
  18 #ifdef HAVE_ERRNO_H
  19 #include <errno.h>
  20 #endif
  21 #include <sys/types.h>
  22 #include <sys/stat.h>
  23 #include <fcntl.h>
  24 #include <utime.h>
  25 #ifdef HAVE_GETOPT_H
  26 #include <getopt.h>
  27 #else
  28 extern int optind;
  29 extern char *optarg;
  30 #endif
  31
  32 #include "debugfs.h"
  33 #include "blkid/blkid.h"
  34 #include "jfs_user.h"
  35 #include <uuid/uuid.h>
  36
  37 enum journal_location {JOURNAL_IS_INTERNAL, JOURNAL_IS_EXTERNAL};
  38
  39 #define ANY_BLOCK ((unsigned int) -1)
  40
  41 int             dump_all, dump_contents, dump_descriptors;
  42 unsigned int    block_to_dump, group_to_dump, bitmap_to_dump;
  43 unsigned int    inode_block_to_dump, inode_offset_to_dump, bitmap_to_dump;
  44 ext2_ino_t      inode_to_dump;
  45
  46 struct journal_source
  47 {
  48         enum journal_location where;
  49         int fd;
  50         ext2_file_t file;
  51 };
  52
  53 static void dump_journal(char *, FILE *, struct journal_source *);
  54
  55 static void dump_descriptor_block(FILE *, struct journal_source *,
  56                                   char *, journal_superblock_t *,
  57                                   unsigned int *, int, tid_t);
  58
  59 static void dump_revoke_block(FILE *, char *, journal_superblock_t *,
  60                                   unsigned int, int, tid_t);
  61
  62 static void dump_metadata_block(FILE *, struct journal_source *,
  63                                 journal_superblock_t*,
  64                                 unsigned int, unsigned int, int, tid_t);
  65
  66 static void do_hexdump (FILE *, char *, int);
  67
  68 #define WRAP(jsb, blocknr)                                      \
  69         if (blocknr >= be32_to_cpu((jsb)->s_maxlen))            \
  70                 blocknr -= (be32_to_cpu((jsb)->s_maxlen) -      \
  71                             be32_to_cpu((jsb)->s_first));
  72
  73
  74 void do_logdump(int argc, char **argv)
  75 {
  76         int             c;
  77         int             retval;
  78         char            *out_fn;
  79         FILE            *out_file;
  80
  81         char            *inode_spec = NULL;
  82         char            *journal_fn = NULL;
  83         int             journal_fd = 0;
  84         int             use_sb = 0;
  85         ext2_ino_t      journal_inum;
  86         struct ext2_inode journal_inode;
  87         ext2_file_t     journal_file;
  88         char            *tmp;
  89         const char      *logdump_usage = ("Usage: logdump "
  90                                           "[-ac] [-b<block>] [-i<inode>] "
  91                                           "[-f<journal_file>] [output_file]");
  92         struct journal_source journal_source;
  93         struct ext2_super_block *es = NULL;
  94
  95         journal_source.where = 0;
  96         journal_source.fd = 0;
  97         journal_source.file = 0;
  98         dump_all = 0;
  99         dump_contents = 0;
 100         dump_descriptors = 1;
 101         block_to_dump = ANY_BLOCK;
 102         bitmap_to_dump = -1;
 103         inode_block_to_dump = ANY_BLOCK;
 104         inode_to_dump = -1;
 105
 106         reset_getopt();
 107         while ((c = getopt (argc, argv, "ab:ci:f:s")) != EOF) {
 108                 switch (c) {
 109                 case 'a':
 110                         dump_all++;
 111                         break;
 112                 case 'b':
 113                         block_to_dump = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0);
 114                         if (*tmp) {
 115                                 com_err(argv[0], 0,
 116                                         "Bad block number - %s", optarg);
 117                                 return;
 118                         }
 119                         dump_descriptors = 0;
 120                         break;
 121                 case 'c':
 122                         dump_contents++;
 123                         break;
 124                 case 'f':
 125                         journal_fn = optarg;
 126                         break;
 127                 case 'i':
 128                         inode_spec = optarg;
 129                         dump_descriptors = 0;
 130                         break;
 131                 case 's':
 132                         use_sb++;
 133                         break;
 134                 default:
 135                         com_err(argv[0], 0, logdump_usage);
 136                         return;
 137                 }
 138         }
 139         if (optind != argc && optind != argc-1) {
 140                 com_err(argv[0], 0, logdump_usage);
 141                 return;
 142         }
 143
 144         if (current_fs)
 145                 es = current_fs->super;
 146
 147         if (inode_spec) {
 148                 int inode_group, group_offset, inodes_per_block;
 149
 150                 if (check_fs_open(argv[0]))
 151                         return;
 152
 153                 inode_to_dump = string_to_inode(inode_spec);
 154                 if (!inode_to_dump)
 155                         return;
 156
 157                 inode_group = ((inode_to_dump - 1)
 158                                / es->s_inodes_per_group);
 159                 group_offset = ((inode_to_dump - 1)
 160                                 % es->s_inodes_per_group);
 161                 inodes_per_block = (current_fs->blocksize
 162                                     / sizeof(struct ext2_inode));
 163
 164                 inode_block_to_dump =
 165                         current_fs->group_desc[inode_group].bg_inode_table +
 166                         (group_offset / inodes_per_block);
 167                 inode_offset_to_dump = ((group_offset % inodes_per_block)
 168                                         * sizeof(struct ext2_inode));
 169                 printf("Inode %u is at group %u, block %u, offset %u\n",
 170                        inode_to_dump, inode_group,
 171                        inode_block_to_dump, inode_offset_to_dump);
 172         }
 173
 174         if (optind == argc) {
 175                 out_file = stdout;
 176         } else {
 177                 out_fn = argv[optind];
 178                 out_file = fopen(out_fn, "w");
 179                 if (!out_file < 0) {
 180                         com_err(argv[0], errno, "while opening %s for logdump",
 181                                 out_fn);
 182                         return;
 183                 }
 184         }
 185
 186         if (block_to_dump != ANY_BLOCK && current_fs != NULL) {
 187                 group_to_dump = ((block_to_dump -
 188                                   es->s_first_data_block)
 189                                  / es->s_blocks_per_group);
 190                 bitmap_to_dump = current_fs->group_desc[group_to_dump].bg_block_bitmap;
 191         }
 192
 193         if (!journal_fn && check_fs_open(argv[0]))
 194                 return;
 195
 196         if (journal_fn) {
 197                 /* Set up to read journal from a regular file somewhere */
 198                 journal_fd = open(journal_fn, O_RDONLY, 0);
 199                 if (journal_fd < 0) {
 200                         com_err(argv[0], errno, "while opening %s for logdump",
 201                                 journal_fn);
 202                         return;
 203                 }
 204
 205                 journal_source.where = JOURNAL_IS_EXTERNAL;
 206                 journal_source.fd = journal_fd;
 207         } else if ((journal_inum = es->s_journal_inum)) {
 208                 if (use_sb) {
 209                         if (es->s_jnl_backup_type != EXT3_JNL_BACKUP_BLOCKS) {
 210                                 com_err(argv[0], 0,
 211                                         "no journal backup in super block\n");
 212                                 return;
 213                         }
 214                         memset(&journal_inode, 0, sizeof(struct ext2_inode));
 215                         memcpy(&journal_inode.i_block[0], es->s_jnl_blocks,
 216                                EXT2_N_BLOCKS*4);
 217                         journal_inode.i_size = es->s_jnl_blocks[16];
 218                         journal_inode.i_links_count = 1;
 219                         journal_inode.i_mode = LINUX_S_IFREG | 0600;
 220                 } else {
 221                         if (debugfs_read_inode(journal_inum, &journal_inode,
 222                                                argv[0]))
 223                                 return;
 224                 }
 225
 226                 retval = ext2fs_file_open2(current_fs, journal_inum,
 227                                            &journal_inode, 0, &journal_file);
 228                 if (retval) {
 229                         com_err(argv[0], retval, "while opening ext2 file");
 230                         return;
 231                 }
 232                 journal_source.where = JOURNAL_IS_INTERNAL;
 233                 journal_source.file = journal_file;
 234         } else {
 235                 char uuid[37];
 236
 237                 uuid_unparse(es->s_journal_uuid, uuid);
 238                 journal_fn = blkid_get_devname(NULL, "UUID", uuid);
 239                 if (!journal_fn)
 240                                 journal_fn = blkid_devno_to_devname(es->s_journal_dev);
 241                 if (!journal_fn) {
 242                         com_err(argv[0], 0, "filesystem has no journal");
 243                         return;
 244                 }
 245                 journal_fd = open(journal_fn, O_RDONLY, 0);
 246                 if (journal_fd < 0) {
 247                         com_err(argv[0], errno, "while opening %s for logdump",
 248                                 journal_fn);
 249                         free(journal_fn);
 250                         return;
 251                 }
 252                 fprintf(out_file, "Using external journal found at %s\n",
 253                         journal_fn);
 254                 free(journal_fn);
 255                 journal_source.where = JOURNAL_IS_EXTERNAL;
 256                 journal_source.fd = journal_fd;
 257         }
 258
 259         dump_journal(argv[0], out_file, &journal_source);
 260
 261         if (journal_source.where == JOURNAL_IS_INTERNAL)
 262                 ext2fs_file_close(journal_file);
 263         else
 264                 close(journal_fd);
 265
 266         if (out_file != stdout)
 267                 fclose(out_file);
 268
 269         return;
 270 }
 271
 272
 273 static int read_journal_block(const char *cmd, struct journal_source *source,
 274                               off_t offset, char *buf, int size,
 275                               unsigned int *got)
 276 {
 277         int retval;
 278
 279         if (source->where == JOURNAL_IS_EXTERNAL) {
 280                 if (lseek(source->fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
 281                         retval = errno;
 282                         com_err(cmd, retval, "while seeking in reading journal");
 283                         return retval;
 284                 }
 285                 retval = read(source->fd, buf, size);
 286                 if (retval >= 0) {
 287                         *got = retval;
 288                         retval = 0;
 289                 } else
 290                         retval = errno;
 291         } else {
 292                 retval = ext2fs_file_lseek(source->file, offset,
 293                                            EXT2_SEEK_SET, NULL);
 294                 if (retval) {
 295                         com_err(cmd, retval, "while seeking in reading journal");
 296                         return retval;
 297                 }
 298
 299                 retval = ext2fs_file_read(source->file, buf, size, got);
 300         }
 301
 302         if (retval)
 303                 com_err(cmd, retval, "while while reading journal");
 304         else if (*got != (unsigned int) size) {
 305                 com_err(cmd, 0, "short read (read %d, expected %d) while while reading journal", *got, size);
 306                 retval = -1;
 307         }
 308
 309         return retval;
 310 }
 311
 312 static const char *type_to_name(int btype)
 313 {
 314         switch (btype) {
 315         case JFS_DESCRIPTOR_BLOCK:
 316                 return "descriptor block";
 317         case JFS_COMMIT_BLOCK:
 318                 return "commit block";
 319         case JFS_SUPERBLOCK_V1:
 320                 return "V1 superblock";
 321         case JFS_SUPERBLOCK_V2:
 322                 return "V2 superblock";
 323         case JFS_REVOKE_BLOCK:
 324                 return "revoke table";
 325         }
 326         return "unrecognised type";
 327 }
 328
 329
 330 static void dump_journal(char *cmdname, FILE *out_file,
 331                          struct journal_source *source)
 332 {
 333         struct ext2_super_block *sb;
 334         char                    jsb_buffer[1024];
 335         char                    buf[8192];
 336         journal_superblock_t    *jsb;
 337         unsigned int            blocksize = 1024;
 338         unsigned int            got;
 339         int                     retval;
 340         __u32                   magic, sequence, blocktype;
 341         journal_header_t        *header;
 342
 343         tid_t                   transaction;
 344         unsigned int            blocknr = 0;
 345
 346         /* First, check to see if there's an ext2 superblock header */
 347         retval = read_journal_block(cmdname, source, 0,
 348                                     buf, 2048, &got);
 349         if (retval)
 350                 return;
 351
 352         jsb = (journal_superblock_t *) buf;
 353         sb = (struct ext2_super_block *) (buf+1024);
 354 #ifdef ENABLE_SWAPFS
 355         if (sb->s_magic == ext2fs_swab16(EXT2_SUPER_MAGIC))
 356                 ext2fs_swap_super(sb);
 357 #endif
 358
 359         if ((be32_to_cpu(jsb->s_header.h_magic) != JFS_MAGIC_NUMBER) &&
 360             (sb->s_magic == EXT2_SUPER_MAGIC) &&
 361             (sb->s_feature_incompat & EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_JOURNAL_DEV)) {
 362                 blocksize = EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(sb);
 363                 blocknr = (blocksize == 1024) ? 2 : 1;
 364                 uuid_unparse(sb->s_uuid, jsb_buffer);
 365                 fprintf(out_file, "Ext2 superblock header found.\n");
 366                 if (dump_all) {
 367                         fprintf(out_file, "\tuuid=%s\n", jsb_buffer);
 368                         fprintf(out_file, "\tblocksize=%d\n", blocksize);
 369                         fprintf(out_file, "\tjournal data size %ld\n",
 370                                 (long) sb->s_blocks_count);
 371                 }
 372         }
 373
 374         /* Next, read the journal superblock */
 375
 376         retval = read_journal_block(cmdname, source, blocknr*blocksize,
 377                                     jsb_buffer, 1024, &got);
 378         if (retval)
 379                 return;
 380
 381         jsb = (journal_superblock_t *) jsb_buffer;
 382         if (be32_to_cpu(jsb->s_header.h_magic) != JFS_MAGIC_NUMBER) {
 383                 fprintf(out_file,
 384                         "Journal superblock magic number invalid!\n");
 385                 return;
 386         }
 387         blocksize = be32_to_cpu(jsb->s_blocksize);
 388         transaction = be32_to_cpu(jsb->s_sequence);
 389         blocknr = be32_to_cpu(jsb->s_start);
 390
 391         fprintf(out_file, "Journal starts at block %u, transaction %u\n",
 392                 blocknr, transaction);
 393
 394         if (!blocknr)
 395                 /* Empty journal, nothing to do. */
 396                 return;
 397
 398         while (1) {
 399                 retval = read_journal_block(cmdname, source,
 400                                             blocknr*blocksize, buf,
 401                                             blocksize, &got);
 402                 if (retval || got != blocksize)
 403                         return;
 404
 405                 header = (journal_header_t *) buf;
 406
 407                 magic = be32_to_cpu(header->h_magic);
 408                 sequence = be32_to_cpu(header->h_sequence);
 409                 blocktype = be32_to_cpu(header->h_blocktype);
 410
 411                 if (magic != JFS_MAGIC_NUMBER) {
 412                         fprintf (out_file, "No magic number at block %u: "
 413                                  "end of journal.\n", blocknr);
 414                         return;
 415                 }
 416
 417                 if (sequence != transaction) {
 418                         fprintf (out_file, "Found sequence %u (not %u) at "
 419                                  "block %u: end of journal.\n",
 420                                  sequence, transaction, blocknr);
 421                         return;
 422                 }
 423
 424                 if (dump_descriptors) {
 425                         fprintf (out_file, "Found expected sequence %u, "
 426                                  "type %u (%s) at block %u\n",
 427                                  sequence, blocktype,
 428                                  type_to_name(blocktype), blocknr);
 429                 }
 430
 431                 switch (blocktype) {
 432                 case JFS_DESCRIPTOR_BLOCK:
 433                         dump_descriptor_block(out_file, source, buf, jsb,
 434                                               &blocknr, blocksize,
 435                                               transaction);
 436                         continue;
 437
 438                 case JFS_COMMIT_BLOCK:
 439                         transaction++;
 440                         blocknr++;
 441                         WRAP(jsb, blocknr);
 442                         continue;
 443
 444                 case JFS_REVOKE_BLOCK:
 445                         dump_revoke_block(out_file, buf, jsb,
 446                                           blocknr, blocksize,
 447                                           transaction);
 448                         blocknr++;
 449                         WRAP(jsb, blocknr);
 450                         continue;
 451
 452                 default:
 453                         fprintf (out_file, "Unexpected block type %u at "
 454                                  "block %u.\n", blocktype, blocknr);
 455                         return;
 456                 }
 457         }
 458 }
 459
 460
 461 static void dump_descriptor_block(FILE *out_file,
 462                                   struct journal_source *source,
 463                                   char *buf,
 464                                   journal_superblock_t *jsb,
 465                                   unsigned int *blockp, int blocksize,
 466                                   tid_t transaction)
 467 {
 468         int                     offset;
 469         char                    *tagp;
 470         journal_block_tag_t     *tag;
 471         unsigned int            blocknr;
 472         __u32                   tag_block;
 473         __u32                   tag_flags;
 474
 475
 476         offset = sizeof(journal_header_t);
 477         blocknr = *blockp;
 478
 479         if (dump_all)
 480                 fprintf(out_file, "Dumping descriptor block, sequence %u, at "
 481                         "block %u:\n", transaction, blocknr);
 482
 483         ++blocknr;
 484         WRAP(jsb, blocknr);
 485
 486         do {
 487                 /* Work out the location of the current tag, and skip to
 488                  * the next one... */
 489                 tagp = &buf[offset];
 490                 tag = (journal_block_tag_t *) tagp;
 491                 offset += sizeof(journal_block_tag_t);
 492
 493                 /* ... and if we have gone too far, then we've reached the
 494                    end of this block. */
 495                 if (offset > blocksize)
 496                         break;
 497
 498                 tag_block = be32_to_cpu(tag->t_blocknr);
 499                 tag_flags = be32_to_cpu(tag->t_flags);
 500
 501                 if (!(tag_flags & JFS_FLAG_SAME_UUID))
 502                         offset += 16;
 503
 504                 dump_metadata_block(out_file, source, jsb,
 505                                     blocknr, tag_block, blocksize,
 506                                     transaction);
 507
 508                 ++blocknr;
 509                 WRAP(jsb, blocknr);
 510
 511         } while (!(tag_flags & JFS_FLAG_LAST_TAG));
 512
 513         *blockp = blocknr;
 514 }
 515
 516
 517 static void dump_revoke_block(FILE *out_file, char *buf,
 518                               journal_superblock_t *jsb EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)),
 519                               unsigned int blocknr,
 520                               int blocksize EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)),
 521                               tid_t transaction)
 522 {
 523         int                     offset, max;
 524         journal_revoke_header_t *header;
 525         unsigned int            *entry, rblock;
 526
 527         if (dump_all)
 528                 fprintf(out_file, "Dumping revoke block, sequence %u, at "
 529                         "block %u:\n", transaction, blocknr);
 530
 531         header = (journal_revoke_header_t *) buf;
 532         offset = sizeof(journal_revoke_header_t);
 533         max = be32_to_cpu(header->r_count);
 534
 535         while (offset < max) {
 536                 entry = (unsigned int *) (buf + offset);
 537                 rblock = be32_to_cpu(*entry);
 538                 if (dump_all || rblock == block_to_dump) {
 539                         fprintf(out_file, "  Revoke FS block %u", rblock);
 540                         if (dump_all)
 541                                 fprintf(out_file, "\n");
 542                         else
 543                                 fprintf(out_file," at block %u, sequence %u\n",
 544                                         blocknr, transaction);
 545                 }
 546                 offset += 4;
 547         }
 548 }
 549
 550
 551 static void show_extent(FILE *out_file, int start_extent, int end_extent,
 552                         __u32 first_block)
 553 {
 554         if (start_extent >= 0 && first_block != 0)
 555                 fprintf(out_file, "(%d+%u): %u ",
 556                         start_extent, end_extent-start_extent, first_block);
 557 }
 558
 559 static void show_indirect(FILE *out_file, const char *name, __u32 where)
 560 {
 561         if (where)
 562                 fprintf(out_file, "(%s): %u ", name, where);
 563 }
 564
 565
 566 static void dump_metadata_block(FILE *out_file, struct journal_source *source,
 567                                 journal_superblock_t *jsb EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)),
 568                                 unsigned int log_blocknr,
 569                                 unsigned int fs_blocknr,
 570                                 int blocksize,
 571                                 tid_t transaction)
 572 {
 573         unsigned int    got;
 574         int             retval;
 575         char            buf[8192];
 576
 577         if (!(dump_all
 578               || (fs_blocknr == block_to_dump)
 579               || (fs_blocknr == inode_block_to_dump)
 580               || (fs_blocknr == bitmap_to_dump)))
 581                 return;
 582
 583         fprintf(out_file, "  FS block %u logged at ", fs_blocknr);
 584         if (!dump_all)
 585                 fprintf(out_file, "sequence %u, ", transaction);
 586         fprintf(out_file, "journal block %u\n", log_blocknr);
 587
 588         /* There are two major special cases to parse:
 589          *
 590          * If this block is a block
 591          * bitmap block, we need to give it special treatment so that we
 592          * can log any allocates and deallocates which affect the
 593          * block_to_dump query block.
 594          *
 595          * If the block is an inode block for the inode being searched
 596          * for, then we need to dump the contents of that inode
 597          * structure symbolically.
 598          */
 599
 600         if (!(dump_contents && dump_all)
 601             && fs_blocknr != block_to_dump
 602             && fs_blocknr != bitmap_to_dump
 603             && fs_blocknr != inode_block_to_dump)
 604                 return;
 605
 606         retval = read_journal_block("logdump", source,
 607                                     blocksize * log_blocknr,
 608                                     buf, blocksize, &got);
 609         if (retval)
 610                 return;
 611
 612         if (fs_blocknr == bitmap_to_dump) {
 613                 struct ext2_super_block *super;
 614                 int offset;
 615
 616                 super = current_fs->super;
 617                 offset = ((fs_blocknr - super->s_first_data_block) %
 618                           super->s_blocks_per_group);
 619
 620                 fprintf(out_file, "    (block bitmap for block %u: "
 621                         "block is %s)\n",
 622                         block_to_dump,
 623                         ext2fs_test_bit(offset, buf) ? "SET" : "CLEAR");
 624         }
 625
 626         if (fs_blocknr == inode_block_to_dump) {
 627                 struct ext2_inode *inode;
 628                 int first, prev, this, start_extent, i;
 629
 630                 fprintf(out_file, "    (inode block for inode %u):\n",
 631                         inode_to_dump);
 632
 633                 inode = (struct ext2_inode *) (buf + inode_offset_to_dump);
 634                 internal_dump_inode(out_file, "    ", inode_to_dump, inode, 0);
 635
 636                 /* Dump out the direct/indirect blocks here:
 637                  * internal_dump_inode can only dump them from the main
 638                  * on-disk inode, not from the journaled copy of the
 639                  * inode. */
 640
 641                 fprintf (out_file, "    Blocks:  ");
 642                 first = prev = start_extent = -1;
 643
 644                 for (i=0; i<EXT2_NDIR_BLOCKS; i++) {
 645                         this = inode->i_block[i];
 646                         if (start_extent >= 0  && this == prev+1) {
 647                                 prev = this;
 648                                 continue;
 649                         } else {
 650                                 show_extent(out_file, start_extent, i, first);
 651                                 start_extent = i;
 652                                 first = prev = this;
 653                         }
 654                 }
 655                 show_extent(out_file, start_extent, i, first);
 656                 show_indirect(out_file, "IND", inode->i_block[i++]);
 657                 show_indirect(out_file, "DIND", inode->i_block[i++]);
 658                 show_indirect(out_file, "TIND", inode->i_block[i++]);
 659
 660                 fprintf(out_file, "\n");
 661         }
 662
 663         if (dump_contents)
 664                 do_hexdump(out_file, buf, blocksize);
 665
 666 }
 667
 668 static void do_hexdump (FILE *out_file, char *buf, int blocksize)
 669 {
 670         int i,j;
 671         int *intp;
 672         char *charp;
 673         unsigned char c;
 674
 675         intp = (int *) buf;
 676         charp = (char *) buf;
 677
 678         for (i=0; i<blocksize; i+=16) {
 679                 fprintf(out_file, "    %04x:  ", i);
 680                 for (j=0; j<16; j+=4)
 681                         fprintf(out_file, "%08x ", *intp++);
 682                 for (j=0; j<16; j++) {
 683                         c = *charp++;
 684                         if (c < ' ' || c >= 127)
 685                                 c = '.';
 686                         fprintf(out_file, "%c", c);
 687                 }
 688                 fprintf(out_file, "\n");
 689         }
 690 }
 691