LU-16750 ldiskfs: optimize metadata allocation for hybrid LUNs

LU-16750 ldiskfs: optimize metadata allocation for hybrid LUNs

With LVM it is possible to create an LV with SSD storage at the
beginning of the LV and HDD storage at the end of the LV, and use that
to separate ext4 metadata allocations (that need small random IOs)
from data allocations (that are better suited for large sequential
IOs) depending on the type of underlying storage.  Between 0.5-1.0% of
the filesystem capacity would need to be high-IOPS storage in order to
hold all of the internal metadata.

This would improve performance for inode and other metadata access,
such as ls, find, e2fsck, and in general improve file access latency,
modification, truncate, unlink, transaction commit, etc.

This patch split largest free order group lists and average fragment
size lists into other two lists for IOPS/fast storage groups, and
cr 0 / cr 1 group scanning for metadata block allocation in following
order:

if (allocate metadata blocks)
      if (cr == 0)
              try to find group in largest free order IOPS group list
      if (cr == 1)
              try to find group in fragment size IOPS group list
      if (above two find failed)
              fall through normal group lists as before
if (allocate data blocks)
      try to find group in normal group lists as before
      if (failed to find group in normal group && mb_enable_iops_data)
              try to find group in IOPS groups

Non-metadata block allocation does not allocate from the IOPS groups
if non-IOPS groups are not used up.

Add for mke2fs an option to mark which blocks are in the IOPS region
of storage at format time:

  -E iops=0-1024G,4096-8192G

so the ext4 mballoc code can then use the EXT4_BG_IOPS flag in the
group descriptors to decide which groups to allocate dynamic
filesystem metadata.

--
v2->v3: add sysfs mb_enable_iops_data to enable data block allocation
        from IOPS groups.
v1->v2: for metadata block allocation, search in IOPS list then normal
        list.

Lustre-change: https://review.whamcloud.com/51625
Lustre-commit: TBD (from 452f102a581f2a8ef8396bf0ba5584d61512a267)

Signed-off-by: Bobi Jam <bobijam@whamcloud.com>
Change-Id: Ice2d25b8db19f67e70690f9ccebc419f253b12bd
Reviewed-on: https://review.whamcloud.com/c/ex/lustre-release/+/52121
Tested-by: jenkins <devops@whamcloud.com>
Tested-by: Maloo <maloo@whamcloud.com>
Reviewed-by: Li Dongyang <dongyangli@ddn.com>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@whamcloud.com>