1 This package, the EXT2 filesystem utilities, are made available under
2 the GNU Public License version 2, with the exception of the lib/ext2fs
3 and lib/e2p libraries, which are made available under the GNU Library
4 General Public License Version 2, the lib/uuid library which is made
5 available under a BSD-style license and the lib/et and lib/ss
6 libraries which are made available under an MIT-style license. Please
7 see lib/uuid/COPYING for more details for the license for the files
8 comprising the libuuid library, and the source file headers of the
9 libet and libss libraries for more information.
11 The most recent officially distributed version can be found at
12 http://e2fsprogs.sourceforge.net. If you need to make a distribution,
13 that's the one you should use. If there is some reason why you'd like
14 a more recent version that is still in ALPHA testing (i.e., either
15 using the "WIP" test distributions or one from the hg or git
16 repository from the development branch, please contact me
17 (tytso@mit.edu) before you ship. The release schedules for this
18 package are flexible, if you give me enough lead time.
24 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
26 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
29 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
30 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
31 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
32 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
36 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
37 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
38 License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
39 software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
40 General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
41 Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
42 using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
43 the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
46 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
47 price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
48 have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
49 this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
50 if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
51 in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
53 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
54 anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
55 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
56 distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
58 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
59 gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
60 you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
61 source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
64 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
65 (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
66 distribute and/or modify the software.
68 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
69 that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
70 software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
71 want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
72 that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
75 Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
76 patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
77 program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
78 program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
79 patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
81 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
84 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
85 TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
87 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
88 a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
89 under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below,
90 refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
91 means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
92 that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
93 either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
94 language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
95 the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
97 Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
98 covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
99 running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
100 is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
101 Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
102 Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
104 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
105 source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
106 conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
107 copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
108 notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
109 and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
110 along with the Program.
112 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
113 you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
115 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
116 of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
117 distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
118 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
120 a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
121 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
123 b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
124 whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
125 part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
126 parties under the terms of this License.
128 c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
129 when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
130 interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
131 announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
132 notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
133 a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
134 these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
135 License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
136 does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
137 the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
139 These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
140 identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
141 and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
142 themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
143 sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
144 distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
145 on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
146 this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
147 entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
149 Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
150 your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
151 exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
152 collective works based on the Program.
154 In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
155 with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
156 a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
157 the scope of this License.
159 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
160 under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
161 Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
163 a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
164 source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
165 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
167 b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
168 years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
169 cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
170 machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
171 distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
172 customarily used for software interchange; or,
174 c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
175 to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
176 allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
177 received the program in object code or executable form with such
178 an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
180 The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
181 making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
182 code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
183 associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
184 control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
185 special exception, the source code distributed need not include
186 anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
187 form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
188 operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
189 itself accompanies the executable.
191 If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
192 access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
193 access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
194 distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
195 compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
197 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
198 except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
199 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
200 void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
201 However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
202 this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
203 parties remain in full compliance.
205 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
206 signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
207 distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
208 prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
209 modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
210 Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
211 all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
212 the Program or works based on it.
214 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
215 Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
216 original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
217 these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
218 restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
219 You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
222 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
223 infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
224 conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
225 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
226 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
227 distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
228 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
229 may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
230 license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
231 all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
232 the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
233 refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
235 If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
236 any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
237 apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
240 It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
241 patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
242 such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
243 integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
244 implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
245 generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
246 through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
247 system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
248 to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
251 This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
252 be a consequence of the rest of this License.
254 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
255 certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
256 original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
257 may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
258 those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
259 countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
260 the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
262 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
263 of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
264 be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
265 address new problems or concerns.
267 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
268 specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
269 later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
270 either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
271 Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
272 this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
275 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
276 programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
277 to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
278 Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
279 make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
280 of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
281 of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
285 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
286 FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
287 OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
288 PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
289 OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
290 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
291 TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
292 PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
293 REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
295 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
296 WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
297 REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
298 INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
299 OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
300 TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
301 YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
302 PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
303 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
305 END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
307 How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
309 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
310 possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
311 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
313 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
314 to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
315 convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
316 the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
318 <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
319 Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
321 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
322 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
323 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
324 (at your option) any later version.
326 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
327 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
328 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
329 GNU General Public License for more details.
331 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
332 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
333 Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
336 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
338 If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
339 when it starts in an interactive mode:
341 Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
342 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
343 This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
344 under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
346 The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
347 parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may
348 be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
349 mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
351 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
352 school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
353 necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
355 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
356 `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
358 <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
359 Ty Coon, President of Vice
361 This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
362 proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
363 consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
364 library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
365 Public License instead of this License.
367 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
369 GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
372 Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
373 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
374 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
375 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
377 [This is the first released version of the library GPL. It is
378 numbered 2 because it goes with version 2 of the ordinary GPL.]
382 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
383 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
384 Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change
385 free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.
387 This license, the Library General Public License, applies to some
388 specially designated Free Software Foundation software, and to any
389 other libraries whose authors decide to use it. You can use it for
392 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
393 price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
394 have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
395 this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
396 if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
397 in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
399 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
400 anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
401 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if
402 you distribute copies of the library, or if you modify it.
404 For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis
405 or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave
406 you. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source
407 code. If you link a program with the library, you must provide
408 complete object files to the recipients so that they can relink them
409 with the library, after making changes to the library and recompiling
410 it. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.
412 Our method of protecting your rights has two steps: (1) copyright
413 the library, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal
414 permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.
416 Also, for each distributor's protection, we want to make certain
417 that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
418 library. If the library is modified by someone else and passed on, we
419 want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original
420 version, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on
421 the original authors' reputations.
423 Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
424 patents. We wish to avoid the danger that companies distributing free
425 software will individually obtain patent licenses, thus in effect
426 transforming the program into proprietary software. To prevent this,
427 we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's
428 free use or not licensed at all.
430 Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the ordinary
431 GNU General Public License, which was designed for utility programs. This
432 license, the GNU Library General Public License, applies to certain
433 designated libraries. This license is quite different from the ordinary
434 one; be sure to read it in full, and don't assume that anything in it is
435 the same as in the ordinary license.
437 The reason we have a separate public license for some libraries is that
438 they blur the distinction we usually make between modifying or adding to a
439 program and simply using it. Linking a program with a library, without
440 changing the library, is in some sense simply using the library, and is
441 analogous to running a utility program or application program. However, in
442 a textual and legal sense, the linked executable is a combined work, a
443 derivative of the original library, and the ordinary General Public License
446 Because of this blurred distinction, using the ordinary General
447 Public License for libraries did not effectively promote software
448 sharing, because most developers did not use the libraries. We
449 concluded that weaker conditions might promote sharing better.
451 However, unrestricted linking of non-free programs would deprive the
452 users of those programs of all benefit from the free status of the
453 libraries themselves. This Library General Public License is intended to
454 permit developers of non-free programs to use free libraries, while
455 preserving your freedom as a user of such programs to change the free
456 libraries that are incorporated in them. (We have not seen how to achieve
457 this as regards changes in header files, but we have achieved it as regards
458 changes in the actual functions of the Library.) The hope is that this
459 will lead to faster development of free libraries.
461 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
462 modification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a
463 "work based on the library" and a "work that uses the library". The
464 former contains code derived from the library, while the latter only
465 works together with the library.
467 Note that it is possible for a library to be covered by the ordinary
468 General Public License rather than by this special one.
470 GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
471 TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
473 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library which
474 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or other authorized
475 party saying it may be distributed under the terms of this Library
476 General Public License (also called "this License"). Each licensee is
479 A "library" means a collection of software functions and/or data
480 prepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs
481 (which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.
483 The "Library", below, refers to any such software library or work
484 which has been distributed under these terms. A "work based on the
485 Library" means either the Library or any derivative work under
486 copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a
487 portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated
488 straightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is
489 included without limitation in the term "modification".)
491 "Source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work for
492 making modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means
493 all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated
494 interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation
495 and installation of the library.
497 Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
498 covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
499 running a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from
500 such a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based
501 on the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for
502 writing it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does
503 and what the program that uses the Library does.
505 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's
506 complete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that
507 you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an
508 appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact
509 all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any
510 warranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the
513 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,
514 and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a
517 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion
518 of it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and
519 distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
520 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
522 a) The modified work must itself be a software library.
524 b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices
525 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
527 c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no
528 charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.
530 d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a
531 table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses
532 the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility
533 is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,
534 in the event an application does not supply such function or
535 table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of
536 its purpose remains meaningful.
538 (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has
539 a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the
540 application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any
541 application-supplied function or table used by this function must
542 be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square
543 root function must still compute square roots.)
545 These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
546 identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,
547 and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
548 themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
549 sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
550 distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
551 on the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
552 this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
553 entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote
556 Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
557 your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
558 exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
559 collective works based on the Library.
561 In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library
562 with the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of
563 a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
564 the scope of this License.
566 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public
567 License instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do
568 this, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so
569 that they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,
570 instead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the
571 ordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify
572 that version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in
575 Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for
576 that copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all
577 subsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.
579 This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of
580 the Library into a program that is not a library.
582 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or
583 derivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form
584 under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany
585 it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which
586 must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a
587 medium customarily used for software interchange.
589 If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy
590 from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the
591 source code from the same place satisfies the requirement to
592 distribute the source code, even though third parties are not
593 compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
595 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the
596 Library, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or
597 linked with it, is called a "work that uses the Library". Such a
598 work, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and
599 therefore falls outside the scope of this License.
601 However, linking a "work that uses the Library" with the Library
602 creates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it
603 contains portions of the Library), rather than a "work that uses the
604 library". The executable is therefore covered by this License.
605 Section 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.
607 When a "work that uses the Library" uses material from a header file
608 that is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a
609 derivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.
610 Whether this is true is especially significant if the work can be
611 linked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The
612 threshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.
614 If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data
615 structure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline
616 functions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object
617 file is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative
618 work. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the
619 Library will still fall under Section 6.)
621 Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may
622 distribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.
623 Any executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,
624 whether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.
626 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also compile or
627 link a "work that uses the Library" with the Library to produce a
628 work containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work
629 under terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit
630 modification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse
631 engineering for debugging such modifications.
633 You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the
634 Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by
635 this License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work
636 during execution displays copyright notices, you must include the
637 copyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference
638 directing the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one
641 a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding
642 machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever
643 changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under
644 Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked
645 with the Library, with the complete machine-readable "work that
646 uses the Library", as object code and/or source code, so that the
647 user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified
648 executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood
649 that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the
650 Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application
651 to use the modified definitions.)
653 b) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at
654 least three years, to give the same user the materials
655 specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more
656 than the cost of performing this distribution.
658 c) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy
659 from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above
660 specified materials from the same place.
662 d) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these
663 materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.
665 For an executable, the required form of the "work that uses the
666 Library" must include any data and utility programs needed for
667 reproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,
668 the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally
669 distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major
670 components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on
671 which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies
674 It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license
675 restrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally
676 accompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot
677 use both them and the Library together in an executable that you
680 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the
681 Library side-by-side in a single library together with other library
682 facilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined
683 library, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on
684 the Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise
685 permitted, and provided that you do these two things:
687 a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work
688 based on the Library, uncombined with any other library
689 facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the
692 b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact
693 that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining
694 where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.
696 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute
697 the Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any
698 attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or
699 distribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your
700 rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,
701 or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses
702 terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
704 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
705 signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
706 distribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are
707 prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
708 modifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the
709 Library), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
710 all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
711 the Library or works based on it.
713 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the
714 Library), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
715 original licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library
716 subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
717 restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
718 You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
721 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
722 infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
723 conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
724 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
725 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
726 distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
727 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
728 may not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent
729 license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by
730 all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
731 the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
732 refrain entirely from distribution of the Library.
734 If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any
735 particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,
736 and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.
738 It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
739 patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
740 such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
741 integrity of the free software distribution system which is
742 implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
743 generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
744 through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
745 system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
746 to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
749 This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
750 be a consequence of the rest of this License.
752 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in
753 certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
754 original copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add
755 an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,
756 so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus
757 excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if
758 written in the body of this License.
760 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new
761 versions of the Library General Public License from time to time.
762 Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,
763 but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
765 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library
766 specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and
767 "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and
768 conditions either of that version or of any later version published by
769 the Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a
770 license version number, you may choose any version ever published by
771 the Free Software Foundation.
773 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free
774 programs whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,
775 write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is
776 copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free
777 Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our
778 decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status
779 of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing
780 and reuse of software generally.
784 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO
785 WARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.
786 EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR
787 OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
788 KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
789 IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
790 PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE
791 LIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME
792 THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
794 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN
795 WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY
796 AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU
797 FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR
798 CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE
799 LIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING
800 RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A
801 FAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF
802 SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
805 END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
807 How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries
809 If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest
810 possible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that
811 everyone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting
812 redistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the
813 ordinary General Public License).
815 To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is
816 safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
817 convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
818 "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
820 <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
821 Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
823 This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
824 modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
825 License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
826 version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
828 This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
829 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
830 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
831 Library General Public License for more details.
833 You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
834 License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
835 Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
837 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
839 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
840 school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the library, if
841 necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
843 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the
844 library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.
846 <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990
847 Ty Coon, President of Vice
849 That's all there is to it!