misc/filefrag.c

   1 /*
   2  * filefrag.c -- report if a particular file is fragmented
   3  *
   4  * Copyright 2003 by Theodore Ts'o.
   5  *
   6  * %Begin-Header%
   7  * This file may be redistributed under the terms of the GNU Public
   8  * License.
   9  * %End-Header%
  10  */
  11
  12 #include "config.h"
  13 #ifndef __linux__
  14 #include <stdio.h>
  15 #include <stdlib.h>
  16 #include <unistd.h>
  17
  18 int main(void) {
  19         fputs("This program is only supported on Linux!\n", stderr);
  20         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  21 }
  22 #else
  23 #ifndef _LARGEFILE_SOURCE
  24 #define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE
  25 #endif
  26 #ifndef _LARGEFILE64_SOURCE
  27 #define _LARGEFILE64_SOURCE
  28 #endif
  29
  30
  31 #include <stdio.h>
  32 #include <stdlib.h>
  33 #include <unistd.h>
  34 #include <string.h>
  35 #include <time.h>
  36 #include <fcntl.h>
  37 #include <errno.h>
  38 #ifdef HAVE_GETOPT_H
  39 #include <getopt.h>
  40 #else
  41 extern char *optarg;
  42 extern int optind;
  43 #endif
  44 #include <sys/types.h>
  45 #include <sys/stat.h>
  46 #include <sys/vfs.h>
  47 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  48 #ifdef HAVE_LINUX_FD_H
  49 #include <linux/fd.h>
  50 #endif
  51 #include <ext2fs/ext2fs.h>
  52 #include <ext2fs/ext2_types.h>
  53 #include <ext2fs/fiemap.h>
  54 #include "../version.h"
  55
  56 int verbose = 0;
  57 unsigned int blocksize; /* Use specified blocksize (default 1kB) */
  58 int sync_file = 0;      /* fsync file before getting the mapping */
  59 int precache_file = 0;  /* precache the file before getting the mapping */
  60 int xattr_map = 0;      /* get xattr mapping */
  61 int force_bmap;         /* force use of FIBMAP instead of FIEMAP */
  62 int force_extent;       /* print output in extent format always */
  63 int use_extent_cache;   /* Use extent cache */
  64 int device_offset;      /* extents report device-relative offsets */
  65 int logical_width = 8;
  66 int physical_width = 10;
  67 const char *ext_fmt = "%4d: %*llu..%*llu: %*llu..%*llu: %6llu: %s\n";
  68 const char *hex_fmt = "%4d: %*llx..%*llx: %*llx..%*llx: %6llx: %s\n";
  69
  70 #define FILEFRAG_FIEMAP_FLAGS_COMPAT (FIEMAP_FLAG_SYNC | FIEMAP_FLAG_XATTR |\
  71                                       FIEMAP_FLAG_DEVICE_ORDER)
  72
  73 #define FIBMAP          _IO(0x00, 1)    /* bmap access */
  74 #define FIGETBSZ        _IO(0x00, 2)    /* get the block size used for bmap */
  75
  76 #define LUSTRE_SUPER_MAGIC 0x0BD00BD0
  77
  78 #define EXT4_EXTENTS_FL                 0x00080000 /* Inode uses extents */
  79 #define EXT3_IOC_GETFLAGS               _IOR('f', 1, long)
  80
  81 static int ulong_log2(unsigned long arg)
  82 {
  83         int     l = 0;
  84
  85         arg >>= 1;
  86         while (arg) {
  87                 l++;
  88                 arg >>= 1;
  89         }
  90         return l;
  91 }
  92
  93 static int ulong_log10(unsigned long long arg)
  94 {
  95         int     l = 0;
  96
  97         arg = arg / 10;
  98         while (arg) {
  99                 l++;
 100                 arg = arg / 10;
 101         }
 102         return l;
 103 }
 104
 105 static unsigned int div_ceil(unsigned int a, unsigned int b)
 106 {
 107         if (!a)
 108                 return 0;
 109         return ((a - 1) / b) + 1;
 110 }
 111
 112 static int get_bmap(int fd, unsigned long block, unsigned long *phy_blk)
 113 {
 114         int     ret;
 115         unsigned int b;
 116
 117         b = block;
 118         ret = ioctl(fd, FIBMAP, &b); /* FIBMAP takes pointer to integer */
 119         if (ret < 0)
 120                 return -errno;
 121         *phy_blk = b;
 122
 123         return ret;
 124 }
 125
 126 static void print_extent_header(void)
 127 {
 128         printf(" ext: %*s %*s length: %*s flags:\n",
 129                logical_width * 2 + 3,
 130                device_offset ? "device_logical:" : "logical_offset:",
 131                physical_width * 2 + 3, "physical_offset:",
 132                device_offset ? 5 : physical_width + 1,
 133                device_offset ? " dev:" : "expected:");
 134 }
 135
 136 static void print_flag(__u32 *flags, __u32 mask, char *buf, const char *name)
 137 {
 138         char hex[sizeof(mask) * 2 + 4]; /* 2 chars/byte + 0x, + NUL */
 139
 140         if ((*flags & mask) == 0)
 141                 return;
 142
 143         if (name == NULL) {
 144                 sprintf(hex, "%#04x,", mask);
 145                 name = hex;
 146         }
 147         strcat(buf, name);
 148         *flags &= ~mask;
 149 }
 150
 151 static void print_flags(__u32 fe_flags, char *flags, int len, int print_unknown)
 152 {
 153         __u32 mask;
 154
 155         print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST, flags, "last,");
 156         print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNKNOWN, flags, "unknown_loc,");
 157         print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_DELALLOC, flags, "delalloc,");
 158         print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_ENCODED, flags, "encoded,");
 159         print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_ENCRYPTED, flags,"encrypted,");
 160         print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_NOT_ALIGNED, flags, "not_aligned,");
 161         print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_INLINE, flags, "inline,");
 162         print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_TAIL, flags, "tail_packed,");
 163         print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNWRITTEN, flags, "unwritten,");
 164         print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_MERGED, flags, "merged,");
 165         print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_SHARED, flags, "shared,");
 166         print_flag(&fe_flags, EXT4_FIEMAP_EXTENT_HOLE, flags, "hole,");
 167
 168         print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_NET, flags, "net,");
 169
 170         if (!print_unknown)
 171                 goto out;
 172
 173         /* print any unknown flags as hex values */
 174         for (mask = 1; fe_flags != 0 && mask != 0; mask <<= 1)
 175                 print_flag(&fe_flags, mask, flags, NULL);
 176 out:
 177         /* Remove trailing comma, if any */
 178         if (flags[0])
 179                 flags[strnlen(flags, len) - 1] = '\0';
 180
 181 }
 182
 183 static void print_extent_info(struct fiemap_extent *fm_extent, int cur_ex,
 184                               unsigned long long expected, int blk_shift,
 185                               ext2fs_struct_stat *st)
 186 {
 187         unsigned long long physical_blk;
 188         unsigned long long logical_blk;
 189         unsigned long long ext_len;
 190         unsigned long long ext_blks;
 191         unsigned long long ext_blks_phys;
 192         char flags[256] = "";
 193
 194         /* For inline data all offsets should be in bytes, not blocks */
 195         if (fm_extent->fe_flags & FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_INLINE)
 196                 blk_shift = 0;
 197
 198         ext_len = fm_extent->fe_length >> blk_shift;
 199         ext_blks = (fm_extent->fe_length - 1) >> blk_shift;
 200         logical_blk = fm_extent->fe_logical >> blk_shift;
 201         if (fm_extent->fe_flags & FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNKNOWN) {
 202                 physical_blk = 0;
 203         } else {
 204                 physical_blk = fm_extent->fe_physical >> blk_shift;
 205         }
 206
 207         if (device_offset)
 208                 sprintf(flags, "%04x: ", fm_extent->fe_device & 0xffff);
 209         else if (expected &&
 210             !(fm_extent->fe_flags & FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNKNOWN) &&
 211             !(fm_extent->fe_flags & EXT4_FIEMAP_EXTENT_HOLE))
 212                 sprintf(flags, ext_fmt == hex_fmt ? "%*llx: " : "%*llu: ",
 213                         physical_width, expected >> blk_shift);
 214
 215         print_flags(fm_extent->fe_flags, flags, sizeof(flags), 1);
 216
 217         if (fm_extent->fe_logical + fm_extent->fe_length >=
 218             (unsigned long long)st->st_size)
 219                 strcat(flags, flags[0] ? ",eof" : "eof");
 220
 221         if ((fm_extent->fe_flags & FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNKNOWN) ||
 222             (fm_extent->fe_flags & EXT4_FIEMAP_EXTENT_HOLE)) {
 223                 ext_len = 0;
 224                 ext_blks_phys = 0;
 225         } else
 226                 ext_blks_phys = ext_blks;
 227
 228         printf(ext_fmt, cur_ex, logical_width, logical_blk,
 229                logical_width, logical_blk + ext_blks,
 230                physical_width, physical_blk,
 231                physical_width, physical_blk + ext_blks_phys,
 232                ext_len, flags);
 233 }
 234
 235 static int filefrag_fiemap(int fd, int blk_shift, int *num_extents,
 236                            ext2fs_struct_stat *st)
 237 {
 238         __u64 buf[2048];        /* __u64 for proper field alignment */
 239         struct fiemap *fiemap = (struct fiemap *)buf;
 240         struct fiemap_extent *fm_ext = &fiemap->fm_extents[0];
 241         struct fiemap_extent fm_last;
 242         int count = (sizeof(buf) - sizeof(*fiemap)) /
 243                         sizeof(struct fiemap_extent);
 244         unsigned long long expected = 0;
 245         unsigned long long expected_dense = 0;
 246         unsigned long flags = 0;
 247         unsigned int i;
 248         unsigned long cmd = FS_IOC_FIEMAP;
 249         int fiemap_header_printed = 0;
 250         int tot_extents = 0, n = 0;
 251         int previous_device = -1;
 252         int last = 0;
 253         int rc;
 254
 255         memset(fiemap, 0, sizeof(struct fiemap));
 256         memset(&fm_last, 0, sizeof(fm_last));
 257
 258         if (sync_file)
 259                 flags |= FIEMAP_FLAG_SYNC;
 260
 261         if (precache_file)
 262                 flags |= FIEMAP_FLAG_CACHE;
 263
 264         if (xattr_map)
 265                 flags |= FIEMAP_FLAG_XATTR;
 266
 267         if (use_extent_cache)
 268                 cmd = EXT4_IOC_GET_ES_CACHE;
 269
 270         if (device_offset) {
 271                 flags |= FIEMAP_FLAG_DEVICE_ORDER;
 272                 memset(fm_ext, 0, sizeof(struct fiemap_extent));
 273         }
 274
 275 retry_wo_device_order:
 276         do {
 277                 fiemap->fm_length = ~0ULL;
 278                 fiemap->fm_flags = flags;
 279                 fiemap->fm_extent_count = count;
 280                 rc = ioctl(fd, cmd, (unsigned long) fiemap);
 281                 if (rc < 0) {
 282                         static int fiemap_incompat_printed;
 283
 284                         rc = -errno;
 285                         if (rc == -EBADR && !fiemap_incompat_printed) {
 286                                 fprintf(stderr, "FIEMAP failed with unknown "
 287                                                 "flags %x\n",
 288                                        fiemap->fm_flags);
 289                                 fiemap_incompat_printed = 1;
 290                         } else if (rc == EBADR && (fiemap->fm_flags &
 291                                                    FIEMAP_FLAG_DEVICE_ORDER)) {
 292                                 flags &= ~FIEMAP_FLAG_DEVICE_ORDER;
 293                                 goto retry_wo_device_order;
 294                         }
 295                         return rc;
 296                 }
 297
 298                 /* If 0 extents are returned, then more ioctls are not needed */
 299                 if (fiemap->fm_mapped_extents == 0)
 300                         break;
 301
 302                 if (verbose && !fiemap_header_printed) {
 303                         print_extent_header();
 304                         fiemap_header_printed = 1;
 305                 }
 306
 307                 for (i = 0; i < fiemap->fm_mapped_extents; i++) {
 308                         expected_dense = fm_last.fe_physical +
 309                                          fm_last.fe_length;
 310                         expected = fm_last.fe_physical +
 311                                    fm_ext[i].fe_logical - fm_last.fe_logical;
 312                         if ((fm_ext[i].fe_logical != 0 &&
 313                              fm_ext[i].fe_physical != expected &&
 314                              fm_ext[i].fe_physical != expected_dense) ||
 315                             ((fm_ext[i].fe_device & 0xffff) != previous_device)) {
 316                                 tot_extents++;
 317                         } else {
 318                                 expected = 0;
 319                                 if (!tot_extents)
 320                                         tot_extents = 1;
 321                         }
 322                         if (verbose)
 323                                 print_extent_info(&fm_ext[i], n, expected,
 324                                                   blk_shift, st);
 325                         if (fm_ext[i].fe_flags & FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST)
 326                                 last = 1;
 327                         fm_last = fm_ext[i];
 328                         n++;
 329                         previous_device = fm_ext[i].fe_device & 0xffff;
 330                 }
 331
 332                 /* For DEVICE_ORDER mappings, if EXTENT_LAST not yet found then
 333                  * fm_start needs to be the same as it was for earlier ioctl.
 334                  * The first extent is used to pass the end offset and device
 335                  * of the last FIEMAP call.  Otherwise, we ask for extents
 336                  * starting from where the last mapping ended. */
 337                 if (flags & FIEMAP_FLAG_DEVICE_ORDER) {
 338                         fm_ext[0].fe_logical =  fm_ext[i - 1].fe_logical +
 339                                                 fm_ext[i - 1].fe_length;
 340                         fm_ext[0].fe_device =   fm_ext[i - 1].fe_device;
 341                         fiemap->fm_start =      0;
 342                 } else {
 343                         fiemap->fm_start =      fm_ext[i - 1].fe_logical +
 344                                                 fm_ext[i - 1].fe_length;
 345                 }
 346         } while (last == 0);
 347
 348         *num_extents = tot_extents;
 349
 350         return 0;
 351 }
 352
 353 #define EXT2_DIRECT     12
 354
 355 static int filefrag_fibmap(int fd, int blk_shift, int *num_extents,
 356                            ext2fs_struct_stat *st,
 357                            unsigned long numblocks, int is_ext2)
 358 {
 359         struct fiemap_extent    fm_ext, fm_last;
 360         unsigned long           i, last_block;
 361         unsigned long long      logical, expected = 0;
 362                                 /* Blocks per indirect block */
 363         const long              bpib = st->st_blksize / 4;
 364         int                     count;
 365
 366         memset(&fm_ext, 0, sizeof(fm_ext));
 367         memset(&fm_last, 0, sizeof(fm_last));
 368         if (force_extent) {
 369                 fm_ext.fe_device = st->st_dev;
 370                 fm_ext.fe_flags = FIEMAP_EXTENT_MERGED;
 371         }
 372
 373         if (sync_file && fsync(fd) != 0)
 374                 return -errno;
 375
 376         for (i = 0, logical = 0, *num_extents = 0, count = last_block = 0;
 377              i < numblocks;
 378              i++, logical += st->st_blksize) {
 379                 unsigned long block = 0;
 380                 int rc;
 381
 382                 if (is_ext2 && last_block) {
 383                         if (((i - EXT2_DIRECT) % bpib) == 0)
 384                                 last_block++;
 385                         if (((i - EXT2_DIRECT - bpib) % (bpib * bpib)) == 0)
 386                                 last_block++;
 387                         if (((i - EXT2_DIRECT - bpib - bpib * bpib) %
 388                              (((unsigned long long)bpib) * bpib * bpib)) == 0)
 389                                 last_block++;
 390                 }
 391                 rc = get_bmap(fd, i, &block);
 392                 if (rc < 0)
 393                         return rc;
 394                 if (block == 0)
 395                         continue;
 396
 397                 if (*num_extents == 0 || block != last_block + 1 ||
 398                     fm_ext.fe_logical + fm_ext.fe_length != logical) {
 399                         /*
 400                          * This is the start of a new extent; figure out where
 401                          * we expected it to be and report the extent.
 402                          */
 403                         if (*num_extents != 0 && fm_last.fe_length) {
 404                                 expected = fm_last.fe_physical +
 405                                         (fm_ext.fe_logical - fm_last.fe_logical);
 406                                 if (expected == fm_ext.fe_physical)
 407                                         expected = 0;
 408                         }
 409                         if (force_extent && *num_extents == 0)
 410                                 print_extent_header();
 411                         if (force_extent && *num_extents != 0) {
 412                                 print_extent_info(&fm_ext, *num_extents - 1,
 413                                                   expected, blk_shift, st);
 414                         }
 415                         if (verbose && expected != 0) {
 416                                 printf("Discontinuity: Block %llu is at %llu "
 417                                        "(was %llu)\n",
 418                                        (unsigned long long) (fm_ext.fe_logical / st->st_blksize),
 419                                        (unsigned long long) (fm_ext.fe_physical / st->st_blksize),
 420                                        (unsigned long long) (expected / st->st_blksize));
 421                         }
 422                         /* create the new extent */
 423                         fm_last = fm_ext;
 424                         (*num_extents)++;
 425                         fm_ext.fe_physical = block * st->st_blksize;
 426                         fm_ext.fe_logical = logical;
 427                         fm_ext.fe_length = 0;
 428                 }
 429                 fm_ext.fe_length += st->st_blksize;
 430                 last_block = block;
 431         }
 432         if (force_extent && *num_extents != 0) {
 433                 if (fm_last.fe_length) {
 434                         expected = fm_last.fe_physical +
 435                                    (fm_ext.fe_logical - fm_last.fe_logical);
 436                         if (expected == fm_ext.fe_physical)
 437                                 expected = 0;
 438                 }
 439                 print_extent_info(&fm_ext, *num_extents - 1, expected,
 440                                   blk_shift, st);
 441         }
 442
 443         return count;
 444 }
 445
 446 static int frag_report(const char *filename)
 447 {
 448         static struct statfs fsinfo;
 449         static unsigned int blksize;
 450         ext2fs_struct_stat st;
 451         int             blk_shift;
 452         long            fd;
 453         unsigned long long      numblocks;
 454         int             data_blocks_per_cyl = 1;
 455         int             num_extents = 1, expected = ~0;
 456         int             is_ext2 = 0;
 457         static dev_t    last_device;
 458         int             width;
 459         int             rc = 0;
 460
 461 #if defined(HAVE_OPEN64) && !defined(__OSX_AVAILABLE_BUT_DEPRECATED)
 462         fd = open64(filename, O_RDONLY);
 463 #else
 464         fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
 465 #endif
 466         if (fd < 0) {
 467                 rc = -errno;
 468                 perror("open");
 469                 return rc;
 470         }
 471
 472 #if defined(HAVE_FSTAT64) && !defined(__OSX_AVAILABLE_BUT_DEPRECATED)
 473         if (fstat64(fd, &st) < 0) {
 474 #else
 475         if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0) {
 476 #endif
 477                 rc = -errno;
 478                 perror("stat");
 479                 goto out_close;
 480         }
 481
 482         if ((last_device != st.st_dev) || !st.st_dev) {
 483                 if (fstatfs(fd, &fsinfo) < 0) {
 484                         rc = -errno;
 485                         perror("fstatfs");
 486                         goto out_close;
 487                 }
 488                 if ((ioctl(fd, FIGETBSZ, &blksize) < 0) || !blksize)
 489                         blksize = fsinfo.f_bsize;
 490                 if (verbose)
 491                         printf("Filesystem type is: %lx\n",
 492                                (unsigned long)fsinfo.f_type);
 493         }
 494         st.st_blksize = blksize;
 495         if (fsinfo.f_type == 0xef51 || fsinfo.f_type == 0xef52 ||
 496             fsinfo.f_type == 0xef53) {
 497                 unsigned int    flags;
 498
 499                 if (ioctl(fd, EXT3_IOC_GETFLAGS, &flags) == 0 &&
 500                     !(flags & EXT4_EXTENTS_FL))
 501                         is_ext2 = 1;
 502         }
 503
 504         /* Check if filesystem is Lustre.  Always print in extent format
 505          * with 1kB blocks, using the device-relative logical offsets. */
 506         if (fsinfo.f_type == LUSTRE_SUPER_MAGIC) {
 507                 device_offset = 1;
 508                 blocksize = blocksize ?: 1024;
 509         }
 510
 511         if (is_ext2) {
 512                 long cylgroups = div_ceil(fsinfo.f_blocks, blksize * 8);
 513
 514                 if (verbose && last_device != st.st_dev)
 515                         printf("Filesystem cylinder groups approximately %ld\n",
 516                                cylgroups);
 517
 518                 data_blocks_per_cyl = blksize * 8 -
 519                                         (fsinfo.f_files / 8 / cylgroups) - 3;
 520         }
 521         last_device = st.st_dev;
 522
 523         width = ulong_log10(fsinfo.f_blocks);
 524         if (width > physical_width)
 525                 physical_width = width;
 526
 527         numblocks = (st.st_size + blksize - 1) / blksize;
 528         if (blocksize != 0)
 529                 blk_shift = ulong_log2(blocksize);
 530         else
 531                 blk_shift = ulong_log2(blksize);
 532
 533         if (use_extent_cache)
 534                 width = 10;
 535         else
 536                 width = ulong_log10(numblocks);
 537         if (width > logical_width)
 538                 logical_width = width;
 539         if (verbose) {
 540                 __u32 state;
 541
 542                 printf("File size of %s is %llu (%llu block%s of %d bytes)",
 543                        filename, (unsigned long long) st.st_size,
 544                        (unsigned long long) (numblocks * blksize >> blk_shift),
 545                        numblocks == 1 ? "" : "s", 1 << blk_shift);
 546                 if (use_extent_cache &&
 547                     ioctl(fd, EXT4_IOC_GETSTATE, &state) == 0 &&
 548                     (state & EXT4_STATE_FLAG_EXT_PRECACHED))
 549                         fputs(" -- pre-cached", stdout);
 550                 fputc('\n', stdout);
 551         }
 552
 553         if (!force_bmap) {
 554                 rc = filefrag_fiemap(fd, blk_shift, &num_extents, &st);
 555                 expected = 0;
 556                 if (rc < 0 &&
 557                     (use_extent_cache || precache_file || xattr_map)) {
 558                         if (rc != -EBADR)
 559                                 fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s\n ",
 560                                         filename,
 561                                         use_extent_cache ?
 562                                         "EXT4_IOC_GET_ES_CACHE" :
 563                                         "FS_IOC_FIEMAP", strerror(-rc));
 564                         goto out_close;
 565                 }
 566         }
 567
 568         if (force_bmap || rc < 0) { /* FIEMAP failed, try FIBMAP instead */
 569                 expected = filefrag_fibmap(fd, blk_shift, &num_extents,
 570                                            &st, numblocks, is_ext2);
 571                 if (expected < 0) {
 572                         if (expected == -EINVAL || expected == -ENOTTY) {
 573                                 fprintf(stderr, "%s: FIBMAP%s unsupported\n",
 574                                         filename, force_bmap ? "" : "/FIEMAP");
 575                         } else if (expected == -EPERM) {
 576                                 fprintf(stderr,
 577                                         "%s: FIBMAP requires root privileges\n",
 578                                         filename);
 579                         } else {
 580                                 fprintf(stderr, "%s: FIBMAP error: %s",
 581                                         filename, strerror(expected));
 582                         }
 583                         rc = expected;
 584                         goto out_close;
 585                 } else {
 586                         rc = 0;
 587                 }
 588                 expected = expected / data_blocks_per_cyl + 1;
 589         }
 590
 591         if (num_extents == 1)
 592                 printf("%s: 1 extent found", filename);
 593         else
 594                 printf("%s: %d extents found", filename, num_extents);
 595         /* count, and thus expected, only set for indirect FIBMAP'd files */
 596         if (is_ext2 && expected && expected < num_extents)
 597                 printf(", perfection would be %d extent%s\n", expected,
 598                         (expected > 1) ? "s" : "");
 599         else
 600                 fputc('\n', stdout);
 601 out_close:
 602         close(fd);
 603
 604         return rc;
 605 }
 606
 607 static void usage(const char *progname)
 608 {
 609         fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [-b{blocksize}[KMG]] [-BeEksvxX] file ...\n",
 610                 progname);
 611         exit(1);
 612 }
 613
 614 int main(int argc, char**argv)
 615 {
 616         char **cpp;
 617         int rc = 0, c;
 618         int version = 0;
 619
 620         while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "Bb::eEkPlsvxXV")) != EOF) {
 621                 switch (c) {
 622                 case 'B':
 623                         force_bmap++;
 624                         force_extent = 0;
 625                         break;
 626                 case 'b':
 627                         if (optarg) {
 628                                 char *end;
 629                                 unsigned long val;
 630
 631                                 val = strtoul(optarg, &end, 0);
 632                                 if (end) {
 633 #if __GNUC_PREREQ (7, 0)
 634 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
 635 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wimplicit-fallthrough"
 636 #endif
 637                                         switch (end[0]) {
 638                                         case 'g':
 639                                         case 'G':
 640                                                 val *= 1024;
 641                                                 /* fall through */
 642                                         case 'm':
 643                                         case 'M':
 644                                                 val *= 1024;
 645                                                 /* fall through */
 646                                         case 'k':
 647                                         case 'K':
 648                                                 val *= 1024;
 649                                                 break;
 650                                         default:
 651                                                 break;
 652                                         }
 653 #if __GNUC_PREREQ (7, 0)
 654 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 655 #endif
 656                                 }
 657                                 /* Specifying too large a blocksize will just
 658                                  * shift all extents down to zero length. Even
 659                                  * 1GB is questionable, but caveat emptor. */
 660                                 if (val > 1024 * 1024 * 1024) {
 661                                         fprintf(stderr,
 662                                                 "%s: blocksize %lu over 1GB\n",
 663                                                 argv[0], val);
 664                                         usage(argv[0]);
 665                                 }
 666                                 blocksize = val;
 667                         } else { /* Allow -b without argument for compat. Remove
 668                                   * this eventually so "-b {blocksize}" works */
 669                                 fprintf(stderr, "%s: -b needs a blocksize "
 670                                         "option, assuming 1024-byte blocks.\n",
 671                                         argv[0]);
 672                                 blocksize = 1024;
 673                         }
 674                         break;
 675                 case 'E':
 676                         use_extent_cache++;
 677                         /* fallthrough */
 678                 case 'e':
 679                         force_extent++;
 680                         if (!verbose)
 681                                 verbose++;
 682                         break;
 683                 case 'k':
 684                         blocksize = 1024;
 685                         break;
 686                 case 'P':
 687                         precache_file++;
 688                         break;
 689                 case 'l':
 690                         device_offset++;
 691                         break;
 692                 case 's':
 693                         sync_file++;
 694                         break;
 695                 case 'v':
 696                         verbose++;
 697                         break;
 698                 case 'V':
 699                         version++;
 700                         break;
 701                 case 'x':
 702                         xattr_map++;
 703                         break;
 704                 case 'X':
 705                         ext_fmt = hex_fmt;
 706                         break;
 707                 default:
 708                         usage(argv[0]);
 709                         break;
 710                 }
 711         }
 712         if (version) {
 713                 /* Print version number and exit */
 714                 printf("filefrag %s (%s)\n", E2FSPROGS_VERSION, E2FSPROGS_DATE);
 715                 if (version + verbose > 1) {
 716                         char flags[256] = "";
 717
 718                         print_flags(0xffffffff, flags, sizeof(flags), 0);
 719                         printf("supported: %s\n", flags);
 720                 }
 721                 exit(0);
 722         }
 723
 724         if (optind == argc)
 725                 usage(argv[0]);
 726
 727         for (cpp = argv + optind; *cpp != NULL; cpp++) {
 728                 int rc2 = frag_report(*cpp);
 729
 730                 if (rc2 < 0 && rc == 0)
 731                         rc = rc2;
 732         }
 733
 734         return -rc;
 735 }
 736 #endif