LU-16077 tbf: pb_uid/pb_gid ptlrpc_body fields for TBF rules

[fs/lustre-release.git] / lustre / llite / file.c

/*
 * GPL HEADER START
 *
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only,
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * General Public License version 2 for more details (a copy is included
 * in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 along with this program; If not, see
 * http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html
 *
 * GPL HEADER END
 */
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2002, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * Use is subject to license terms.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2011, 2017, Intel Corporation.
 */
/*
 * This file is part of Lustre, http://www.lustre.org/
 *
 * lustre/llite/file.c
 *
 * Author: Peter Braam <braam@clusterfs.com>
 * Author: Phil Schwan <phil@clusterfs.com>
 * Author: Andreas Dilger <adilger@clusterfs.com>
 */

#define DEBUG_SUBSYSTEM S_LLITE
#include <lustre_dlm.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/file.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/user_namespace.h>
#include <linux/uidgid.h>
#include <linux/falloc.h>
#include <linux/ktime.h>

#include <uapi/linux/lustre/lustre_ioctl.h>
#include <lustre_swab.h>

#include "cl_object.h"
#include "llite_internal.h"
#include "vvp_internal.h"

struct split_param {
        struct inode    *sp_inode;
        __u16           sp_mirror_id;
};

struct pcc_param {
        __u64   pa_data_version;
        __u32   pa_archive_id;
        __u32   pa_layout_gen;
};

static int
ll_put_grouplock(struct inode *inode, struct file *file, unsigned long arg);

static int ll_lease_close(struct obd_client_handle *och, struct inode *inode,
                          bool *lease_broken);

static struct ll_file_data *ll_file_data_get(void)
{
        struct ll_file_data *fd;

        OBD_SLAB_ALLOC_PTR_GFP(fd, ll_file_data_slab, GFP_NOFS);
        if (fd == NULL)
                return NULL;

        fd->fd_write_failed = false;
        pcc_file_init(&fd->fd_pcc_file);

        return fd;
}

static void ll_file_data_put(struct ll_file_data *fd)
{
        if (fd != NULL)
                OBD_SLAB_FREE_PTR(fd, ll_file_data_slab);
}

/**
 * Packs all the attributes into @op_data for the CLOSE rpc.
 */
static void ll_prepare_close(struct inode *inode, struct md_op_data *op_data,
                             struct obd_client_handle *och)
{
        ENTRY;

        ll_prep_md_op_data(op_data, inode, NULL, NULL,
                           0, 0, LUSTRE_OPC_ANY, NULL);

        op_data->op_attr.ia_mode = inode->i_mode;
        op_data->op_attr.ia_atime = inode->i_atime;
        op_data->op_attr.ia_mtime = inode->i_mtime;
        op_data->op_attr.ia_ctime = inode->i_ctime;
        /* In case of encrypted file without the key, visible size was rounded
         * up to next LUSTRE_ENCRYPTION_UNIT_SIZE, and clear text size was
         * stored into lli_lazysize in ll_merge_attr(), so set proper file size
         * now that we are closing.
         */
        if (llcrypt_require_key(inode) == -ENOKEY &&
            ll_i2info(inode)->lli_attr_valid & OBD_MD_FLLAZYSIZE)
                op_data->op_attr.ia_size = ll_i2info(inode)->lli_lazysize;
        else
                op_data->op_attr.ia_size = i_size_read(inode);
        op_data->op_attr.ia_valid |= (ATTR_MODE | ATTR_ATIME | ATTR_ATIME_SET |
                                      ATTR_MTIME | ATTR_MTIME_SET |
                                      ATTR_CTIME);
        op_data->op_xvalid |= OP_XVALID_CTIME_SET;
        op_data->op_attr_blocks = inode->i_blocks;
        op_data->op_attr_flags = ll_inode_to_ext_flags(inode->i_flags);
        if (test_bit(LLIF_PROJECT_INHERIT, &ll_i2info(inode)->lli_flags))
                op_data->op_attr_flags |= LUSTRE_PROJINHERIT_FL;
        op_data->op_open_handle = och->och_open_handle;

        if (och->och_flags & FMODE_WRITE &&
            test_and_clear_bit(LLIF_DATA_MODIFIED, &ll_i2info(inode)->lli_flags))
                /* For HSM: if inode data has been modified, pack it so that
                 * MDT can set data dirty flag in the archive. */
                op_data->op_bias |= MDS_DATA_MODIFIED;

        EXIT;
}

/**
 * Perform a close, possibly with a bias.
 * The meaning of "data" depends on the value of "bias".
 *
 * If \a bias is MDS_HSM_RELEASE then \a data is a pointer to the data version.
 * If \a bias is MDS_CLOSE_LAYOUT_SWAP then \a data is a pointer to the inode to
 * swap layouts with.
 */
static int ll_close_inode_openhandle(struct inode *inode,
                                     struct obd_client_handle *och,
                                     enum mds_op_bias bias, void *data)
{
        struct obd_export *md_exp = ll_i2mdexp(inode);
        const struct ll_inode_info *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
        struct md_op_data *op_data;
        struct ptlrpc_request *req = NULL;
        int rc;
        ENTRY;

        if (class_exp2obd(md_exp) == NULL) {
                CERROR("%s: invalid MDC connection handle closing "DFID"\n",
                       ll_i2sbi(inode)->ll_fsname, PFID(&lli->lli_fid));
                GOTO(out, rc = 0);
        }

        OBD_ALLOC_PTR(op_data);
        /* We leak openhandle and request here on error, but not much to be
         * done in OOM case since app won't retry close on error either. */
        if (op_data == NULL)
                GOTO(out, rc = -ENOMEM);

        ll_prepare_close(inode, op_data, och);
        switch (bias) {
        case MDS_CLOSE_LAYOUT_MERGE:
                /* merge blocks from the victim inode */
                op_data->op_attr_blocks += ((struct inode *)data)->i_blocks;
                op_data->op_attr.ia_valid |= ATTR_SIZE;
                op_data->op_xvalid |= OP_XVALID_BLOCKS;
                fallthrough;
        case MDS_CLOSE_LAYOUT_SPLIT:
        case MDS_CLOSE_LAYOUT_SWAP: {
                struct split_param *sp = data;

                LASSERT(data != NULL);
                op_data->op_bias |= bias;
                op_data->op_data_version = 0;
                op_data->op_lease_handle = och->och_lease_handle;
                if (bias == MDS_CLOSE_LAYOUT_SPLIT) {
                        op_data->op_fid2 = *ll_inode2fid(sp->sp_inode);
                        op_data->op_mirror_id = sp->sp_mirror_id;
                } else {
                        op_data->op_fid2 = *ll_inode2fid(data);
                }
                break;
        }

        case MDS_CLOSE_RESYNC_DONE: {
                struct ll_ioc_lease *ioc = data;

                LASSERT(data != NULL);
                op_data->op_attr_blocks +=
                        ioc->lil_count * op_data->op_attr_blocks;
                op_data->op_attr.ia_valid |= ATTR_SIZE;
                op_data->op_xvalid |= OP_XVALID_BLOCKS;
                op_data->op_bias |= MDS_CLOSE_RESYNC_DONE;

                op_data->op_lease_handle = och->och_lease_handle;
                op_data->op_data = &ioc->lil_ids[0];
                op_data->op_data_size =
                        ioc->lil_count * sizeof(ioc->lil_ids[0]);
                break;
        }

        case MDS_PCC_ATTACH: {
                struct pcc_param *param = data;

                LASSERT(data != NULL);
                op_data->op_bias |= MDS_HSM_RELEASE | MDS_PCC_ATTACH;
                op_data->op_archive_id = param->pa_archive_id;
                op_data->op_data_version = param->pa_data_version;
                op_data->op_lease_handle = och->och_lease_handle;
                break;
        }

        case MDS_HSM_RELEASE:
                LASSERT(data != NULL);
                op_data->op_bias |= MDS_HSM_RELEASE;
                op_data->op_data_version = *(__u64 *)data;
                op_data->op_lease_handle = och->och_lease_handle;
                op_data->op_attr.ia_valid |= ATTR_SIZE;
                op_data->op_xvalid |= OP_XVALID_BLOCKS;
                break;

        default:
                LASSERT(data == NULL);
                break;
        }

        if (!(op_data->op_attr.ia_valid & ATTR_SIZE))
                op_data->op_xvalid |= OP_XVALID_LAZYSIZE;
        if (!(op_data->op_xvalid & OP_XVALID_BLOCKS))
                op_data->op_xvalid |= OP_XVALID_LAZYBLOCKS;

        rc = md_close(md_exp, op_data, och->och_mod, &req);
        if (rc != 0 && rc != -EINTR)
                CERROR("%s: inode "DFID" mdc close failed: rc = %d\n",
                       md_exp->exp_obd->obd_name, PFID(&lli->lli_fid), rc);

        if (rc == 0 && op_data->op_bias & bias) {
                struct mdt_body *body;

                body = req_capsule_server_get(&req->rq_pill, &RMF_MDT_BODY);
                if (!(body->mbo_valid & OBD_MD_CLOSE_INTENT_EXECED))
                        rc = -EBUSY;

                if (bias & MDS_PCC_ATTACH) {
                        struct pcc_param *param = data;

                        param->pa_layout_gen = body->mbo_layout_gen;
                }
        }

        ll_finish_md_op_data(op_data);
        EXIT;
out:

        md_clear_open_replay_data(md_exp, och);
        och->och_open_handle.cookie = DEAD_HANDLE_MAGIC;
        OBD_FREE_PTR(och);

        ptlrpc_req_finished(req);       /* This is close request */
        return rc;
}

int ll_md_real_close(struct inode *inode, fmode_t fmode)
{
        struct ll_inode_info *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
        struct obd_client_handle **och_p;
        struct obd_client_handle *och;
        __u64 *och_usecount;
        int rc = 0;
        ENTRY;

        if (fmode & FMODE_WRITE) {
                och_p = &lli->lli_mds_write_och;
                och_usecount = &lli->lli_open_fd_write_count;
        } else if (fmode & FMODE_EXEC) {
                och_p = &lli->lli_mds_exec_och;
                och_usecount = &lli->lli_open_fd_exec_count;
        } else {
                LASSERT(fmode & FMODE_READ);
                och_p = &lli->lli_mds_read_och;
                och_usecount = &lli->lli_open_fd_read_count;
        }

        mutex_lock(&lli->lli_och_mutex);
        if (*och_usecount > 0) {
                /* There are still users of this handle, so skip
                 * freeing it. */
                mutex_unlock(&lli->lli_och_mutex);
                RETURN(0);
        }

        och = *och_p;
        *och_p = NULL;
        mutex_unlock(&lli->lli_och_mutex);

        if (och != NULL) {
                /* There might be a race and this handle may already
                 * be closed. */
                rc = ll_close_inode_openhandle(inode, och, 0, NULL);
        }

        RETURN(rc);
}

static int ll_md_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
        union ldlm_policy_data policy = {
                .l_inodebits    = { MDS_INODELOCK_OPEN },
        };
        __u64 flags = LDLM_FL_BLOCK_GRANTED | LDLM_FL_TEST_LOCK;
        struct ll_file_data *fd = file->private_data;
        struct ll_inode_info *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
        struct lustre_handle lockh;
        enum ldlm_mode lockmode;
        int rc = 0;
        ENTRY;

        /* clear group lock, if present */
        if (unlikely(fd->fd_flags & LL_FILE_GROUP_LOCKED))
                ll_put_grouplock(inode, file, fd->fd_grouplock.lg_gid);

        mutex_lock(&lli->lli_och_mutex);
        if (fd->fd_lease_och != NULL) {
                bool lease_broken;
                struct obd_client_handle *lease_och;

                lease_och = fd->fd_lease_och;
                fd->fd_lease_och = NULL;
                mutex_unlock(&lli->lli_och_mutex);

                /* Usually the lease is not released when the
                 * application crashed, we need to release here. */
                rc = ll_lease_close(lease_och, inode, &lease_broken);

                mutex_lock(&lli->lli_och_mutex);

                CDEBUG_LIMIT(rc ? D_ERROR : D_INODE,
                             "Clean up lease "DFID" %d/%d\n",
                             PFID(&lli->lli_fid), rc, lease_broken);
        }

        if (fd->fd_och != NULL) {
                struct obd_client_handle *och;

                och = fd->fd_och;
                fd->fd_och = NULL;
                mutex_unlock(&lli->lli_och_mutex);

                rc = ll_close_inode_openhandle(inode, och, 0, NULL);
                GOTO(out, rc);
        }

        /* Let's see if we have good enough OPEN lock on the file and if
           we can skip talking to MDS */
        if (fd->fd_omode & FMODE_WRITE) {
                lockmode = LCK_CW;
                LASSERT(lli->lli_open_fd_write_count);
                lli->lli_open_fd_write_count--;
        } else if (fd->fd_omode & FMODE_EXEC) {
                lockmode = LCK_PR;
                LASSERT(lli->lli_open_fd_exec_count);
                lli->lli_open_fd_exec_count--;
        } else {
                lockmode = LCK_CR;
                LASSERT(lli->lli_open_fd_read_count);
                lli->lli_open_fd_read_count--;
        }
        mutex_unlock(&lli->lli_och_mutex);

        /* LU-4398: do not cache write open lock if the file has exec bit */
        if ((lockmode == LCK_CW && inode->i_mode & S_IXUGO) ||
            !md_lock_match(ll_i2mdexp(inode), flags, ll_inode2fid(inode),
                           LDLM_IBITS, &policy, lockmode, &lockh))
                rc = ll_md_real_close(inode, fd->fd_omode);

out:
        file->private_data = NULL;
        ll_file_data_put(fd);

        RETURN(rc);
}

/* While this returns an error code, fput() the caller does not, so we need
 * to make every effort to clean up all of our state here.  Also, applications
 * rarely check close errors and even if an error is returned they will not
 * re-try the close call.
 */
int ll_file_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
        struct ll_file_data *fd;
        struct ll_sb_info *sbi = ll_i2sbi(inode);
        struct ll_inode_info *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
        ktime_t kstart = ktime_get();
        int rc;

        ENTRY;

        CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE, "VFS Op:inode="DFID"(%p)\n",
               PFID(ll_inode2fid(inode)), inode);

        fd = file->private_data;
        LASSERT(fd != NULL);

        /* The last ref on @file, maybe not the the owner pid of statahead,
         * because parent and child process can share the same file handle. */
        if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode) && lli->lli_opendir_key == fd)
                ll_deauthorize_statahead(inode, fd);

        if (is_root_inode(inode)) {
                file->private_data = NULL;
                ll_file_data_put(fd);
                GOTO(out, rc = 0);
        }

        pcc_file_release(inode, file);

        if (!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode)) {
                if (lli->lli_clob != NULL)
                        lov_read_and_clear_async_rc(lli->lli_clob);
                lli->lli_async_rc = 0;
        }

        lli->lli_close_fd_time = ktime_get();

        rc = ll_md_close(inode, file);

        if (CFS_FAIL_TIMEOUT_MS(OBD_FAIL_PTLRPC_DUMP_LOG, cfs_fail_val))
                libcfs_debug_dumplog();

out:
        if (!rc && !is_root_inode(inode))
                ll_stats_ops_tally(sbi, LPROC_LL_RELEASE,
                                   ktime_us_delta(ktime_get(), kstart));
        RETURN(rc);
}

static inline int ll_dom_readpage(void *data, struct page *page)
{
        /* since ll_dom_readpage is a page cache helper, it is safe to assume
         * mapping and host pointers are set here
         */
        struct inode *inode;
        struct niobuf_local *lnb = data;
        void *kaddr;
        int rc = 0;

        inode = page2inode(page);

        kaddr = kmap_atomic(page);
        memcpy(kaddr, lnb->lnb_data, lnb->lnb_len);
        if (lnb->lnb_len < PAGE_SIZE)
                memset(kaddr + lnb->lnb_len, 0,
                       PAGE_SIZE - lnb->lnb_len);
        flush_dcache_page(page);
        SetPageUptodate(page);
        kunmap_atomic(kaddr);

        if (inode && IS_ENCRYPTED(inode) && S_ISREG(inode->i_mode)) {
                if (!llcrypt_has_encryption_key(inode))
                        CDEBUG(D_SEC, "no enc key for "DFID"\n",
                               PFID(ll_inode2fid(inode)));
                else {
                        unsigned int offs = 0;

                        while (offs < PAGE_SIZE) {
                                /* decrypt only if page is not empty */
                                if (memcmp(page_address(page) + offs,
                                           page_address(ZERO_PAGE(0)),
                                           LUSTRE_ENCRYPTION_UNIT_SIZE) == 0)
                                        break;

                                rc = llcrypt_decrypt_pagecache_blocks(page,
                                                    LUSTRE_ENCRYPTION_UNIT_SIZE,
                                                                      offs);
                                if (rc)
                                        break;

                                offs += LUSTRE_ENCRYPTION_UNIT_SIZE;
                        }
                }
        }
        unlock_page(page);

        return rc;
}

#ifdef HAVE_READ_CACHE_PAGE_WANTS_FILE
static inline int ll_dom_read_folio(struct file *file, struct folio *folio0)
{
        return ll_dom_readpage(file->private_data, folio_page(folio0, 0));
}
#else
#define ll_dom_read_folio       ll_dom_readpage
#endif

void ll_dom_finish_open(struct inode *inode, struct ptlrpc_request *req)
{
        struct lu_env *env;
        struct cl_io *io;
        struct ll_inode_info *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
        struct cl_object *obj = lli->lli_clob;
        struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
        struct page *vmpage;
        struct niobuf_remote *rnb;
        struct mdt_body *body;
        char *data;
        unsigned long index, start;
        struct niobuf_local lnb;
        __u16 refcheck;
        int rc;

        ENTRY;

        if (obj == NULL)
                RETURN_EXIT;

        if (!req_capsule_field_present(&req->rq_pill, &RMF_NIOBUF_INLINE,
                                       RCL_SERVER))
                RETURN_EXIT;

        rnb = req_capsule_server_get(&req->rq_pill, &RMF_NIOBUF_INLINE);
        if (rnb == NULL || rnb->rnb_len == 0)
                RETURN_EXIT;

        /* LU-11595: Server may return whole file and that is OK always or
         * it may return just file tail and its offset must be aligned with
         * client PAGE_SIZE to be used on that client, if server's PAGE_SIZE is
         * smaller then offset may be not aligned and that data is just ignored.
         */
        if (rnb->rnb_offset & ~PAGE_MASK)
                RETURN_EXIT;

        /* Server returns whole file or just file tail if it fills in reply
         * buffer, in both cases total size should be equal to the file size.
         */
        body = req_capsule_server_get(&req->rq_pill, &RMF_MDT_BODY);
        if (rnb->rnb_offset + rnb->rnb_len != body->mbo_dom_size &&
            !(inode && IS_ENCRYPTED(inode))) {
                CERROR("%s: server returns off/len %llu/%u but size %llu\n",
                       ll_i2sbi(inode)->ll_fsname, rnb->rnb_offset,
                       rnb->rnb_len, body->mbo_dom_size);
                RETURN_EXIT;
        }

        env = cl_env_get(&refcheck);
        if (IS_ERR(env))
                RETURN_EXIT;
        io = vvp_env_thread_io(env);
        io->ci_obj = obj;
        io->ci_ignore_layout = 1;
        rc = cl_io_init(env, io, CIT_MISC, obj);
        if (rc)
                GOTO(out_io, rc);

        CDEBUG(D_INFO, "Get data along with open at %llu len %i, size %llu\n",
               rnb->rnb_offset, rnb->rnb_len, body->mbo_dom_size);

        data = (char *)rnb + sizeof(*rnb);

        lnb.lnb_file_offset = rnb->rnb_offset;
        start = lnb.lnb_file_offset >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        index = 0;
        LASSERT((lnb.lnb_file_offset & ~PAGE_MASK) == 0);
        lnb.lnb_page_offset = 0;
        do {
                struct cl_page *page;

                lnb.lnb_data = data + (index << PAGE_SHIFT);
                lnb.lnb_len = rnb->rnb_len - (index << PAGE_SHIFT);
                if (lnb.lnb_len > PAGE_SIZE)
                        lnb.lnb_len = PAGE_SIZE;

                vmpage = ll_read_cache_page(mapping, index + start,
                                            ll_dom_read_folio, &lnb);
                if (IS_ERR(vmpage)) {
                        CWARN("%s: cannot fill page %lu for "DFID
                              " with data: rc = %li\n",
                              ll_i2sbi(inode)->ll_fsname, index + start,
                              PFID(lu_object_fid(&obj->co_lu)),
                              PTR_ERR(vmpage));
                        break;
                }
                lock_page(vmpage);
                if (vmpage->mapping == NULL) {
                        unlock_page(vmpage);
                        put_page(vmpage);
                        /* page was truncated */
                        break;
                }
                /* attach VM page to CL page cache */
                page = cl_page_find(env, obj, vmpage->index, vmpage,
                                    CPT_CACHEABLE);
                if (IS_ERR(page)) {
                        ClearPageUptodate(vmpage);
                        unlock_page(vmpage);
                        put_page(vmpage);
                        break;
                }
                SetPageUptodate(vmpage);
                cl_page_put(env, page);
                unlock_page(vmpage);
                put_page(vmpage);
                index++;
        } while (rnb->rnb_len > (index << PAGE_SHIFT));

out_io:
        cl_io_fini(env, io);
        cl_env_put(env, &refcheck);

        EXIT;
}

static int ll_intent_file_open(struct dentry *de, void *lmm, int lmmsize,
                                struct lookup_intent *itp)
{
        struct ll_sb_info *sbi = ll_i2sbi(de->d_inode);
        struct dentry *parent = de->d_parent;
        char *name = NULL;
        int len = 0;
        struct md_op_data *op_data;
        struct ptlrpc_request *req = NULL;
        int rc;
        ENTRY;

        LASSERT(parent != NULL);
        LASSERT(itp->it_flags & MDS_OPEN_BY_FID);

        /* if server supports open-by-fid, or file name is invalid, don't pack
         * name in open request */
        if (OBD_FAIL_CHECK(OBD_FAIL_LLITE_OPEN_BY_NAME) ||
            !(exp_connect_flags(sbi->ll_md_exp) & OBD_CONNECT_OPEN_BY_FID)) {
retry:
                len = de->d_name.len;
                name = kmalloc(len + 1, GFP_NOFS);
                if (!name)
                        RETURN(-ENOMEM);

                /* race here */
                spin_lock(&de->d_lock);
                if (len != de->d_name.len) {
                        spin_unlock(&de->d_lock);
                        kfree(name);
                        goto retry;
                }
                memcpy(name, de->d_name.name, len);
                name[len] = '\0';
                spin_unlock(&de->d_lock);

                if (!lu_name_is_valid_2(name, len)) {
                        kfree(name);
                        RETURN(-ESTALE);
                }
        }

        op_data = ll_prep_md_op_data(NULL, parent->d_inode, de->d_inode,
                                     name, len, 0, LUSTRE_OPC_OPEN, NULL);
        if (IS_ERR(op_data)) {
                kfree(name);
                RETURN(PTR_ERR(op_data));
        }
        op_data->op_data = lmm;
        op_data->op_data_size = lmmsize;

        OBD_FAIL_TIMEOUT(OBD_FAIL_LLITE_OPEN_DELAY, cfs_fail_val);

        rc = md_intent_lock(sbi->ll_md_exp, op_data, itp, &req,
                            &ll_md_blocking_ast, 0);
        kfree(name);
        ll_finish_md_op_data(op_data);
        if (rc == -ESTALE) {
                /* reason for keep own exit path - don`t flood log
                 * with messages with -ESTALE errors.
                 */
                if (!it_disposition(itp, DISP_OPEN_OPEN) ||
                     it_open_error(DISP_OPEN_OPEN, itp))
                        GOTO(out, rc);
                ll_release_openhandle(de, itp);
                GOTO(out, rc);
        }

        if (it_disposition(itp, DISP_LOOKUP_NEG))
                GOTO(out, rc = -ENOENT);

        if (rc != 0 || it_open_error(DISP_OPEN_OPEN, itp)) {
                rc = rc ? rc : it_open_error(DISP_OPEN_OPEN, itp);
                CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE, "lock enqueue: err: %d\n", rc);
                GOTO(out, rc);
        }

        rc = ll_prep_inode(&de->d_inode, &req->rq_pill, NULL, itp);

        if (!rc && itp->it_lock_mode) {
                __u64 bits = 0;

                /* If we got a lock back and it has a LOOKUP bit set,
                 * make sure the dentry is marked as valid so we can find it.
                 * We don't need to care about actual hashing since other bits
                 * of kernel will deal with that later.
                 */
                ll_set_lock_data(sbi->ll_md_exp, de->d_inode, itp, &bits);
                if (bits & MDS_INODELOCK_LOOKUP) {
                        d_lustre_revalidate(de);
                        ll_update_dir_depth(parent->d_inode, de->d_inode);
                }

                /* if DoM bit returned along with LAYOUT bit then there
                 * can be read-on-open data returned.
                 */
                if (bits & MDS_INODELOCK_DOM && bits & MDS_INODELOCK_LAYOUT)
                        ll_dom_finish_open(de->d_inode, req);
        }

out:
        ptlrpc_req_finished(req);
        ll_intent_drop_lock(itp);

        /* We did open by fid, but by the time we got to the server, the object
         * disappeared.  This is possible if the object was unlinked, but it's
         * also possible if the object was unlinked by a rename.  In the case
         * of an object renamed over our existing one, we can't fail this open.
         * O_CREAT also goes through this path if we had an existing dentry,
         * and it's obviously wrong to return ENOENT for O_CREAT.
         *
         * Instead let's return -ESTALE, and the VFS will retry the open with
         * LOOKUP_REVAL, which we catch in ll_revalidate_dentry and fail to
         * revalidate, causing a lookup.  This causes extra lookups in the case
         * where we had a dentry in cache but the file is being unlinked and we
         * lose the race with unlink, but this should be very rare.
         */
        if (rc == -ENOENT)
                rc = -ESTALE;

        RETURN(rc);
}

static int ll_och_fill(struct obd_export *md_exp, struct lookup_intent *it,
                       struct obd_client_handle *och)
{
        struct mdt_body *body;

        body = req_capsule_server_get(&it->it_request->rq_pill, &RMF_MDT_BODY);
        och->och_open_handle = body->mbo_open_handle;
        och->och_fid = body->mbo_fid1;
        och->och_lease_handle.cookie = it->it_lock_handle;
        och->och_magic = OBD_CLIENT_HANDLE_MAGIC;
        och->och_flags = it->it_flags;

        return md_set_open_replay_data(md_exp, och, it);
}

static int ll_local_open(struct file *file, struct lookup_intent *it,
                         struct ll_file_data *fd, struct obd_client_handle *och)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        ENTRY;

        LASSERT(!file->private_data);

        LASSERT(fd != NULL);

        if (och) {
                int rc;

                rc = ll_och_fill(ll_i2sbi(inode)->ll_md_exp, it, och);
                if (rc != 0)
                        RETURN(rc);
        }

        file->private_data = fd;
        ll_readahead_init(inode, &fd->fd_ras);
        fd->fd_omode = it->it_flags & (FMODE_READ | FMODE_WRITE | FMODE_EXEC);

        RETURN(0);
}

void ll_track_file_opens(struct inode *inode)
{
        struct ll_inode_info *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
        struct ll_sb_info *sbi = ll_i2sbi(inode);

        /* do not skew results with delays from never-opened inodes */
        if (ktime_to_ns(lli->lli_close_fd_time))
                ll_stats_ops_tally(sbi, LPROC_LL_INODE_OPCLTM,
                           ktime_us_delta(ktime_get(), lli->lli_close_fd_time));

        if (ktime_after(ktime_get(),
                        ktime_add_ms(lli->lli_close_fd_time,
                                     sbi->ll_oc_max_ms))) {
                lli->lli_open_fd_count = 1;
                lli->lli_close_fd_time = ns_to_ktime(0);
        } else {
                lli->lli_open_fd_count++;
        }

        ll_stats_ops_tally(ll_i2sbi(inode), LPROC_LL_INODE_OCOUNT,
                           lli->lli_open_fd_count);
}

/* Open a file, and (for the very first open) create objects on the OSTs at
 * this time.  If opened with O_LOV_DELAY_CREATE, then we don't do the object
 * creation or open until ll_lov_setstripe() ioctl is called.
 *
 * If we already have the stripe MD locally then we don't request it in
 * md_open(), by passing a lmm_size = 0.
 *
 * It is up to the application to ensure no other processes open this file
 * in the O_LOV_DELAY_CREATE case, or the default striping pattern will be
 * used.  We might be able to avoid races of that sort by getting lli_open_sem
 * before returning in the O_LOV_DELAY_CREATE case and dropping it here
 * or in ll_file_release(), but I'm not sure that is desirable/necessary.
 */
int ll_file_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
        struct ll_inode_info *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
        struct lookup_intent *it, oit = { .it_op = IT_OPEN,
                                          .it_flags = file->f_flags };
        struct obd_client_handle **och_p = NULL;
        __u64 *och_usecount = NULL;
        struct ll_file_data *fd;
        ktime_t kstart = ktime_get();
        int rc = 0;
        ENTRY;

        CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE, "VFS Op:inode="DFID"(%p), flags %o\n",
               PFID(ll_inode2fid(inode)), inode, file->f_flags);

        it = file->private_data; /* XXX: compat macro */
        file->private_data = NULL; /* prevent ll_local_open assertion */

        if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode)) {
                rc = ll_file_open_encrypt(inode, file);
                if (rc) {
                        if (it && it->it_disposition)
                                ll_release_openhandle(file_dentry(file), it);
                        GOTO(out_nofiledata, rc);
                }
        }

        fd = ll_file_data_get();
        if (fd == NULL)
                GOTO(out_nofiledata, rc = -ENOMEM);

        fd->fd_file = file;
        if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
                ll_authorize_statahead(inode, fd);

        ll_track_file_opens(inode);
        if (is_root_inode(inode)) {
                file->private_data = fd;
                RETURN(0);
        }

        if (!it || !it->it_disposition) {
                /* Convert f_flags into access mode. We cannot use file->f_mode,
                 * because everything but O_ACCMODE mask was stripped from
                 * there */
                if ((oit.it_flags + 1) & O_ACCMODE)
                        oit.it_flags++;
                if (file->f_flags & O_TRUNC)
                        oit.it_flags |= FMODE_WRITE;

                /* kernel only call f_op->open in dentry_open.  filp_open calls
                 * dentry_open after call to open_namei that checks permissions.
                 * Only nfsd_open call dentry_open directly without checking
                 * permissions and because of that this code below is safe.
                 */
                if (oit.it_flags & (FMODE_WRITE | FMODE_READ))
                        oit.it_flags |= MDS_OPEN_OWNEROVERRIDE;

                /* We do not want O_EXCL here, presumably we opened the file
                 * already? XXX - NFS implications? */
                oit.it_flags &= ~O_EXCL;

                /* bug20584, if "it_flags" contains O_CREAT, the file will be
                 * created if necessary, then "IT_CREAT" should be set to keep
                 * consistent with it */
                if (oit.it_flags & O_CREAT)
                        oit.it_op |= IT_CREAT;

                it = &oit;
        }

restart:
        /* Let's see if we have file open on MDS already. */
        if (it->it_flags & FMODE_WRITE) {
                och_p = &lli->lli_mds_write_och;
                och_usecount = &lli->lli_open_fd_write_count;
        } else if (it->it_flags & FMODE_EXEC) {
                och_p = &lli->lli_mds_exec_och;
                och_usecount = &lli->lli_open_fd_exec_count;
        } else {
                och_p = &lli->lli_mds_read_och;
                och_usecount = &lli->lli_open_fd_read_count;
        }

        mutex_lock(&lli->lli_och_mutex);
        if (*och_p) { /* Open handle is present */
                if (it_disposition(it, DISP_OPEN_OPEN)) {
                        /* Well, there's extra open request that we do not need,
                         * let's close it somehow. This will decref request. */
                        rc = it_open_error(DISP_OPEN_OPEN, it);
                        if (rc) {
                                mutex_unlock(&lli->lli_och_mutex);
                                GOTO(out_openerr, rc);
                        }

                        ll_release_openhandle(file_dentry(file), it);
                }
                (*och_usecount)++;

                rc = ll_local_open(file, it, fd, NULL);
                if (rc) {
                        (*och_usecount)--;
                        mutex_unlock(&lli->lli_och_mutex);
                        GOTO(out_openerr, rc);
                }
        } else {
                LASSERT(*och_usecount == 0);
                if (!it->it_disposition) {
                        struct dentry *dentry = file_dentry(file);
                        struct ll_sb_info *sbi = ll_i2sbi(inode);
                        int open_threshold = sbi->ll_oc_thrsh_count;

                        /* We cannot just request lock handle now, new ELC code
                         * means that one of other OPEN locks for this file
                         * could be cancelled, and since blocking ast handler
                         * would attempt to grab och_mutex as well, that would
                         * result in a deadlock
                         */
                        mutex_unlock(&lli->lli_och_mutex);
                        /*
                         * Normally called under two situations:
                         * 1. fhandle / NFS export.
                         * 2. A race/condition on MDS resulting in no open
                         *    handle to be returned from LOOKUP|OPEN request,
                         *    for example if the target entry was a symlink.
                         *
                         * For NFSv3 we need to always cache the open lock
                         * for pre 5.5 Linux kernels.
                         *
                         * After reaching number of opens of this inode
                         * we always ask for an open lock on it to handle
                         * bad userspace actors that open and close files
                         * in a loop for absolutely no good reason
                         */
                        /* fhandle / NFS path. */
                        if (lli->lli_open_thrsh_count != UINT_MAX)
                                open_threshold = lli->lli_open_thrsh_count;

                        if (filename_is_volatile(dentry->d_name.name,
                                                 dentry->d_name.len,
                                                 NULL)) {
                                /* There really is nothing here, but this
                                 * make this more readable I think.
                                 * We do not want openlock for volatile
                                 * files under any circumstances
                                 */
                        } else if (open_threshold > 0) {
                                /* Take MDS_OPEN_LOCK with many opens */
                                if (lli->lli_open_fd_count >= open_threshold)
                                        it->it_flags |= MDS_OPEN_LOCK;

                                /* If this is open after we just closed */
                                else if (ktime_before(ktime_get(),
                                            ktime_add_ms(lli->lli_close_fd_time,
                                                         sbi->ll_oc_thrsh_ms)))
                                        it->it_flags |= MDS_OPEN_LOCK;
                        }

                        /*
                         * Always specify MDS_OPEN_BY_FID because we don't want
                         * to get file with different fid.
                         */
                        it->it_flags |= MDS_OPEN_BY_FID;
                        rc = ll_intent_file_open(dentry, NULL, 0, it);
                        if (rc)
                                GOTO(out_openerr, rc);

                        goto restart;
                }
                OBD_ALLOC(*och_p, sizeof(struct obd_client_handle));
                if (!*och_p)
                        GOTO(out_och_free, rc = -ENOMEM);

                (*och_usecount)++;

                /* md_intent_lock() didn't get a request ref if there was an
                 * open error, so don't do cleanup on the request here
                 * (bug 3430) */
                /* XXX (green): Should not we bail out on any error here, not
                 * just open error? */
                rc = it_open_error(DISP_OPEN_OPEN, it);
                if (rc != 0)
                        GOTO(out_och_free, rc);

                LASSERTF(it_disposition(it, DISP_ENQ_OPEN_REF),
                         "inode %p: disposition %x, status %d\n", inode,
                         it_disposition(it, ~0), it->it_status);

                rc = ll_local_open(file, it, fd, *och_p);
                if (rc)
                        GOTO(out_och_free, rc);
        }

        rc = pcc_file_open(inode, file);
        if (rc)
                GOTO(out_och_free, rc);

        mutex_unlock(&lli->lli_och_mutex);

        fd = NULL;

        /* Must do this outside lli_och_mutex lock to prevent deadlock where
           different kind of OPEN lock for this same inode gets cancelled
           by ldlm_cancel_lru */
        if (!S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
                GOTO(out_och_free, rc);
        cl_lov_delay_create_clear(&file->f_flags);
        GOTO(out_och_free, rc);

out_och_free:
        if (rc) {
                if (och_p && *och_p) {
                        OBD_FREE(*och_p, sizeof(struct obd_client_handle));
                        *och_p = NULL; /* OBD_FREE writes some magic there */
                        (*och_usecount)--;
                }
                mutex_unlock(&lli->lli_och_mutex);

out_openerr:
                if (lli->lli_opendir_key == fd)
                        ll_deauthorize_statahead(inode, fd);

                if (fd != NULL)
                        ll_file_data_put(fd);
        } else {
                ll_stats_ops_tally(ll_i2sbi(inode), LPROC_LL_OPEN,
                                   ktime_us_delta(ktime_get(), kstart));
        }

out_nofiledata:
        if (it && it_disposition(it, DISP_ENQ_OPEN_REF)) {
                ptlrpc_req_finished(it->it_request);
                it_clear_disposition(it, DISP_ENQ_OPEN_REF);
        }

        return rc;
}

static int ll_md_blocking_lease_ast(struct ldlm_lock *lock,
                        struct ldlm_lock_desc *desc, void *data, int flag)
{
        int rc;
        struct lustre_handle lockh;
        ENTRY;

        switch (flag) {
        case LDLM_CB_BLOCKING:
                ldlm_lock2handle(lock, &lockh);
                rc = ldlm_cli_cancel(&lockh, LCF_ASYNC);
                if (rc < 0) {
                        CDEBUG(D_INODE, "ldlm_cli_cancel: %d\n", rc);
                        RETURN(rc);
                }
                break;
        case LDLM_CB_CANCELING:
                /* do nothing */
                break;
        }
        RETURN(0);
}

/**
 * When setting a lease on a file, we take ownership of the lli_mds_*_och
 * and save it as fd->fd_och so as to force client to reopen the file even
 * if it has an open lock in cache already.
 */
static int ll_lease_och_acquire(struct inode *inode, struct file *file,
                                struct lustre_handle *old_open_handle)
{
        struct ll_inode_info *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
        struct ll_file_data *fd = file->private_data;
        struct obd_client_handle **och_p;
        __u64 *och_usecount;
        int rc = 0;
        ENTRY;

        /* Get the openhandle of the file */
        mutex_lock(&lli->lli_och_mutex);
        if (fd->fd_lease_och != NULL)
                GOTO(out_unlock, rc = -EBUSY);

        if (fd->fd_och == NULL) {
                if (file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE) {
                        LASSERT(lli->lli_mds_write_och != NULL);
                        och_p = &lli->lli_mds_write_och;
                        och_usecount = &lli->lli_open_fd_write_count;
                } else {
                        LASSERT(lli->lli_mds_read_och != NULL);
                        och_p = &lli->lli_mds_read_och;
                        och_usecount = &lli->lli_open_fd_read_count;
                }

                if (*och_usecount > 1)
                        GOTO(out_unlock, rc = -EBUSY);

                fd->fd_och = *och_p;
                *och_usecount = 0;
                *och_p = NULL;
        }

        *old_open_handle = fd->fd_och->och_open_handle;

        EXIT;
out_unlock:
        mutex_unlock(&lli->lli_och_mutex);
        return rc;
}

/**
 * Release ownership on lli_mds_*_och when putting back a file lease.
 */
static int ll_lease_och_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
        struct ll_inode_info *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
        struct ll_file_data *fd = file->private_data;
        struct obd_client_handle **och_p;
        struct obd_client_handle *old_och = NULL;
        __u64 *och_usecount;
        int rc = 0;
        ENTRY;

        mutex_lock(&lli->lli_och_mutex);
        if (file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE) {
                och_p = &lli->lli_mds_write_och;
                och_usecount = &lli->lli_open_fd_write_count;
        } else {
                och_p = &lli->lli_mds_read_och;
                och_usecount = &lli->lli_open_fd_read_count;
        }

        /* The file may have been open by another process (broken lease) so
         * *och_p is not NULL. In this case we should simply increase usecount
         * and close fd_och.
         */
        if (*och_p != NULL) {
                old_och = fd->fd_och;
                (*och_usecount)++;
        } else {
                *och_p = fd->fd_och;
                *och_usecount = 1;
        }
        fd->fd_och = NULL;
        mutex_unlock(&lli->lli_och_mutex);

        if (old_och != NULL)
                rc = ll_close_inode_openhandle(inode, old_och, 0, NULL);

        RETURN(rc);
}

/**
 * Acquire a lease and open the file.
 */
static struct obd_client_handle *
ll_lease_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file, fmode_t fmode,
              __u64 open_flags)
{
        struct lookup_intent it = { .it_op = IT_OPEN };
        struct ll_sb_info *sbi = ll_i2sbi(inode);
        struct md_op_data *op_data;
        struct ptlrpc_request *req = NULL;
        struct lustre_handle old_open_handle = { 0 };
        struct obd_client_handle *och = NULL;
        int rc;
        int rc2;
        ENTRY;

        if (fmode != FMODE_WRITE && fmode != FMODE_READ)
                RETURN(ERR_PTR(-EINVAL));

        if (file != NULL) {
                if (!(fmode & file->f_mode) || (file->f_mode & FMODE_EXEC))
                        RETURN(ERR_PTR(-EPERM));

                rc = ll_lease_och_acquire(inode, file, &old_open_handle);
                if (rc)
                        RETURN(ERR_PTR(rc));
        }

        OBD_ALLOC_PTR(och);
        if (och == NULL)
                RETURN(ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM));

        op_data = ll_prep_md_op_data(NULL, inode, inode, NULL, 0, 0,
                                        LUSTRE_OPC_ANY, NULL);
        if (IS_ERR(op_data))
                GOTO(out, rc = PTR_ERR(op_data));

        /* To tell the MDT this openhandle is from the same owner */
        op_data->op_open_handle = old_open_handle;

        it.it_flags = fmode | open_flags;
        it.it_flags |= MDS_OPEN_LOCK | MDS_OPEN_BY_FID | MDS_OPEN_LEASE;
        rc = md_intent_lock(sbi->ll_md_exp, op_data, &it, &req,
                            &ll_md_blocking_lease_ast,
        /* LDLM_FL_NO_LRU: To not put the lease lock into LRU list, otherwise
         * it can be cancelled which may mislead applications that the lease is
         * broken;
         * LDLM_FL_EXCL: Set this flag so that it won't be matched by normal
         * open in ll_md_blocking_ast(). Otherwise as ll_md_blocking_lease_ast
         * doesn't deal with openhandle, so normal openhandle will be leaked. */
                            LDLM_FL_NO_LRU | LDLM_FL_EXCL);
        ll_finish_md_op_data(op_data);
        ptlrpc_req_finished(req);
        if (rc < 0)
                GOTO(out_release_it, rc);

        if (it_disposition(&it, DISP_LOOKUP_NEG))
                GOTO(out_release_it, rc = -ENOENT);

        rc = it_open_error(DISP_OPEN_OPEN, &it);
        if (rc)
                GOTO(out_release_it, rc);

        LASSERT(it_disposition(&it, DISP_ENQ_OPEN_REF));
        rc = ll_och_fill(sbi->ll_md_exp, &it, och);
        if (rc)
                GOTO(out_release_it, rc);

        if (!it_disposition(&it, DISP_OPEN_LEASE)) /* old server? */
                GOTO(out_close, rc = -EOPNOTSUPP);

        /* already get lease, handle lease lock */
        ll_set_lock_data(sbi->ll_md_exp, inode, &it, NULL);
        if (!it.it_lock_mode ||
            !(it.it_lock_bits & MDS_INODELOCK_OPEN)) {
                /* open lock must return for lease */
                CERROR(DFID "lease granted but no open lock, %d/%llu.\n",
                        PFID(ll_inode2fid(inode)), it.it_lock_mode,
                        it.it_lock_bits);
                GOTO(out_close, rc = -EPROTO);
        }

        ll_intent_release(&it);
        RETURN(och);

out_close:
        /* Cancel open lock */
        if (it.it_lock_mode != 0) {
                ldlm_lock_decref_and_cancel(&och->och_lease_handle,
                                            it.it_lock_mode);
                it.it_lock_mode = 0;
                och->och_lease_handle.cookie = 0ULL;
        }
        rc2 = ll_close_inode_openhandle(inode, och, 0, NULL);
        if (rc2 < 0)
                CERROR("%s: error closing file "DFID": %d\n",
                       sbi->ll_fsname, PFID(&ll_i2info(inode)->lli_fid), rc2);
        och = NULL; /* och has been freed in ll_close_inode_openhandle() */
out_release_it:
        ll_intent_release(&it);
out:
        if (och != NULL)
                OBD_FREE_PTR(och);
        RETURN(ERR_PTR(rc));
}

/**
 * Check whether a layout swap can be done between two inodes.
 *
 * \param[in] inode1  First inode to check
 * \param[in] inode2  Second inode to check
 *
 * \retval 0 on success, layout swap can be performed between both inodes
 * \retval negative error code if requirements are not met
 */
static int ll_check_swap_layouts_validity(struct inode *inode1,
                                          struct inode *inode2)
{
        if (!S_ISREG(inode1->i_mode) || !S_ISREG(inode2->i_mode))
                return -EINVAL;

        if (inode_permission(&init_user_ns, inode1, MAY_WRITE) ||
            inode_permission(&init_user_ns, inode2, MAY_WRITE))
                return -EPERM;

        if (inode1->i_sb != inode2->i_sb)
                return -EXDEV;

        return 0;
}

static int ll_swap_layouts_close(struct obd_client_handle *och,
                                 struct inode *inode, struct inode *inode2)
{
        const struct lu_fid     *fid1 = ll_inode2fid(inode);
        const struct lu_fid     *fid2;
        int                      rc;
        ENTRY;

        CDEBUG(D_INODE, "%s: biased close of file "DFID"\n",
               ll_i2sbi(inode)->ll_fsname, PFID(fid1));

        rc = ll_check_swap_layouts_validity(inode, inode2);
        if (rc < 0)
                GOTO(out_free_och, rc);

        /* We now know that inode2 is a lustre inode */
        fid2 = ll_inode2fid(inode2);

        rc = lu_fid_cmp(fid1, fid2);
        if (rc == 0)
                GOTO(out_free_och, rc = -EINVAL);

        /* Close the file and {swap,merge} layouts between inode & inode2.
         * NB: lease lock handle is released in mdc_close_layout_swap_pack()
         * because we still need it to pack l_remote_handle to MDT. */
        rc = ll_close_inode_openhandle(inode, och, MDS_CLOSE_LAYOUT_SWAP,
                                       inode2);

        och = NULL; /* freed in ll_close_inode_openhandle() */

out_free_och:
        if (och != NULL)
                OBD_FREE_PTR(och);

        RETURN(rc);
}

/**
 * Release lease and close the file.
 * It will check if the lease has ever broken.
 */
static int ll_lease_close_intent(struct obd_client_handle *och,
                                 struct inode *inode,
                                 bool *lease_broken, enum mds_op_bias bias,
                                 void *data)
{
        struct ldlm_lock *lock;
        bool cancelled = true;
        int rc;
        ENTRY;

        lock = ldlm_handle2lock(&och->och_lease_handle);
        if (lock != NULL) {
                lock_res_and_lock(lock);
                cancelled = ldlm_is_cancel(lock);
                unlock_res_and_lock(lock);
                LDLM_LOCK_PUT(lock);
        }

        CDEBUG(D_INODE, "lease for "DFID" broken? %d, bias: %x\n",
               PFID(&ll_i2info(inode)->lli_fid), cancelled, bias);

        if (lease_broken != NULL)
                *lease_broken = cancelled;

        if (!cancelled && !bias)
                ldlm_cli_cancel(&och->och_lease_handle, 0);

        if (cancelled) { /* no need to excute intent */
                bias = 0;
                data = NULL;
        }

        rc = ll_close_inode_openhandle(inode, och, bias, data);
        RETURN(rc);
}

static int ll_lease_close(struct obd_client_handle *och, struct inode *inode,
                          bool *lease_broken)
{
        return ll_lease_close_intent(och, inode, lease_broken, 0, NULL);
}

/**
 * After lease is taken, send the RPC MDS_REINT_RESYNC to the MDT
 */
static int ll_lease_file_resync(struct obd_client_handle *och,
                                struct inode *inode, void __user *uarg)
{
        struct ll_sb_info *sbi = ll_i2sbi(inode);
        struct md_op_data *op_data;
        struct ll_ioc_lease_id ioc;
        __u64 data_version_unused;
        int rc;
        ENTRY;

        op_data = ll_prep_md_op_data(NULL, inode, NULL, NULL, 0, 0,
                                     LUSTRE_OPC_ANY, NULL);
        if (IS_ERR(op_data))
                RETURN(PTR_ERR(op_data));

        if (copy_from_user(&ioc, uarg, sizeof(ioc)))
                RETURN(-EFAULT);

        /* before starting file resync, it's necessary to clean up page cache
         * in client memory, otherwise once the layout version is increased,
         * writing back cached data will be denied the OSTs. */
        rc = ll_data_version(inode, &data_version_unused, LL_DV_WR_FLUSH);
        if (rc)
                GOTO(out, rc);

        op_data->op_lease_handle = och->och_lease_handle;
        op_data->op_mirror_id = ioc.lil_mirror_id;
        rc = md_file_resync(sbi->ll_md_exp, op_data);
        if (rc)
                GOTO(out, rc);

        EXIT;
out:
        ll_finish_md_op_data(op_data);
        return rc;
}

static int ll_merge_attr_nolock(const struct lu_env *env, struct inode *inode)
{
        struct ll_inode_info *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
        struct cl_object *obj = lli->lli_clob;
        struct cl_attr *attr = vvp_env_thread_attr(env);
        s64 atime;
        s64 mtime;
        s64 ctime;
        int rc = 0;

        ENTRY;

        /* Merge timestamps the most recently obtained from MDS with
         * timestamps obtained from OSTs.
         *
         * Do not overwrite atime of inode because it may be refreshed
         * by file_accessed() function. If the read was served by cache
         * data, there is no RPC to be sent so that atime may not be
         * transferred to OSTs at all. MDT only updates atime at close time
         * if it's at least 'mdd.*.atime_diff' older.
         * All in all, the atime in Lustre does not strictly comply with
         * POSIX. Solving this problem needs to send an RPC to MDT for each
         * read, this will hurt performance.
         */
        if (test_and_clear_bit(LLIF_UPDATE_ATIME, &lli->lli_flags) ||
            inode->i_atime.tv_sec < lli->lli_atime)
                inode->i_atime.tv_sec = lli->lli_atime;

        inode->i_mtime.tv_sec = lli->lli_mtime;
        inode->i_ctime.tv_sec = lli->lli_ctime;

        mtime = inode->i_mtime.tv_sec;
        atime = inode->i_atime.tv_sec;
        ctime = inode->i_ctime.tv_sec;

        cl_object_attr_lock(obj);
        if (OBD_FAIL_CHECK(OBD_FAIL_MDC_MERGE))
                rc = -EINVAL;
        else
                rc = cl_object_attr_get(env, obj, attr);
        cl_object_attr_unlock(obj);

        if (rc != 0)
                GOTO(out, rc = (rc == -ENODATA ? 0 : rc));

        if (atime < attr->cat_atime)
                atime = attr->cat_atime;

        if (ctime < attr->cat_ctime)
                ctime = attr->cat_ctime;

        if (mtime < attr->cat_mtime)
                mtime = attr->cat_mtime;

        CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE, DFID" updating i_size %llu i_blocks %llu\n",
               PFID(&lli->lli_fid), attr->cat_size, attr->cat_blocks);

        if (llcrypt_require_key(inode) == -ENOKEY) {
                /* Without the key, round up encrypted file size to next
                 * LUSTRE_ENCRYPTION_UNIT_SIZE. Clear text size is put in
                 * lli_lazysize for proper file size setting at close time.
                 */
                lli->lli_attr_valid |= OBD_MD_FLLAZYSIZE;
                lli->lli_lazysize = attr->cat_size;
                attr->cat_size = round_up(attr->cat_size,
                                          LUSTRE_ENCRYPTION_UNIT_SIZE);
        }
        i_size_write(inode, attr->cat_size);
        inode->i_blocks = attr->cat_blocks;

        inode->i_mtime.tv_sec = mtime;
        inode->i_atime.tv_sec = atime;
        inode->i_ctime.tv_sec = ctime;

        EXIT;
out:
        return rc;
}

int ll_merge_attr(const struct lu_env *env, struct inode *inode)
{
        int rc;

        ll_inode_size_lock(inode);
        rc = ll_merge_attr_nolock(env, inode);
        ll_inode_size_unlock(inode);

        return rc;
}

/* Use to update size and blocks on inode for LSOM if there is no contention */
int ll_merge_attr_try(const struct lu_env *env, struct inode *inode)
{
        int rc = 0;

        if (ll_inode_size_trylock(inode)) {
                rc = ll_merge_attr_nolock(env, inode);
                ll_inode_size_unlock(inode);
        }

        return rc;
}

/**
 * Set designated mirror for I/O.
 *
 * So far only read, write, and truncated can support to issue I/O to
 * designated mirror.
 */
void ll_io_set_mirror(struct cl_io *io, const struct file *file)
{
        struct ll_file_data *fd = file->private_data;

        /* clear layout version for generic(non-resync) I/O in case it carries
         * stale layout version due to I/O restart */
        io->ci_layout_version = 0;

        /* FLR: disable non-delay for designated mirror I/O because obviously
         * only one mirror is available */
        if (fd->fd_designated_mirror > 0) {
                io->ci_ndelay = 0;
                io->ci_designated_mirror = fd->fd_designated_mirror;
                io->ci_layout_version = fd->fd_layout_version;
        }

        CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE, "%s: desiginated mirror: %d\n",
               file->f_path.dentry->d_name.name, io->ci_designated_mirror);
}

/*
 * This is relatime_need_update() from Linux 5.17, which is not exported.
 */
static int relatime_need_update(struct vfsmount *mnt, struct inode *inode,
                                struct timespec64 now)
{

        if (!(mnt->mnt_flags & MNT_RELATIME))
                return 1;
        /*
         * Is mtime younger than atime? If yes, update atime:
         */
        if (timespec64_compare(&inode->i_mtime, &inode->i_atime) >= 0)
                return 1;
        /*
         * Is ctime younger than atime? If yes, update atime:
         */
        if (timespec64_compare(&inode->i_ctime, &inode->i_atime) >= 0)
                return 1;

        /*
         * Is the previous atime value older than a day? If yes,
         * update atime:
         */
        if ((long)(now.tv_sec - inode->i_atime.tv_sec) >= 24*60*60)
                return 1;
        /*
         * Good, we can skip the atime update:
         */
        return 0;
}

/*
 * Very similar to kernel function: !__atime_needs_update()
 */
static bool file_is_noatime(const struct file *file)
{
        struct vfsmount *mnt = file->f_path.mnt;
        struct inode *inode = file_inode((struct file *)file);
        struct timespec64 now;

        if (file->f_flags & O_NOATIME)
                return true;

        if (inode->i_flags & S_NOATIME)
                return true;

        if (IS_NOATIME(inode))
                return true;

        if (mnt->mnt_flags & (MNT_NOATIME | MNT_READONLY))
                return true;

        if ((mnt->mnt_flags & MNT_NODIRATIME) && S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
                return true;

        if ((inode->i_sb->s_flags & SB_NODIRATIME) && S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
                return true;

        now = current_time(inode);

        if (!relatime_need_update(mnt, inode, now))
                return true;

        return false;
}

void ll_io_init(struct cl_io *io, struct file *file, enum cl_io_type iot,
                struct vvp_io_args *args)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        struct ll_file_data *fd  = file->private_data;

        io->u.ci_rw.crw_nonblock = file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK;
        io->ci_lock_no_expand = fd->ll_lock_no_expand;

        if (iot == CIT_WRITE) {
                io->u.ci_wr.wr_append = !!(file->f_flags & O_APPEND);
                io->u.ci_wr.wr_sync   = !!(file->f_flags & O_SYNC ||
                                           file->f_flags & O_DIRECT ||
                                           IS_SYNC(inode));
#ifdef HAVE_GENERIC_WRITE_SYNC_2ARGS
                io->u.ci_wr.wr_sync  |= !!(args &&
                                           (args->u.normal.via_iocb->ki_flags &
                                            IOCB_DSYNC));
#endif
        }

#ifdef IOCB_NOWAIT
        io->ci_iocb_nowait = !!(args &&
                                (args->u.normal.via_iocb->ki_flags &
                                 IOCB_NOWAIT));
#endif

        io->ci_obj = ll_i2info(inode)->lli_clob;
        io->ci_lockreq = CILR_MAYBE;
        if (ll_file_nolock(file)) {
                io->ci_lockreq = CILR_NEVER;
                io->ci_no_srvlock = 1;
        } else if (file->f_flags & O_APPEND) {
                io->ci_lockreq = CILR_MANDATORY;
        }
        io->ci_noatime = file_is_noatime(file);
        io->ci_async_readahead = false;

        /* FLR: only use non-delay I/O for read as there is only one
         * avaliable mirror for write. */
        io->ci_ndelay = !(iot == CIT_WRITE);

        ll_io_set_mirror(io, file);
}

static void ll_heat_add(struct inode *inode, enum cl_io_type iot,
                        __u64 count)
{
        struct ll_inode_info *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
        struct ll_sb_info *sbi = ll_i2sbi(inode);
        enum obd_heat_type sample_type;
        enum obd_heat_type iobyte_type;
        __u64 now = ktime_get_real_seconds();

        if (!ll_sbi_has_file_heat(sbi) ||
            lli->lli_heat_flags & LU_HEAT_FLAG_OFF)
                return;

        if (iot == CIT_READ) {
                sample_type = OBD_HEAT_READSAMPLE;
                iobyte_type = OBD_HEAT_READBYTE;
        } else if (iot == CIT_WRITE) {
                sample_type = OBD_HEAT_WRITESAMPLE;
                iobyte_type = OBD_HEAT_WRITEBYTE;
        } else {
                return;
        }

        spin_lock(&lli->lli_heat_lock);
        obd_heat_add(&lli->lli_heat_instances[sample_type], now, 1,
                     sbi->ll_heat_decay_weight, sbi->ll_heat_period_second);
        obd_heat_add(&lli->lli_heat_instances[iobyte_type], now, count,
                     sbi->ll_heat_decay_weight, sbi->ll_heat_period_second);
        spin_unlock(&lli->lli_heat_lock);
}

static ssize_t
ll_file_io_generic(const struct lu_env *env, struct vvp_io_args *args,
                   struct file *file, enum cl_io_type iot,
                   loff_t *ppos, size_t count)
{
        struct vvp_io *vio = vvp_env_io(env);
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        struct ll_inode_info *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
        struct ll_sb_info *sbi = ll_i2sbi(inode);
        struct ll_file_data *fd  = file->private_data;
        struct range_lock range;
        bool range_locked = false;
        struct cl_io *io;
        ssize_t result = 0;
        int rc = 0;
        int rc2 = 0;
        int retries = 1000;
        unsigned int retried = 0, dio_lock = 0;
        bool is_aio = false;
        bool is_parallel_dio = false;
        struct cl_dio_aio *ci_dio_aio = NULL;
        size_t per_bytes;
        bool partial_io = false;
        size_t max_io_pages, max_cached_pages;

        ENTRY;

        CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE, "%s: %s ppos: %llu, count: %zu\n",
                file_dentry(file)->d_name.name,
                iot == CIT_READ ? "read" : "write", *ppos, count);

        max_io_pages = PTLRPC_MAX_BRW_PAGES * OBD_MAX_RIF_DEFAULT;
        max_cached_pages = sbi->ll_cache->ccc_lru_max;
        if (max_io_pages > (max_cached_pages >> 2))
                max_io_pages = max_cached_pages >> 2;

        io = vvp_env_thread_io(env);
        if (file->f_flags & O_DIRECT) {
                if (file->f_flags & O_APPEND)
                        dio_lock = 1;
                if (!is_sync_kiocb(args->u.normal.via_iocb))
                        is_aio = true;

                /* the kernel does not support AIO on pipes, and parallel DIO
                 * uses part of the AIO path, so we must not do parallel dio
                 * to pipes
                 */
                is_parallel_dio = !iov_iter_is_pipe(args->u.normal.via_iter) &&
                               !is_aio;

                if (!ll_sbi_has_parallel_dio(sbi))
                        is_parallel_dio = false;

                ci_dio_aio = cl_dio_aio_alloc(args->u.normal.via_iocb,
                                          ll_i2info(inode)->lli_clob, is_aio);
                if (!ci_dio_aio)
                        GOTO(out, rc = -ENOMEM);
        }

restart:
        /**
         * IO block size need be aware of cached page limit, otherwise
         * if we have small max_cached_mb but large block IO issued, io
         * could not be finished and blocked whole client.
         */
        if (file->f_flags & O_DIRECT)
                per_bytes = count;
        else
                per_bytes = min(max_io_pages << PAGE_SHIFT, count);
        partial_io = per_bytes < count;
        io = vvp_env_thread_io(env);
        ll_io_init(io, file, iot, args);
        io->ci_dio_aio = ci_dio_aio;
        io->ci_dio_lock = dio_lock;
        io->ci_ndelay_tried = retried;
        io->ci_parallel_dio = is_parallel_dio;

        if (cl_io_rw_init(env, io, iot, *ppos, per_bytes) == 0) {
                if (file->f_flags & O_APPEND)
                        range_lock_init(&range, 0, LUSTRE_EOF);
                else
                        range_lock_init(&range, *ppos, *ppos + per_bytes - 1);

                vio->vui_fd  = file->private_data;
                vio->vui_iter = args->u.normal.via_iter;
                vio->vui_iocb = args->u.normal.via_iocb;
                /* Direct IO reads must also take range lock,
                 * or multiple reads will try to work on the same pages
                 * See LU-6227 for details.
                 */
                if (((iot == CIT_WRITE) ||
                    (iot == CIT_READ && (file->f_flags & O_DIRECT))) &&
                    !(vio->vui_fd->fd_flags & LL_FILE_GROUP_LOCKED)) {
                        CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE, "Range lock "RL_FMT"\n",
                               RL_PARA(&range));
                        rc = range_lock(&lli->lli_write_tree, &range);
                        if (rc < 0)
                                GOTO(out, rc);

                        range_locked = true;
                }

                ll_cl_add(inode, env, io, LCC_RW);
                rc = cl_io_loop(env, io);
                ll_cl_remove(inode, env);
        } else {
                /* cl_io_rw_init() handled IO */
                rc = io->ci_result;
        }

        if (io->ci_dio_aio && !is_aio) {
                struct cl_sync_io *anchor = &io->ci_dio_aio->cda_sync;

                /* for dio, EIOCBQUEUED is an implementation detail,
                 * and we don't return it to userspace
                 */
                if (rc == -EIOCBQUEUED)
                        rc = 0;

                /* N/B: parallel DIO may be disabled during i/o submission;
                 * if that occurs, I/O shifts to sync, so it's all resolved
                 * before we get here, and this wait call completes
                 * immediately.
                 */
                rc2 = cl_sync_io_wait_recycle(env, anchor, 0, 0);
                if (rc2 < 0)
                        rc = rc2;
        }

        if (range_locked) {
                CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE, "Range unlock "RL_FMT"\n",
                       RL_PARA(&range));
                range_unlock(&lli->lli_write_tree, &range);
                        range_locked = false;
        }

        /*
         * In order to move forward AIO, ci_nob was increased,
         * but that doesn't mean io have been finished, it just
         * means io have been submited, we will always return
         * EIOCBQUEUED to the caller, So we could only return
         * number of bytes in non-AIO case.
         */
        if (io->ci_nob > 0) {
                if (!is_aio) {
                        if (rc2 == 0) {
                                result += io->ci_nob;
                                *ppos = io->u.ci_wr.wr.crw_pos; /* for splice */
                        } else if (rc2) {
                                result = 0;
                        }
                }
                count -= io->ci_nob;

                /* prepare IO restart */
                if (count > 0)
                        args->u.normal.via_iter = vio->vui_iter;

                if (partial_io) {
                        /**
                         * Reexpand iov count because it was zero
                         * after IO finish.
                         */
                        iov_iter_reexpand(vio->vui_iter, count);
                        if (per_bytes == io->ci_nob)
                                io->ci_need_restart = 1;
                }
        }
out:
        cl_io_fini(env, io);

        CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE,
               "%s: %d io complete with rc: %d, result: %zd, restart: %d\n",
               file->f_path.dentry->d_name.name,
               iot, rc, result, io->ci_need_restart);

        if ((!rc || rc == -ENODATA || rc == -ENOLCK || rc == -EIOCBQUEUED) &&
            count > 0 && io->ci_need_restart && retries-- > 0) {
                CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE,
                       "%s: restart %s from ppos=%lld count=%zu retries=%u ret=%zd: rc = %d\n",
                       file_dentry(file)->d_name.name,
                       iot == CIT_READ ? "read" : "write",
                       *ppos, count, retries, result, rc);
                /* preserve the tried count for FLR */
                retried = io->ci_ndelay_tried;
                dio_lock = io->ci_dio_lock;
                goto restart;
        }

        if (io->ci_dio_aio) {
                /*
                 * VFS will call aio_complete() if no -EIOCBQUEUED
                 * is returned for AIO, so we can not call aio_complete()
                 * in our end_io().
                 *
                 * NB: This is safe because the atomic_dec_and_lock  in
                 * cl_sync_io_init has implicit memory barriers, so this will
                 * be seen by whichever thread completes the DIO/AIO, even if
                 * it's not this one
                 */
                if (rc != -EIOCBQUEUED)
                        io->ci_dio_aio->cda_no_aio_complete = 1;
                /**
                 * Drop one extra reference so that end_io() could be
                 * called for this IO context, we could call it after
                 * we make sure all AIO requests have been proceed.
                 */
                cl_sync_io_note(env, &io->ci_dio_aio->cda_sync,
                                rc == -EIOCBQUEUED ? 0 : rc);
                if (!is_aio) {
                        LASSERT(io->ci_dio_aio->cda_creator_free);
                        cl_dio_aio_free(env, io->ci_dio_aio);
                        io->ci_dio_aio = NULL;
                }
        }

        if (iot == CIT_READ) {
                if (result > 0)
                        ll_stats_ops_tally(ll_i2sbi(inode),
                                           LPROC_LL_READ_BYTES, result);
        } else if (iot == CIT_WRITE) {
                if (result > 0) {
                        ll_stats_ops_tally(ll_i2sbi(inode),
                                           LPROC_LL_WRITE_BYTES, result);
                        fd->fd_write_failed = false;
                } else if (result == 0 && rc == 0) {
                        rc = io->ci_result;
                        if (rc < 0)
                                fd->fd_write_failed = true;
                        else
                                fd->fd_write_failed = false;
                } else if (rc != -ERESTARTSYS) {
                        fd->fd_write_failed = true;
                }
        }

        CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE, "iot: %d, result: %zd\n", iot, result);
        if (result > 0)
                ll_heat_add(inode, iot, result);

        RETURN(result > 0 ? result : rc);
}

/**
 * The purpose of fast read is to overcome per I/O overhead and improve IOPS
 * especially for small I/O.
 *
 * To serve a read request, CLIO has to create and initialize a cl_io and
 * then request DLM lock. This has turned out to have siginificant overhead
 * and affects the performance of small I/O dramatically.
 *
 * It's not necessary to create a cl_io for each I/O. Under the help of read
 * ahead, most of the pages being read are already in memory cache and we can
 * read those pages directly because if the pages exist, the corresponding DLM
 * lock must exist so that page content must be valid.
 *
 * In fast read implementation, the llite speculatively finds and reads pages
 * in memory cache. There are three scenarios for fast read:
 *   - If the page exists and is uptodate, kernel VM will provide the data and
 *     CLIO won't be intervened;
 *   - If the page was brought into memory by read ahead, it will be exported
 *     and read ahead parameters will be updated;
 *   - Otherwise the page is not in memory, we can't do fast read. Therefore,
 *     it will go back and invoke normal read, i.e., a cl_io will be created
 *     and DLM lock will be requested.
 *
 * POSIX compliance: posix standard states that read is intended to be atomic.
 * Lustre read implementation is in line with Linux kernel read implementation
 * and neither of them complies with POSIX standard in this matter. Fast read
 * doesn't make the situation worse on single node but it may interleave write
 * results from multiple nodes due to short read handling in ll_file_aio_read().
 *
 * \param env - lu_env
 * \param iocb - kiocb from kernel
 * \param iter - user space buffers where the data will be copied
 *
 * \retval - number of bytes have been read, or error code if error occurred.
 */
static ssize_t
ll_do_fast_read(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter)
{
        ssize_t result;

        if (!ll_sbi_has_fast_read(ll_i2sbi(file_inode(iocb->ki_filp))))
                return 0;

        /* NB: we can't do direct IO for fast read because it will need a lock
         * to make IO engine happy. */
        if (iocb->ki_filp->f_flags & O_DIRECT)
                return 0;

        result = generic_file_read_iter(iocb, iter);

        /* If the first page is not in cache, generic_file_aio_read() will be
         * returned with -ENODATA.
         * See corresponding code in ll_readpage(). */
        if (result == -ENODATA)
                result = 0;

        if (result > 0) {
                ll_heat_add(file_inode(iocb->ki_filp), CIT_READ, result);
                ll_stats_ops_tally(ll_i2sbi(file_inode(iocb->ki_filp)),
                                   LPROC_LL_READ_BYTES, result);
        }

        return result;
}

/**
 * Confine read iter lest read beyond the EOF
 *
 * \param iocb [in]     kernel iocb
 * \param to [in]       reader iov_iter
 *
 * \retval <0   failure
 * \retval 0    success
 * \retval >0   @iocb->ki_pos has passed the EOF
 */
static int file_read_confine_iter(struct lu_env *env, struct kiocb *iocb,
                                  struct iov_iter *to)
{
        struct cl_attr *attr = vvp_env_thread_attr(env);
        struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        struct ll_inode_info *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
        loff_t read_end = iocb->ki_pos + iov_iter_count(to);
        loff_t kms;
        loff_t size;
        int rc;

        cl_object_attr_lock(lli->lli_clob);
        rc = cl_object_attr_get(env, lli->lli_clob, attr);
        cl_object_attr_unlock(lli->lli_clob);
        if (rc != 0)
                return rc;

        kms = attr->cat_kms;
        /* if read beyond end-of-file, adjust read count */
        if (kms > 0 && (iocb->ki_pos >= kms || read_end > kms)) {
                rc = ll_glimpse_size(inode);
                if (rc != 0)
                        return rc;

                size = i_size_read(inode);
                if (iocb->ki_pos >= size || read_end > size) {
                        CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE,
                               "%s: read [%llu, %llu] over eof, kms %llu, file_size %llu.\n",
                               file_dentry(file)->d_name.name,
                               iocb->ki_pos, read_end, kms, size);

                        if (iocb->ki_pos >= size)
                                return 1;

                        if (read_end > size)
                                iov_iter_truncate(to, size - iocb->ki_pos);
                }
        }

        return rc;
}

/*
 * Read from a file (through the page cache).
 */
static ssize_t ll_file_read_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *to)
{
        struct lu_env *env;
        struct vvp_io_args *args;
        struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
        ssize_t result;
        ssize_t rc2;
        __u16 refcheck;
        ktime_t kstart = ktime_get();
        bool cached;
        bool stale_data = false;

        ENTRY;

        CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE|D_IOTRACE, "file %s:"DFID", ppos: %lld, count: %zu\n",
               file_dentry(file)->d_name.name,
               PFID(ll_inode2fid(file_inode(file))), iocb->ki_pos,
               iov_iter_count(to));

        if (!iov_iter_count(to))
                RETURN(0);

        env = cl_env_get(&refcheck);
        if (IS_ERR(env))
                RETURN(PTR_ERR(env));

        result = file_read_confine_iter(env, iocb, to);
        if (result < 0)
                GOTO(out, result);
        else if (result > 0)
                stale_data = true;

        /**
         * Currently when PCC read failed, we do not fall back to the
         * normal read path, just return the error.
         * The resaon is that: for RW-PCC, the file data may be modified
         * in the PCC and inconsistent with the data on OSTs (or file
         * data has been removed from the Lustre file system), at this
         * time, fallback to the normal read path may read the wrong
         * data.
         * TODO: for RO-PCC (readonly PCC), fall back to normal read
         * path: read data from data copy on OSTs.
         */
        result = pcc_file_read_iter(iocb, to, &cached);
        if (cached)
                GOTO(out, result);

        ll_ras_enter(file, iocb->ki_pos, iov_iter_count(to));

        result = ll_do_fast_read(iocb, to);
        if (result < 0 || iov_iter_count(to) == 0)
                GOTO(out, result);

        args = ll_env_args(env);
        args->u.normal.via_iter = to;
        args->u.normal.via_iocb = iocb;

        rc2 = ll_file_io_generic(env, args, file, CIT_READ,
                                 &iocb->ki_pos, iov_iter_count(to));
        if (rc2 > 0)
                result += rc2;
        else if (result == 0)
                result = rc2;

out:
        cl_env_put(env, &refcheck);

        if (stale_data && result > 0) {
                /**
                 * we've reached EOF before the read, the data read are cached
                 * stale data.
                 */
                iov_iter_truncate(to, 0);
                result = 0;
        }

        if (result > 0) {
                ll_rw_stats_tally(ll_i2sbi(file_inode(file)), current->pid,
                                  file->private_data, iocb->ki_pos, result,
                                  READ);
                ll_stats_ops_tally(ll_i2sbi(file_inode(file)), LPROC_LL_READ,
                                   ktime_us_delta(ktime_get(), kstart));
        }

        CDEBUG(D_IOTRACE,
               "COMPLETED: file %s:"DFID", ppos: %lld, count: %zu\n",
               file_dentry(file)->d_name.name,
               PFID(ll_inode2fid(file_inode(file))), iocb->ki_pos,
               iov_iter_count(to));

        RETURN(result);
}

/**
 * Similar trick to ll_do_fast_read, this improves write speed for tiny writes.
 * If a page is already in the page cache and dirty (and some other things -
 * See ll_tiny_write_begin for the instantiation of these rules), then we can
 * write to it without doing a full I/O, because Lustre already knows about it
 * and will write it out.  This saves a lot of processing time.
 *
 * All writes here are within one page, so exclusion is handled by the page
 * lock on the vm page.  We do not do tiny writes for writes which touch
 * multiple pages because it's very unlikely multiple sequential pages are
 * are already dirty.
 *
 * We limit these to < PAGE_SIZE because PAGE_SIZE writes are relatively common
 * and are unlikely to be to already dirty pages.
 *
 * Attribute updates are important here, we do them in ll_tiny_write_end.
 */
static ssize_t ll_do_tiny_write(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter)
{
        ssize_t count = iov_iter_count(iter);
        struct  file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
        struct  inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        bool    lock_inode = !IS_NOSEC(inode);
        ssize_t result = 0;

        ENTRY;

        /* Restrict writes to single page and < PAGE_SIZE.  See comment at top
         * of function for why.
         */
        if (count >= PAGE_SIZE ||
            (iocb->ki_pos & (PAGE_SIZE-1)) + count > PAGE_SIZE)
                RETURN(0);

        if (unlikely(lock_inode))
                inode_lock(inode);
        result = __generic_file_write_iter(iocb, iter);

        if (unlikely(lock_inode))
                inode_unlock(inode);

        /* If the page is not already dirty, ll_tiny_write_begin returns
         * -ENODATA.  We continue on to normal write.
         */
        if (result == -ENODATA)
                result = 0;

        if (result > 0) {
                ll_heat_add(inode, CIT_WRITE, result);
                set_bit(LLIF_DATA_MODIFIED, &ll_i2info(inode)->lli_flags);
        }

        CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE, "result: %zu, original count %zu\n", result, count);

        RETURN(result);
}

/*
 * Write to a file (through the page cache).
 */
static ssize_t ll_file_write_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from)
{
        struct vvp_io_args *args;
        struct lu_env *env;
        ssize_t rc_tiny = 0, rc_normal;
        struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
        __u16 refcheck;
        bool cached;
        ktime_t kstart = ktime_get();
        int result;

        ENTRY;

        CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE|D_IOTRACE, "file %s:"DFID", ppos: %lld, count: %zu\n",
               file_dentry(file)->d_name.name,
               PFID(ll_inode2fid(file_inode(file))), iocb->ki_pos,
               iov_iter_count(from));

        if (!iov_iter_count(from))
                GOTO(out, rc_normal = 0);

        /**
         * When PCC write failed, we usually do not fall back to the normal
         * write path, just return the error. But there is a special case when
         * returned error code is -ENOSPC due to running out of space on PCC HSM
         * bakcend. At this time, it will fall back to normal I/O path and
         * retry the I/O. As the file is in HSM released state, it will restore
         * the file data to OSTs first and redo the write again. And the
         * restore process will revoke the layout lock and detach the file
         * from PCC cache automatically.
         */
        result = pcc_file_write_iter(iocb, from, &cached);
        if (cached && result != -ENOSPC && result != -EDQUOT)
                GOTO(out, rc_normal = result);

        /* NB: we can't do direct IO for tiny writes because they use the page
         * cache, we can't do sync writes because tiny writes can't flush
         * pages, and we can't do append writes because we can't guarantee the
         * required DLM locks are held to protect file size.
         */
        if (ll_sbi_has_tiny_write(ll_i2sbi(file_inode(file))) &&
            !(file->f_flags & (O_DIRECT | O_SYNC | O_APPEND)))
                rc_tiny = ll_do_tiny_write(iocb, from);

        /* In case of error, go on and try normal write - Only stop if tiny
         * write completed I/O.
         */
        if (iov_iter_count(from) == 0)
                GOTO(out, rc_normal = rc_tiny);

        env = cl_env_get(&refcheck);
        if (IS_ERR(env))
                RETURN(PTR_ERR(env));

        args = ll_env_args(env);
        args->u.normal.via_iter = from;
        args->u.normal.via_iocb = iocb;

        rc_normal = ll_file_io_generic(env, args, file, CIT_WRITE,
                                       &iocb->ki_pos, iov_iter_count(from));

        /* On success, combine bytes written. */
        if (rc_tiny >= 0 && rc_normal > 0)
                rc_normal += rc_tiny;
        /* On error, only return error from normal write if tiny write did not
         * write any bytes.  Otherwise return bytes written by tiny write.
         */
        else if (rc_tiny > 0)
                rc_normal = rc_tiny;

        cl_env_put(env, &refcheck);
out:
        if (rc_normal > 0) {
                ll_rw_stats_tally(ll_i2sbi(file_inode(file)), current->pid,
                                  file->private_data, iocb->ki_pos,
                                  rc_normal, WRITE);
                ll_stats_ops_tally(ll_i2sbi(file_inode(file)), LPROC_LL_WRITE,
                                   ktime_us_delta(ktime_get(), kstart));
        }

        CDEBUG(D_IOTRACE,
               "COMPLETED: file %s:"DFID", ppos: %lld, count: %zu\n",
               file_dentry(file)->d_name.name,
               PFID(ll_inode2fid(file_inode(file))), iocb->ki_pos,
               iov_iter_count(from));

        RETURN(rc_normal);
}

#ifndef HAVE_FILE_OPERATIONS_READ_WRITE_ITER
/*
 * XXX: exact copy from kernel code (__generic_file_aio_write_nolock)
 */
static int ll_file_get_iov_count(const struct iovec *iov,
                                 unsigned long *nr_segs, size_t *count,
                                 int access_flags)
{
        size_t cnt = 0;
        unsigned long seg;

        for (seg = 0; seg < *nr_segs; seg++) {
                const struct iovec *iv = &iov[seg];

                /*
                 * If any segment has a negative length, or the cumulative
                 * length ever wraps negative then return -EINVAL.
                 */
                cnt += iv->iov_len;
                if (unlikely((ssize_t)(cnt|iv->iov_len) < 0))
                        return -EINVAL;
                if (access_ok(access_flags, iv->iov_base, iv->iov_len))
                        continue;
                if (seg == 0)
                        return -EFAULT;
                *nr_segs = seg;
                cnt -= iv->iov_len;     /* This segment is no good */
                break;
        }
        *count = cnt;
        return 0;
}

static ssize_t ll_file_aio_read(struct kiocb *iocb, const struct iovec *iov,
                                unsigned long nr_segs, loff_t pos)
{
        struct iov_iter to;
        size_t iov_count;
        ssize_t result;
        ENTRY;

        result = ll_file_get_iov_count(iov, &nr_segs, &iov_count, VERIFY_READ);
        if (result)
                RETURN(result);

        if (!iov_count)
                RETURN(0);

# ifdef HAVE_IOV_ITER_INIT_DIRECTION
        iov_iter_init(&to, READ, iov, nr_segs, iov_count);
# else /* !HAVE_IOV_ITER_INIT_DIRECTION */
        iov_iter_init(&to, iov, nr_segs, iov_count, 0);
# endif /* HAVE_IOV_ITER_INIT_DIRECTION */

        result = ll_file_read_iter(iocb, &to);

        RETURN(result);
}

static ssize_t ll_file_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t count,
                            loff_t *ppos)
{
        struct iovec   iov = { .iov_base = buf, .iov_len = count };
        struct kiocb   kiocb;
        ssize_t        result;

        ENTRY;

        if (!count)
                RETURN(0);

        init_sync_kiocb(&kiocb, file);
        kiocb.ki_pos = *ppos;
#ifdef HAVE_KIOCB_KI_LEFT
        kiocb.ki_left = count;
#elif defined(HAVE_KI_NBYTES)
        kiocb.i_nbytes = count;
#endif

        result = ll_file_aio_read(&kiocb, &iov, 1, kiocb.ki_pos);
        *ppos = kiocb.ki_pos;

        RETURN(result);
}

/*
 * Write to a file (through the page cache).
 * AIO stuff
 */
static ssize_t ll_file_aio_write(struct kiocb *iocb, const struct iovec *iov,
                                 unsigned long nr_segs, loff_t pos)
{
        struct iov_iter from;
        size_t iov_count;
        ssize_t result;
        ENTRY;

        result = ll_file_get_iov_count(iov, &nr_segs, &iov_count, VERIFY_WRITE);
        if (result)
                RETURN(result);

        if (!iov_count)
                RETURN(0);

# ifdef HAVE_IOV_ITER_INIT_DIRECTION
        iov_iter_init(&from, WRITE, iov, nr_segs, iov_count);
# else /* !HAVE_IOV_ITER_INIT_DIRECTION */
        iov_iter_init(&from, iov, nr_segs, iov_count, 0);
# endif /* HAVE_IOV_ITER_INIT_DIRECTION */

        result = ll_file_write_iter(iocb, &from);

        RETURN(result);
}

static ssize_t ll_file_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
                             size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
        struct iovec   iov = { .iov_base = (void __user *)buf,
                               .iov_len = count };
        struct kiocb   kiocb;
        ssize_t        result;

        ENTRY;

        if (!count)
                RETURN(0);

        init_sync_kiocb(&kiocb, file);
        kiocb.ki_pos = *ppos;
#ifdef HAVE_KIOCB_KI_LEFT
        kiocb.ki_left = count;
#elif defined(HAVE_KI_NBYTES)
        kiocb.ki_nbytes = count;
#endif

        result = ll_file_aio_write(&kiocb, &iov, 1, kiocb.ki_pos);
        *ppos = kiocb.ki_pos;

        RETURN(result);
}
#endif /* !HAVE_FILE_OPERATIONS_READ_WRITE_ITER */

int ll_lov_setstripe_ea_info(struct inode *inode, struct dentry *dentry,
                             __u64 flags, struct lov_user_md *lum, int lum_size)
{
        struct lookup_intent oit = {
                .it_op = IT_OPEN,
                .it_flags = flags | MDS_OPEN_BY_FID,
        };
        int rc;
        ENTRY;

        if ((__swab32(lum->lmm_magic) & le32_to_cpu(LOV_MAGIC_MASK)) ==
            le32_to_cpu(LOV_MAGIC_MAGIC)) {
                /* this code will only exist for big-endian systems */
                lustre_swab_lov_user_md(lum, 0);
        }

        ll_inode_size_lock(inode);
        rc = ll_intent_file_open(dentry, lum, lum_size, &oit);
        if (rc < 0)
                GOTO(out_unlock, rc);

        ll_release_openhandle(dentry, &oit);

out_unlock:
        ll_inode_size_unlock(inode);
        ll_intent_release(&oit);

        RETURN(rc);
}

int ll_lov_getstripe_ea_info(struct inode *inode, const char *filename,
                             struct lov_mds_md **lmmp, int *lmm_size,
                             struct ptlrpc_request **request)
{
        struct ll_sb_info *sbi = ll_i2sbi(inode);
        struct mdt_body  *body;
        struct lov_mds_md *lmm = NULL;
        struct ptlrpc_request *req = NULL;
        struct md_op_data *op_data;
        int rc, lmmsize;

        ENTRY;

        rc = ll_get_default_mdsize(sbi, &lmmsize);
        if (rc)
                RETURN(rc);

        op_data = ll_prep_md_op_data(NULL, inode, NULL, filename,
                                     strlen(filename), lmmsize,
                                     LUSTRE_OPC_ANY, NULL);
        if (IS_ERR(op_data))
                RETURN(PTR_ERR(op_data));

        op_data->op_valid = OBD_MD_FLEASIZE | OBD_MD_FLDIREA;
        rc = md_getattr_name(sbi->ll_md_exp, op_data, &req);
        ll_finish_md_op_data(op_data);
        if (rc < 0) {
                CDEBUG(D_INFO, "md_getattr_name failed on %s: rc %d\n",
                       filename, rc);
                GOTO(out, rc);
        }

        body = req_capsule_server_get(&req->rq_pill, &RMF_MDT_BODY);
        LASSERT(body != NULL); /* checked by mdc_getattr_name */

        lmmsize = body->mbo_eadatasize;

        if (!(body->mbo_valid & (OBD_MD_FLEASIZE | OBD_MD_FLDIREA)) ||
            lmmsize == 0)
                GOTO(out, rc = -ENODATA);

        lmm = req_capsule_server_sized_get(&req->rq_pill, &RMF_MDT_MD, lmmsize);
        LASSERT(lmm != NULL);

        if (lmm->lmm_magic != cpu_to_le32(LOV_MAGIC_V1) &&
            lmm->lmm_magic != cpu_to_le32(LOV_MAGIC_V3) &&
            lmm->lmm_magic != cpu_to_le32(LOV_MAGIC_COMP_V1) &&
            lmm->lmm_magic != cpu_to_le32(LOV_MAGIC_FOREIGN))
                GOTO(out, rc = -EPROTO);

        /*
         * This is coming from the MDS, so is probably in
         * little endian. We convert it to host endian before
         * passing it to userspace.
         */
        if (cpu_to_le32(LOV_MAGIC) != LOV_MAGIC) {
                int stripe_count = 0;

                if (lmm->lmm_magic == cpu_to_le32(LOV_MAGIC_V1) ||
                    lmm->lmm_magic == cpu_to_le32(LOV_MAGIC_V3)) {
                        stripe_count = le16_to_cpu(lmm->lmm_stripe_count);
                        if (le32_to_cpu(lmm->lmm_pattern) &
                            LOV_PATTERN_F_RELEASED)
                                stripe_count = 0;
                        lustre_swab_lov_user_md((struct lov_user_md *)lmm, 0);

                        /* if function called for directory - we should
                         * avoid swab not existent lsm objects
                         */
                        if (lmm->lmm_magic == LOV_MAGIC_V1 &&
                            S_ISREG(body->mbo_mode))
                                lustre_swab_lov_user_md_objects(
                                ((struct lov_user_md_v1 *)lmm)->lmm_objects,
                                stripe_count);
                        else if (lmm->lmm_magic == LOV_MAGIC_V3 &&
                                 S_ISREG(body->mbo_mode))
                                lustre_swab_lov_user_md_objects(
                                ((struct lov_user_md_v3 *)lmm)->lmm_objects,
                                stripe_count);
                } else if (lmm->lmm_magic == cpu_to_le32(LOV_MAGIC_COMP_V1)) {
                        lustre_swab_lov_comp_md_v1(
                                (struct lov_comp_md_v1 *)lmm);
                }
        }

        if (lmm->lmm_magic == LOV_MAGIC_COMP_V1) {
                struct lov_comp_md_v1 *comp_v1 = NULL;
                struct lov_comp_md_entry_v1 *ent;
                struct lov_user_md_v1 *v1;
                __u32 off;
                int i = 0;

                comp_v1 = (struct lov_comp_md_v1 *)lmm;
                /* Dump the striping information */
                for (; i < comp_v1->lcm_entry_count; i++) {
                        ent = &comp_v1->lcm_entries[i];
                        off = ent->lcme_offset;
                        v1 = (struct lov_user_md_v1 *)((char *)lmm + off);
                        CDEBUG(D_INFO,
                               "comp[%d]: stripe_count=%u, stripe_size=%u\n",
                               i, v1->lmm_stripe_count, v1->lmm_stripe_size);
                }

                /**
                 * Return valid stripe_count and stripe_size instead of 0 for
                 * DoM files to avoid divide-by-zero for older userspace that
                 * calls this ioctl, e.g. lustre ADIO driver.
                 */
                if (lmm->lmm_stripe_count == 0)
                        lmm->lmm_stripe_count = 1;
                if (lmm->lmm_stripe_size == 0) {
                        /* Since the first component of the file data is placed
                         * on the MDT for faster access, the stripe_size of the
                         * second one is always that applications which are
                         * doing large IOs.
                         */
                        if (lmm->lmm_pattern == LOV_PATTERN_MDT)
                                i = comp_v1->lcm_entry_count > 1 ? 1 : 0;
                        else
                                i = comp_v1->lcm_entry_count > 1 ?
                                    comp_v1->lcm_entry_count - 1 : 0;
                        ent = &comp_v1->lcm_entries[i];
                        off = ent->lcme_offset;
                        v1 = (struct lov_user_md_v1 *)((char *)lmm + off);
                        lmm->lmm_stripe_size = v1->lmm_stripe_size;
                }
        }
out:
        *lmmp = lmm;
        *lmm_size = lmmsize;
        *request = req;
        RETURN(rc);
}

static int ll_lov_setea(struct inode *inode, struct file *file,
                        void __user *arg)
{
        __u64 flags = MDS_OPEN_HAS_OBJS | FMODE_WRITE;
        struct lov_user_md *lump;
        int lum_size = sizeof(*lump) + sizeof(struct lov_user_ost_data);
        int rc;
        ENTRY;

        if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
                RETURN(-EPERM);

        OBD_ALLOC_LARGE(lump, lum_size);
        if (lump == NULL)
                RETURN(-ENOMEM);

        if (copy_from_user(lump, arg, lum_size))
                GOTO(out_lump, rc = -EFAULT);

        rc = ll_lov_setstripe_ea_info(inode, file_dentry(file), flags, lump,
                                      lum_size);
        cl_lov_delay_create_clear(&file->f_flags);

out_lump:
        OBD_FREE_LARGE(lump, lum_size);
        RETURN(rc);
}

static int ll_file_getstripe(struct inode *inode, void __user *lum, size_t size)
{
        struct lu_env   *env;
        __u16           refcheck;
        int             rc;
        ENTRY;

        env = cl_env_get(&refcheck);
        if (IS_ERR(env))
                RETURN(PTR_ERR(env));

        rc = cl_object_getstripe(env, ll_i2info(inode)->lli_clob, lum, size);
        cl_env_put(env, &refcheck);
        RETURN(rc);
}

static int ll_lov_setstripe(struct inode *inode, struct file *file,
                            void __user *arg)
{
        struct lov_user_md __user *lum = arg;
        struct lov_user_md *klum;
        int lum_size, rc;
        __u64 flags = FMODE_WRITE;
        ENTRY;

        rc = ll_copy_user_md(lum, &klum);
        if (rc < 0)
                RETURN(rc);

        lum_size = rc;
        rc = ll_lov_setstripe_ea_info(inode, file_dentry(file), flags, klum,
                                      lum_size);
        if (!rc) {
                __u32 gen;

                rc = put_user(0, &lum->lmm_stripe_count);
                if (rc)
                        GOTO(out, rc);

                rc = ll_layout_refresh(inode, &gen);
                if (rc)
                        GOTO(out, rc);

                rc = ll_file_getstripe(inode, arg, lum_size);
                if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) && IS_ENCRYPTED(inode) &&
                    ll_i2info(inode)->lli_clob) {
                        struct iattr attr = { 0 };

                        rc = cl_setattr_ost(ll_i2info(inode)->lli_clob, &attr,
                                            OP_XVALID_FLAGS, LUSTRE_ENCRYPT_FL);
                }
        }
        cl_lov_delay_create_clear(&file->f_flags);

out:
        OBD_FREE_LARGE(klum, lum_size);
        RETURN(rc);
}


static int
ll_get_grouplock(struct inode *inode, struct file *file, unsigned long arg)
{
        struct ll_inode_info *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
        struct cl_object *obj = lli->lli_clob;
        struct ll_file_data *fd = file->private_data;
        struct ll_grouplock grouplock;
        int rc;
        ENTRY;

        if (arg == 0) {
                CWARN("group id for group lock must not be 0\n");
                RETURN(-EINVAL);
        }

        if (ll_file_nolock(file))
                RETURN(-EOPNOTSUPP);
retry:
        if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK) {
                if (!mutex_trylock(&lli->lli_group_mutex))
                        RETURN(-EAGAIN);
        } else {
                mutex_lock(&lli->lli_group_mutex);
        }

        if (fd->fd_flags & LL_FILE_GROUP_LOCKED) {
                CWARN("group lock already existed with gid %lu\n",
                      fd->fd_grouplock.lg_gid);
                GOTO(out, rc = -EINVAL);
        }
        if (arg != lli->lli_group_gid && lli->lli_group_users != 0) {
                if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
                        GOTO(out, rc = -EAGAIN);
                mutex_unlock(&lli->lli_group_mutex);
                wait_var_event(&lli->lli_group_users, !lli->lli_group_users);
                GOTO(retry, rc = 0);
        }
        LASSERT(fd->fd_grouplock.lg_lock == NULL);

        /**
         * XXX: group lock needs to protect all OST objects while PFL
         * can add new OST objects during the IO, so we'd instantiate
         * all OST objects before getting its group lock.
         */
        if (obj) {
                struct lu_env *env;
                __u16 refcheck;
                struct cl_layout cl = {
                        .cl_is_composite = false,
                };
                struct lu_extent ext = {
                        .e_start = 0,
                        .e_end = OBD_OBJECT_EOF,
                };

                env = cl_env_get(&refcheck);
                if (IS_ERR(env))
                        GOTO(out, rc = PTR_ERR(env));

                rc = cl_object_layout_get(env, obj, &cl);
                if (rc >= 0 && cl.cl_is_composite)
                        rc = ll_layout_write_intent(inode, LAYOUT_INTENT_WRITE,
                                                    &ext);

                cl_env_put(env, &refcheck);
                if (rc < 0)
                        GOTO(out, rc);
        }

        rc = cl_get_grouplock(ll_i2info(inode)->lli_clob,
                              arg, (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK), &grouplock);

        if (rc)
                GOTO(out, rc);

        fd->fd_flags |= LL_FILE_GROUP_LOCKED;
        fd->fd_grouplock = grouplock;
        if (lli->lli_group_users == 0)
                lli->lli_group_gid = grouplock.lg_gid;
        lli->lli_group_users++;

        CDEBUG(D_INFO, "group lock %lu obtained\n", arg);
out:
        mutex_unlock(&lli->lli_group_mutex);

        RETURN(rc);
}

static int ll_put_grouplock(struct inode *inode, struct file *file,
                            unsigned long arg)
{
        struct ll_inode_info   *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
        struct ll_file_data    *fd = file->private_data;
        struct ll_grouplock     grouplock;
        int                     rc;
        ENTRY;

        mutex_lock(&lli->lli_group_mutex);
        if (!(fd->fd_flags & LL_FILE_GROUP_LOCKED)) {
                CWARN("no group lock held\n");
                GOTO(out, rc = -EINVAL);
        }

        LASSERT(fd->fd_grouplock.lg_lock != NULL);

        if (fd->fd_grouplock.lg_gid != arg) {
                CWARN("group lock %lu doesn't match current id %lu\n",
                      arg, fd->fd_grouplock.lg_gid);
                GOTO(out, rc = -EINVAL);
        }

        grouplock = fd->fd_grouplock;
        memset(&fd->fd_grouplock, 0, sizeof(fd->fd_grouplock));
        fd->fd_flags &= ~LL_FILE_GROUP_LOCKED;

        cl_put_grouplock(&grouplock);

        lli->lli_group_users--;
        if (lli->lli_group_users == 0) {
                lli->lli_group_gid = 0;
                wake_up_var(&lli->lli_group_users);
        }
        CDEBUG(D_INFO, "group lock %lu released\n", arg);
        GOTO(out, rc = 0);
out:
        mutex_unlock(&lli->lli_group_mutex);

        RETURN(rc);
}

/**
 * Close inode open handle
 *
 * \param dentry [in]     dentry which contains the inode
 * \param it     [in,out] intent which contains open info and result
 *
 * \retval 0     success
 * \retval <0    failure
 */
int ll_release_openhandle(struct dentry *dentry, struct lookup_intent *it)
{
        struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
        struct obd_client_handle *och;
        int rc;
        ENTRY;

        LASSERT(inode);

        /* Root ? Do nothing. */
        if (is_root_inode(inode))
                RETURN(0);

        /* No open handle to close? Move away */
        if (!it_disposition(it, DISP_OPEN_OPEN))
                RETURN(0);

        LASSERT(it_open_error(DISP_OPEN_OPEN, it) == 0);

        OBD_ALLOC(och, sizeof(*och));
        if (!och)
                GOTO(out, rc = -ENOMEM);

        rc = ll_och_fill(ll_i2sbi(inode)->ll_md_exp, it, och);
        if (rc)
                GOTO(out, rc);

        rc = ll_close_inode_openhandle(inode, och, 0, NULL);
out:
        /* this one is in place of ll_file_open */
        if (it_disposition(it, DISP_ENQ_OPEN_REF)) {
                ptlrpc_req_finished(it->it_request);
                it_clear_disposition(it, DISP_ENQ_OPEN_REF);
        }
        RETURN(rc);
}

/**
 * Get size for inode for which FIEMAP mapping is requested.
 * Make the FIEMAP get_info call and returns the result.
 * \param fiemap        kernel buffer to hold extens
 * \param num_bytes     kernel buffer size
 */
static int ll_do_fiemap(struct inode *inode, struct fiemap *fiemap,
                        size_t num_bytes)
{
        struct lu_env                   *env;
        __u16                           refcheck;
        int                             rc = 0;
        struct ll_fiemap_info_key       fmkey = { .lfik_name = KEY_FIEMAP, };
        ENTRY;

        /* Checks for fiemap flags */
        if (fiemap->fm_flags & ~LUSTRE_FIEMAP_FLAGS_COMPAT) {
                fiemap->fm_flags &= ~LUSTRE_FIEMAP_FLAGS_COMPAT;
                return -EBADR;
        }

        /* Check for FIEMAP_FLAG_SYNC */
        if (fiemap->fm_flags & FIEMAP_FLAG_SYNC) {
                rc = filemap_fdatawrite(inode->i_mapping);
                if (rc)
                        return rc;
        }

        env = cl_env_get(&refcheck);
        if (IS_ERR(env))
                RETURN(PTR_ERR(env));

        if (i_size_read(inode) == 0) {
                rc = ll_glimpse_size(inode);
                if (rc)
                        GOTO(out, rc);
        }

        fmkey.lfik_oa.o_valid = OBD_MD_FLID | OBD_MD_FLGROUP | OBD_MD_FLPROJID;
        obdo_from_inode(&fmkey.lfik_oa, inode, OBD_MD_FLSIZE);
        obdo_set_parent_fid(&fmkey.lfik_oa, &ll_i2info(inode)->lli_fid);

        /* If filesize is 0, then there would be no objects for mapping */
        if (fmkey.lfik_oa.o_size == 0) {
                fiemap->fm_mapped_extents = 0;
                GOTO(out, rc = 0);
        }

        fmkey.lfik_fiemap = *fiemap;

        rc = cl_object_fiemap(env, ll_i2info(inode)->lli_clob,
                              &fmkey, fiemap, &num_bytes);
out:
        cl_env_put(env, &refcheck);
        RETURN(rc);
}

static int fid2path_for_enc_file(struct inode *parent, char *gfpath,
                                 __u32 gfpathlen)
{
        struct dentry *de = NULL, *de_parent = d_find_any_alias(parent);
        struct llcrypt_str lltr = LLTR_INIT(NULL, 0);
        struct llcrypt_str de_name;
        char *p, *ptr = gfpath;
        size_t len = 0, len_orig = 0;
        int enckey = -1, nameenc = -1;
        int rc = 0;

        gfpath++;
        while ((p = strsep(&gfpath, "/")) != NULL) {
                struct lu_fid fid;

                de = NULL;
                if (!*p) {
                        dput(de_parent);
                        break;
                }
                len_orig = strlen(p);

                rc = sscanf(p, "["SFID"]", RFID(&fid));
                if (rc == 3)
                        p = strchr(p, ']') + 1;
                else
                        fid_zero(&fid);
                rc = 0;
                len = strlen(p);

                if (!IS_ENCRYPTED(parent)) {
                        if (gfpathlen < len + 1) {
                                dput(de_parent);
                                rc = -EOVERFLOW;
                                break;
                        }
                        memmove(ptr, p, len);
                        p = ptr;
                        ptr += len;
                        *(ptr++) = '/';
                        gfpathlen -= len + 1;
                        goto lookup;
                }

                /* From here, we know parent is encrypted */

                if (enckey != 0) {
                        rc = llcrypt_prepare_readdir(parent);
                        if (rc && rc != -ENOKEY) {
                                dput(de_parent);
                                break;
                        }
                }

                if (enckey == -1) {
                        if (llcrypt_has_encryption_key(parent))
                                enckey = 1;
                        else
                                enckey = 0;
                        if (enckey == 1)
                                nameenc =
                                        llcrypt_policy_has_filename_enc(parent);
                }

                /* Even if names are not encrypted, we still need to call
                 * ll_fname_disk_to_usr in order to decode names as they are
                 * coming from the wire.
                 */
                rc = llcrypt_fname_alloc_buffer(parent, NAME_MAX + 1, &lltr);
                if (rc < 0) {
                        dput(de_parent);
                        break;
                }

                de_name.name = p;
                de_name.len = len;
                rc = ll_fname_disk_to_usr(parent, 0, 0, &de_name,
                                          &lltr, &fid);
                if (rc) {
                        llcrypt_fname_free_buffer(&lltr);
                        dput(de_parent);
                        break;
                }
                lltr.name[lltr.len] = '\0';

                if (lltr.len <= len_orig && gfpathlen >= lltr.len + 1) {
                        memcpy(ptr, lltr.name, lltr.len);
                        p = ptr;
                        len = lltr.len;
                        ptr += lltr.len;
                        *(ptr++) = '/';
                        gfpathlen -= lltr.len + 1;
                } else {
                        rc = -EOVERFLOW;
                }
                llcrypt_fname_free_buffer(&lltr);

                if (rc == -EOVERFLOW) {
                        dput(de_parent);
                        break;
                }

lookup:
                if (!gfpath) {
                        /* We reached the end of the string, which means
                         * we are dealing with the last component in the path.
                         * So save a useless lookup and exit.
                         */
                        dput(de_parent);
                        break;
                }

                if (enckey == 0 || nameenc == 0)
                        continue;

                inode_lock(parent);
                de = lookup_one_len(p, de_parent, len);
                inode_unlock(parent);
                if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(de) || !de->d_inode) {
                        dput(de_parent);
                        rc = -ENODATA;
                        break;
                }

                parent = de->d_inode;
                dput(de_parent);
                de_parent = de;
        }

        if (len)
                *(ptr - 1) = '\0';
        if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(de))
                dput(de);
        return rc;
}

int __ll_fid2path(struct inode *inode, struct getinfo_fid2path *gfout,
                  size_t outsize, __u32 pathlen_orig)
{
        struct obd_export *exp = ll_i2mdexp(inode);
        int rc;

        /* Append root FID after gfout to let MDT know the root FID so that
         * it can lookup the correct path, this is mainly for fileset.
         * old server without fileset mount support will ignore this.
         */
        *gfout->gf_u.gf_root_fid = *ll_inode2fid(inode);

        /* Call mdc_iocontrol */
        rc = obd_iocontrol(OBD_IOC_FID2PATH, exp, outsize, gfout, NULL);

        if (!rc && gfout->gf_pathlen && gfout->gf_u.gf_path[0] == '/') {
                /* by convention, server side (mdt_path_current()) puts
                 * a leading '/' to tell client that we are dealing with
                 * an encrypted file
                 */
                rc = fid2path_for_enc_file(inode, gfout->gf_u.gf_path,
                                           gfout->gf_pathlen);
                if (!rc && strlen(gfout->gf_u.gf_path) > pathlen_orig)
                        rc = -EOVERFLOW;
        }

        return rc;
}

int ll_fid2path(struct inode *inode, void __user *arg)
{
        const struct getinfo_fid2path __user *gfin = arg;
        __u32 pathlen, pathlen_orig;
        struct getinfo_fid2path *gfout;
        size_t outsize;
        int rc = 0;

        ENTRY;

        if (!capable(CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH) &&
            !test_bit(LL_SBI_USER_FID2PATH, ll_i2sbi(inode)->ll_flags))
                RETURN(-EPERM);

        /* Only need to get the buflen */
        if (get_user(pathlen, &gfin->gf_pathlen))
                RETURN(-EFAULT);

        if (pathlen > PATH_MAX)
                RETURN(-EINVAL);
        pathlen_orig = pathlen;

gf_alloc:
        outsize = sizeof(*gfout) + pathlen;
        OBD_ALLOC(gfout, outsize);
        if (gfout == NULL)
                RETURN(-ENOMEM);

        if (copy_from_user(gfout, arg, sizeof(*gfout)))
                GOTO(gf_free, rc = -EFAULT);

        gfout->gf_pathlen = pathlen;
        rc = __ll_fid2path(inode, gfout, outsize, pathlen_orig);
        if (rc)
                GOTO(gf_free, rc);

        if (copy_to_user(arg, gfout, sizeof(*gfout) + pathlen_orig))
                rc = -EFAULT;

gf_free:
        OBD_FREE(gfout, outsize);
        if (rc == -ENAMETOOLONG) {
                pathlen += PATH_MAX;
                GOTO(gf_alloc, rc);
        }
        RETURN(rc);
}

static int
ll_ioc_data_version(struct inode *inode, struct ioc_data_version *ioc)
{
        struct cl_object *obj = ll_i2info(inode)->lli_clob;
        struct lu_env *env;
        struct cl_io *io;
        __u16  refcheck;
        int result;

        ENTRY;

        ioc->idv_version = 0;
        ioc->idv_layout_version = UINT_MAX;

        /* If no file object initialized, we consider its version is 0. */
        if (obj == NULL)
                RETURN(0);

        env = cl_env_get(&refcheck);
        if (IS_ERR(env))
                RETURN(PTR_ERR(env));

        io = vvp_env_thread_io(env);
        io->ci_obj = obj;
        io->u.ci_data_version.dv_data_version = 0;
        io->u.ci_data_version.dv_layout_version = UINT_MAX;
        io->u.ci_data_version.dv_flags = ioc->idv_flags;

restart:
        if (cl_io_init(env, io, CIT_DATA_VERSION, io->ci_obj) == 0)
                result = cl_io_loop(env, io);
        else
                result = io->ci_result;

        ioc->idv_version = io->u.ci_data_version.dv_data_version;
        ioc->idv_layout_version = io->u.ci_data_version.dv_layout_version;

        cl_io_fini(env, io);

        if (unlikely(io->ci_need_restart))
                goto restart;

        cl_env_put(env, &refcheck);

        RETURN(result);
}

/*
 * Read the data_version for inode.
 *
 * This value is computed using stripe object version on OST.
 * Version is computed using server side locking.
 *
 * @param flags if do sync on the OST side;
 *              0: no sync
 *              LL_DV_RD_FLUSH: flush dirty pages, LCK_PR on OSTs
 *              LL_DV_WR_FLUSH: drop all caching pages, LCK_PW on OSTs
 */
int ll_data_version(struct inode *inode, __u64 *data_version, int flags)
{
        struct ioc_data_version ioc = { .idv_flags = flags };
        int rc;

        rc = ll_ioc_data_version(inode, &ioc);
        if (!rc)
                *data_version = ioc.idv_version;

        return rc;
}

/*
 * Trigger a HSM release request for the provided inode.
 */
int ll_hsm_release(struct inode *inode)
{
        struct lu_env *env;
        struct obd_client_handle *och = NULL;
        __u64 data_version = 0;
        __u16 refcheck;
        int rc;

        ENTRY;

        CDEBUG(D_INODE, "%s: Releasing file "DFID".\n",
               ll_i2sbi(inode)->ll_fsname,
               PFID(&ll_i2info(inode)->lli_fid));

        och = ll_lease_open(inode, NULL, FMODE_WRITE, MDS_OPEN_RELEASE);
        if (IS_ERR(och))
                GOTO(out, rc = PTR_ERR(och));

        /* Grab latest data_version and [am]time values */
        rc = ll_data_version(inode, &data_version,
                             LL_DV_WR_FLUSH | LL_DV_SZ_UPDATE);
        if (rc != 0)
                GOTO(out, rc);

        env = cl_env_get(&refcheck);
        if (IS_ERR(env))
                GOTO(out, rc = PTR_ERR(env));

        rc = ll_merge_attr(env, inode);
        cl_env_put(env, &refcheck);

        /* If error happen, we have the wrong size for a file.
         * Don't release it.
         */
        if (rc != 0)
                GOTO(out, rc);

        /* Release the file.
         * NB: lease lock handle is released in mdc_hsm_release_pack() because
         * we still need it to pack l_remote_handle to MDT. */
        rc = ll_close_inode_openhandle(inode, och, MDS_HSM_RELEASE,
                                       &data_version);
        och = NULL;

        EXIT;
out:
        if (och != NULL && !IS_ERR(och)) /* close the file */
                ll_lease_close(och, inode, NULL);

        return rc;
}

struct ll_swap_stack {
        __u64                    dv1;
        __u64                    dv2;
        struct inode            *inode1;
        struct inode            *inode2;
        bool                     check_dv1;
        bool                     check_dv2;
};

static int ll_swap_layouts(struct file *file1, struct file *file2,
                           struct lustre_swap_layouts *lsl)
{
        struct mdc_swap_layouts  msl;
        struct md_op_data       *op_data;
        __u32                    gid;
        __u64                    dv;
        struct ll_swap_stack    *llss = NULL;
        int                      rc;

        OBD_ALLOC_PTR(llss);
        if (llss == NULL)
                RETURN(-ENOMEM);

        llss->inode1 = file_inode(file1);
        llss->inode2 = file_inode(file2);

        rc = ll_check_swap_layouts_validity(llss->inode1, llss->inode2);
        if (rc < 0)
                GOTO(free, rc);

        /* we use 2 bool because it is easier to swap than 2 bits */
        if (lsl->sl_flags & SWAP_LAYOUTS_CHECK_DV1)
                llss->check_dv1 = true;

        if (lsl->sl_flags & SWAP_LAYOUTS_CHECK_DV2)
                llss->check_dv2 = true;

        /* we cannot use lsl->sl_dvX directly because we may swap them */
        llss->dv1 = lsl->sl_dv1;
        llss->dv2 = lsl->sl_dv2;

        rc = lu_fid_cmp(ll_inode2fid(llss->inode1), ll_inode2fid(llss->inode2));
        if (rc == 0) /* same file, done! */
                GOTO(free, rc);

        if (rc < 0) { /* sequentialize it */
                swap(llss->inode1, llss->inode2);
                swap(file1, file2);
                swap(llss->dv1, llss->dv2);
                swap(llss->check_dv1, llss->check_dv2);
        }

        gid = lsl->sl_gid;
        if (gid != 0) { /* application asks to flush dirty cache */
                rc = ll_get_grouplock(llss->inode1, file1, gid);
                if (rc < 0)
                        GOTO(free, rc);

                rc = ll_get_grouplock(llss->inode2, file2, gid);
                if (rc < 0) {
                        ll_put_grouplock(llss->inode1, file1, gid);
                        GOTO(free, rc);
                }
        }

        /* ultimate check, before swaping the layouts we check if
         * dataversion has changed (if requested) */
        if (llss->check_dv1) {
                rc = ll_data_version(llss->inode1, &dv, 0);
                if (rc)
                        GOTO(putgl, rc);
                if (dv != llss->dv1)
                        GOTO(putgl, rc = -EAGAIN);
        }

        if (llss->check_dv2) {
                rc = ll_data_version(llss->inode2, &dv, 0);
                if (rc)
                        GOTO(putgl, rc);
                if (dv != llss->dv2)
                        GOTO(putgl, rc = -EAGAIN);
        }

        /* struct md_op_data is used to send the swap args to the mdt
         * only flags is missing, so we use struct mdc_swap_layouts
         * through the md_op_data->op_data */
        /* flags from user space have to be converted before they are send to
         * server, no flag is sent today, they are only used on the client */
        msl.msl_flags = 0;
        rc = -ENOMEM;
        op_data = ll_prep_md_op_data(NULL, llss->inode1, llss->inode2, NULL, 0,
                                     0, LUSTRE_OPC_ANY, &msl);
        if (IS_ERR(op_data))
                GOTO(free, rc = PTR_ERR(op_data));

        rc = obd_iocontrol(LL_IOC_LOV_SWAP_LAYOUTS, ll_i2mdexp(llss->inode1),
                           sizeof(*op_data), op_data, NULL);
        ll_finish_md_op_data(op_data);

        if (rc < 0)
                GOTO(putgl, rc);

putgl:
        if (gid != 0) {
                ll_put_grouplock(llss->inode2, file2, gid);
                ll_put_grouplock(llss->inode1, file1, gid);
        }

free:
        if (llss != NULL)
                OBD_FREE_PTR(llss);

        RETURN(rc);
}

int ll_hsm_state_set(struct inode *inode, struct hsm_state_set *hss)
{
        struct obd_export *exp = ll_i2mdexp(inode);
        struct md_op_data *op_data;
        int rc;
        ENTRY;

        /* Detect out-of range masks */
        if ((hss->hss_setmask | hss->hss_clearmask) & ~HSM_FLAGS_MASK)
                RETURN(-EINVAL);

        /* Non-root users are forbidden to set or clear flags which are
         * NOT defined in HSM_USER_MASK. */
        if (((hss->hss_setmask | hss->hss_clearmask) & ~HSM_USER_MASK) &&
            !capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
                RETURN(-EPERM);

        if (!exp_connect_archive_id_array(exp)) {
                /* Detect out-of range archive id */
                if ((hss->hss_valid & HSS_ARCHIVE_ID) &&
                    (hss->hss_archive_id > LL_HSM_ORIGIN_MAX_ARCHIVE))
                        RETURN(-EINVAL);
        }

        op_data = ll_prep_md_op_data(NULL, inode, NULL, NULL, 0, 0,
                                     LUSTRE_OPC_ANY, hss);
        if (IS_ERR(op_data))
                RETURN(PTR_ERR(op_data));

        rc = obd_iocontrol(LL_IOC_HSM_STATE_SET, exp, sizeof(*op_data),
                           op_data, NULL);

        ll_finish_md_op_data(op_data);

        RETURN(rc);
}

static int ll_hsm_import(struct inode *inode, struct file *file,
                         struct hsm_user_import *hui)
{
        struct hsm_state_set    *hss = NULL;
        struct iattr            *attr = NULL;
        int                      rc;
        ENTRY;

        if (!S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
                RETURN(-EINVAL);

        /* set HSM flags */
        OBD_ALLOC_PTR(hss);
        if (hss == NULL)
                GOTO(out, rc = -ENOMEM);

        hss->hss_valid = HSS_SETMASK | HSS_ARCHIVE_ID;
        hss->hss_archive_id = hui->hui_archive_id;
        hss->hss_setmask = HS_ARCHIVED | HS_EXISTS | HS_RELEASED;
        rc = ll_hsm_state_set(inode, hss);
        if (rc != 0)
                GOTO(out, rc);

        OBD_ALLOC_PTR(attr);
        if (attr == NULL)
                GOTO(out, rc = -ENOMEM);

        attr->ia_mode = hui->hui_mode & (S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);
        attr->ia_mode |= S_IFREG;
        attr->ia_uid = make_kuid(&init_user_ns, hui->hui_uid);
        attr->ia_gid = make_kgid(&init_user_ns, hui->hui_gid);
        attr->ia_size = hui->hui_size;
        attr->ia_mtime.tv_sec = hui->hui_mtime;
        attr->ia_mtime.tv_nsec = hui->hui_mtime_ns;
        attr->ia_atime.tv_sec = hui->hui_atime;
        attr->ia_atime.tv_nsec = hui->hui_atime_ns;

        attr->ia_valid = ATTR_SIZE | ATTR_MODE | ATTR_FORCE |
                         ATTR_UID | ATTR_GID |
                         ATTR_MTIME | ATTR_MTIME_SET |
                         ATTR_ATIME | ATTR_ATIME_SET;

        inode_lock(inode);

        rc = ll_setattr_raw(file_dentry(file), attr, 0, true);
        if (rc == -ENODATA)
                rc = 0;

        inode_unlock(inode);

out:
        if (hss != NULL)
                OBD_FREE_PTR(hss);

        if (attr != NULL)
                OBD_FREE_PTR(attr);

        RETURN(rc);
}

static inline long ll_lease_type_from_fmode(fmode_t fmode)
{
        return ((fmode & FMODE_READ) ? LL_LEASE_RDLCK : 0) |
               ((fmode & FMODE_WRITE) ? LL_LEASE_WRLCK : 0);
}

static int ll_file_futimes_3(struct file *file, const struct ll_futimes_3 *lfu)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        struct iattr ia = {
                .ia_valid = ATTR_ATIME | ATTR_ATIME_SET |
                            ATTR_MTIME | ATTR_MTIME_SET |
                            ATTR_CTIME,
                .ia_atime = {
                        .tv_sec = lfu->lfu_atime_sec,
                        .tv_nsec = lfu->lfu_atime_nsec,
                },
                .ia_mtime = {
                        .tv_sec = lfu->lfu_mtime_sec,
                        .tv_nsec = lfu->lfu_mtime_nsec,
                },
                .ia_ctime = {
                        .tv_sec = lfu->lfu_ctime_sec,
                        .tv_nsec = lfu->lfu_ctime_nsec,
                },
        };
        int rc;
        ENTRY;

        if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
                RETURN(-EPERM);

        if (!S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
                RETURN(-EINVAL);

        inode_lock(inode);
        rc = ll_setattr_raw(file_dentry(file), &ia, OP_XVALID_CTIME_SET,
                            false);
        inode_unlock(inode);

        RETURN(rc);
}

static enum cl_lock_mode cl_mode_user_to_kernel(enum lock_mode_user mode)
{
        switch (mode) {
        case MODE_READ_USER:
                return CLM_READ;
        case MODE_WRITE_USER:
                return CLM_WRITE;
        default:
                return -EINVAL;
        }
}

static const char *const user_lockname[] = LOCK_MODE_NAMES;

/* Used to allow the upper layers of the client to request an LDLM lock
 * without doing an actual read or write.
 *
 * Used for ladvise lockahead to manually request specific locks.
 *
 * \param[in] file      file this ladvise lock request is on
 * \param[in] ladvise   ladvise struct describing this lock request
 *
 * \retval 0            success, no detailed result available (sync requests
 *                      and requests sent to the server [not handled locally]
 *                      cannot return detailed results)
 * \retval LLA_RESULT_{SAME,DIFFERENT} - detailed result of the lock request,
 *                                       see definitions for details.
 * \retval negative     negative errno on error
 */
int ll_file_lock_ahead(struct file *file, struct llapi_lu_ladvise *ladvise)
{
        struct lu_env *env = NULL;
        struct cl_io *io  = NULL;
        struct cl_lock *lock = NULL;
        struct cl_lock_descr *descr = NULL;
        struct dentry *dentry = file->f_path.dentry;
        struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
        enum cl_lock_mode cl_mode;
        off_t start = ladvise->lla_start;
        off_t end = ladvise->lla_end;
        int result;
        __u16 refcheck;

        ENTRY;

        CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE,
               "Lock request: file=%pd, inode=%p, mode=%s start=%llu, end=%llu\n",
               dentry, dentry->d_inode,
               user_lockname[ladvise->lla_lockahead_mode], (__u64) start,
               (__u64) end);

        cl_mode = cl_mode_user_to_kernel(ladvise->lla_lockahead_mode);
        if (cl_mode < 0)
                GOTO(out, result = cl_mode);

        /* Get IO environment */
        result = cl_io_get(inode, &env, &io, &refcheck);
        if (result <= 0)
                GOTO(out, result);

        result = cl_io_init(env, io, CIT_MISC, io->ci_obj);
        if (result > 0) {
                /*
                 * nothing to do for this io. This currently happens when
                 * stripe sub-object's are not yet created.
                 */
                result = io->ci_result;
        } else if (result == 0) {
                lock = vvp_env_lock(env);
                descr = &lock->cll_descr;

                descr->cld_obj   = io->ci_obj;
                /* Convert byte offsets to pages */
                descr->cld_start = cl_index(io->ci_obj, start);
                descr->cld_end   = cl_index(io->ci_obj, end);
                descr->cld_mode  = cl_mode;
                /* CEF_MUST is used because we do not want to convert a
                 * lockahead request to a lockless lock */
                descr->cld_enq_flags = CEF_MUST | CEF_LOCK_NO_EXPAND;

                if (ladvise->lla_peradvice_flags & LF_ASYNC)
                        descr->cld_enq_flags |= CEF_SPECULATIVE;

                result = cl_lock_request(env, io, lock);

                /* On success, we need to release the lock */
                if (result >= 0)
                        cl_lock_release(env, lock);
        }
        cl_io_fini(env, io);
        cl_env_put(env, &refcheck);

        /* -ECANCELED indicates a matching lock with a different extent
         * was already present, and -EEXIST indicates a matching lock
         * on exactly the same extent was already present.
         * We convert them to positive values for userspace to make
         * recognizing true errors easier.
         * Note we can only return these detailed results on async requests,
         * as sync requests look the same as i/o requests for locking. */
        if (result == -ECANCELED)
                result = LLA_RESULT_DIFFERENT;
        else if (result == -EEXIST)
                result = LLA_RESULT_SAME;

out:
        RETURN(result);
}
static const char *const ladvise_names[] = LU_LADVISE_NAMES;

static int ll_ladvise_sanity(struct inode *inode,
                             struct llapi_lu_ladvise *ladvise)
{
        struct ll_sb_info *sbi = ll_i2sbi(inode);
        enum lu_ladvise_type advice = ladvise->lla_advice;
        /* Note the peradvice flags is a 32 bit field, so per advice flags must
         * be in the first 32 bits of enum ladvise_flags */
        __u32 flags = ladvise->lla_peradvice_flags;
        /* 3 lines at 80 characters per line, should be plenty */
        int rc = 0;

        if (advice > LU_LADVISE_MAX || advice == LU_LADVISE_INVALID) {
                rc = -EINVAL;
                CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE,
                       "%s: advice with value '%d' not recognized, last supported advice is %s (value '%d'): rc = %d\n",
                       sbi->ll_fsname, advice,
                       ladvise_names[LU_LADVISE_MAX-1], LU_LADVISE_MAX-1, rc);
                GOTO(out, rc);
        }

        /* Per-advice checks */
        switch (advice) {
        case LU_LADVISE_LOCKNOEXPAND:
                if (flags & ~LF_LOCKNOEXPAND_MASK) {
                        rc = -EINVAL;
                        CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE, "%s: Invalid flags (%x) for %s: "
                               "rc = %d\n", sbi->ll_fsname, flags,
                               ladvise_names[advice], rc);
                        GOTO(out, rc);
                }
                break;
        case LU_LADVISE_LOCKAHEAD:
                /* Currently only READ and WRITE modes can be requested */
                if (ladvise->lla_lockahead_mode >= MODE_MAX_USER ||
                    ladvise->lla_lockahead_mode == 0) {
                        rc = -EINVAL;
                        CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE, "%s: Invalid mode (%d) for %s: "
                               "rc = %d\n", sbi->ll_fsname,
                               ladvise->lla_lockahead_mode,
                               ladvise_names[advice], rc);
                        GOTO(out, rc);
                }
                fallthrough;
        case LU_LADVISE_WILLREAD:
        case LU_LADVISE_DONTNEED:
        default:
                /* Note fall through above - These checks apply to all advices
                 * except LOCKNOEXPAND */
                if (flags & ~LF_DEFAULT_MASK) {
                        rc = -EINVAL;
                        CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE, "%s: Invalid flags (%x) for %s: "
                               "rc = %d\n", sbi->ll_fsname, flags,
                               ladvise_names[advice], rc);
                        GOTO(out, rc);
                }
                if (ladvise->lla_start >= ladvise->lla_end) {
                        rc = -EINVAL;
                        CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE, "%s: Invalid range (%llu to %llu) "
                               "for %s: rc = %d\n", sbi->ll_fsname,
                               ladvise->lla_start, ladvise->lla_end,
                               ladvise_names[advice], rc);
                        GOTO(out, rc);
                }
                break;
        }

out:
        return rc;
}
#undef ERRSIZE

/*
 * Give file access advices
 *
 * The ladvise interface is similar to Linux fadvise() system call, except it
 * forwards the advices directly from Lustre client to server. The server side
 * codes will apply appropriate read-ahead and caching techniques for the
 * corresponding files.
 *
 * A typical workload for ladvise is e.g. a bunch of different clients are
 * doing small random reads of a file, so prefetching pages into OSS cache
 * with big linear reads before the random IO is a net benefit. Fetching
 * all that data into each client cache with fadvise() may not be, due to
 * much more data being sent to the client.
 */
static int ll_ladvise(struct inode *inode, struct file *file, __u64 flags,
                      struct llapi_lu_ladvise *ladvise)
{
        struct lu_env *env;
        struct cl_io *io;
        struct cl_ladvise_io *lio;
        int rc;
        __u16 refcheck;
        ENTRY;

        env = cl_env_get(&refcheck);
        if (IS_ERR(env))
                RETURN(PTR_ERR(env));

        io = vvp_env_thread_io(env);
        io->ci_obj = ll_i2info(inode)->lli_clob;

        /* initialize parameters for ladvise */
        lio = &io->u.ci_ladvise;
        lio->li_start = ladvise->lla_start;
        lio->li_end = ladvise->lla_end;
        lio->li_fid = ll_inode2fid(inode);
        lio->li_advice = ladvise->lla_advice;
        lio->li_flags = flags;

        if (cl_io_init(env, io, CIT_LADVISE, io->ci_obj) == 0)
                rc = cl_io_loop(env, io);
        else
                rc = io->ci_result;

        cl_io_fini(env, io);
        cl_env_put(env, &refcheck);
        RETURN(rc);
}

static int ll_lock_noexpand(struct file *file, int flags)
{
        struct ll_file_data *fd = file->private_data;

        fd->ll_lock_no_expand = !(flags & LF_UNSET);

        return 0;
}

int ll_ioctl_fsgetxattr(struct inode *inode, unsigned int cmd,
                        void __user *uarg)
{
        struct fsxattr fsxattr;

        if (copy_from_user(&fsxattr, uarg, sizeof(fsxattr)))
                RETURN(-EFAULT);

        fsxattr.fsx_xflags = ll_inode_flags_to_xflags(inode->i_flags);
        if (test_bit(LLIF_PROJECT_INHERIT, &ll_i2info(inode)->lli_flags))
                fsxattr.fsx_xflags |= FS_XFLAG_PROJINHERIT;
        fsxattr.fsx_projid = ll_i2info(inode)->lli_projid;
        if (copy_to_user(uarg, &fsxattr, sizeof(fsxattr)))
                RETURN(-EFAULT);

        RETURN(0);
}

int ll_ioctl_check_project(struct inode *inode, __u32 xflags,
                           __u32 projid)
{
        /*
         * Project Quota ID state is only allowed to change from within the init
         * namespace. Enforce that restriction only if we are trying to change
         * the quota ID state. Everything else is allowed in user namespaces.
         */
        if (current_user_ns() == &init_user_ns) {
                /*
                 * Caller is allowed to change the project ID. if it is being
                 * changed, make sure that the new value is valid.
                 */
                if (ll_i2info(inode)->lli_projid != projid &&
                     !projid_valid(make_kprojid(&init_user_ns, projid)))
                        return -EINVAL;

                return 0;
        }

        if (ll_i2info(inode)->lli_projid != projid)
                return -EINVAL;

        if (test_bit(LLIF_PROJECT_INHERIT, &ll_i2info(inode)->lli_flags)) {
                if (!(xflags & FS_XFLAG_PROJINHERIT))
                        return -EINVAL;
        } else {
                if (xflags & FS_XFLAG_PROJINHERIT)
                        return -EINVAL;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int ll_set_project(struct inode *inode, __u32 xflags, __u32 projid)
{
        struct ptlrpc_request *req = NULL;
        struct md_op_data *op_data;
        struct cl_object *obj;
        unsigned int inode_flags;
        int rc = 0;

        CDEBUG(D_QUOTA, DFID" xflags=%x projid=%u\n",
               PFID(ll_inode2fid(inode)), xflags, projid);
        rc = ll_ioctl_check_project(inode, xflags, projid);
        if (rc)
                RETURN(rc);

        op_data = ll_prep_md_op_data(NULL, inode, NULL, NULL, 0, 0,
                                     LUSTRE_OPC_ANY, NULL);
        if (IS_ERR(op_data))
                RETURN(PTR_ERR(op_data));

        inode_flags = ll_xflags_to_inode_flags(xflags);
        op_data->op_attr_flags = ll_inode_to_ext_flags(inode_flags);
        if (xflags & FS_XFLAG_PROJINHERIT)
                op_data->op_attr_flags |= LUSTRE_PROJINHERIT_FL;

        /* pass projid to md_op_data */
        op_data->op_projid = projid;

        op_data->op_xvalid |= OP_XVALID_PROJID | OP_XVALID_FLAGS;
        rc = md_setattr(ll_i2sbi(inode)->ll_md_exp, op_data, NULL, 0, &req);
        ptlrpc_req_finished(req);
        if (rc)
                GOTO(out_fsxattr, rc);
        ll_update_inode_flags(inode, op_data->op_attr_flags);

        /* Avoid OST RPC if this is only ioctl setting project inherit flag */
        if (xflags == 0 || xflags == FS_XFLAG_PROJINHERIT)
                GOTO(out_fsxattr, rc);

        obj = ll_i2info(inode)->lli_clob;
        if (obj) {
                struct iattr attr = { 0 };

                rc = cl_setattr_ost(obj, &attr, OP_XVALID_FLAGS, xflags);
        }

out_fsxattr:
        ll_finish_md_op_data(op_data);
        RETURN(rc);
}

int ll_ioctl_fssetxattr(struct inode *inode, unsigned int cmd,
                        void __user *uarg)
{
        struct fsxattr fsxattr;

        ENTRY;

        if (copy_from_user(&fsxattr, uarg, sizeof(fsxattr)))
                RETURN(-EFAULT);

        RETURN(ll_set_project(inode, fsxattr.fsx_xflags,
                              fsxattr.fsx_projid));
}

int ll_ioctl_project(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, void __user *uarg)
{
        struct lu_project lu_project;
        struct dentry *dentry = file_dentry(file);
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        struct dentry *child_dentry = NULL;
        int rc = 0, name_len;

        if (copy_from_user(&lu_project, uarg, sizeof(lu_project)))
                RETURN(-EFAULT);

        /* apply child dentry if name is valid */
        name_len = strnlen(lu_project.project_name, NAME_MAX);
        if (name_len > 0 && name_len <= NAME_MAX) {
                inode_lock(inode);
                child_dentry = lookup_one_len(lu_project.project_name,
                                              dentry, name_len);
                inode_unlock(inode);
                if (IS_ERR(child_dentry)) {
                        rc = PTR_ERR(child_dentry);
                        goto out;
                }
                inode = child_dentry->d_inode;
                if (!inode) {
                        rc = -ENOENT;
                        goto out;
                }
        } else if (name_len > NAME_MAX) {
                rc = -EINVAL;
                goto out;
        }

        switch (lu_project.project_type) {
        case LU_PROJECT_SET:
                rc = ll_set_project(inode, lu_project.project_xflags,
                                    lu_project.project_id);
                break;
        case LU_PROJECT_GET:
                lu_project.project_xflags =
                                ll_inode_flags_to_xflags(inode->i_flags);
                if (test_bit(LLIF_PROJECT_INHERIT,
                             &ll_i2info(inode)->lli_flags))
                        lu_project.project_xflags |= FS_XFLAG_PROJINHERIT;
                lu_project.project_id = ll_i2info(inode)->lli_projid;
                if (copy_to_user(uarg, &lu_project, sizeof(lu_project))) {
                        rc = -EFAULT;
                        goto out;
                }
                break;
        default:
                rc = -EINVAL;
                break;
        }
out:
        if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(child_dentry))
                dput(child_dentry);
        RETURN(rc);
}

static long ll_file_unlock_lease(struct file *file, struct ll_ioc_lease *ioc,
                                 void __user *uarg)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        struct ll_file_data *fd = file->private_data;
        struct ll_inode_info *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
        struct obd_client_handle *och = NULL;
        struct split_param sp;
        struct pcc_param param;
        bool lease_broken = false;
        fmode_t fmode = 0;
        enum mds_op_bias bias = 0;
        int fdv;
        struct file *layout_file = NULL;
        void *data = NULL;
        size_t data_size = 0;
        bool attached = false;
        long rc, rc2 = 0;

        ENTRY;

        mutex_lock(&lli->lli_och_mutex);
        if (fd->fd_lease_och != NULL) {
                och = fd->fd_lease_och;
                fd->fd_lease_och = NULL;
        }
        mutex_unlock(&lli->lli_och_mutex);

        if (och == NULL)
                RETURN(-ENOLCK);

        fmode = och->och_flags;

        switch (ioc->lil_flags) {
        case LL_LEASE_RESYNC_DONE:
                if (ioc->lil_count > IOC_IDS_MAX)
                        GOTO(out_lease_close, rc = -EINVAL);

                data_size = offsetof(typeof(*ioc), lil_ids[ioc->lil_count]);
                OBD_ALLOC(data, data_size);
                if (!data)
                        GOTO(out_lease_close, rc = -ENOMEM);

                if (copy_from_user(data, uarg, data_size))
                        GOTO(out_lease_close, rc = -EFAULT);

                bias = MDS_CLOSE_RESYNC_DONE;
                break;
        case LL_LEASE_LAYOUT_MERGE: {
                if (ioc->lil_count != 1)
                        GOTO(out_lease_close, rc = -EINVAL);

                uarg += sizeof(*ioc);
                if (copy_from_user(&fdv, uarg, sizeof(__u32)))
                        GOTO(out_lease_close, rc = -EFAULT);

                layout_file = fget(fdv);
                if (!layout_file)
                        GOTO(out_lease_close, rc = -EBADF);

                if ((file->f_flags & O_ACCMODE) == O_RDONLY ||
                                (layout_file->f_flags & O_ACCMODE) == O_RDONLY)
                        GOTO(out_lease_close, rc = -EPERM);

                data = file_inode(layout_file);
                bias = MDS_CLOSE_LAYOUT_MERGE;
                break;
        }
        case LL_LEASE_LAYOUT_SPLIT: {
                int mirror_id;

                if (ioc->lil_count != 2)
                        GOTO(out_lease_close, rc = -EINVAL);

                uarg += sizeof(*ioc);
                if (copy_from_user(&fdv, uarg, sizeof(__u32)))
                        GOTO(out_lease_close, rc = -EFAULT);

                uarg += sizeof(__u32);
                if (copy_from_user(&mirror_id, uarg, sizeof(__u32)))
                        GOTO(out_lease_close, rc = -EFAULT);

                layout_file = fget(fdv);
                if (!layout_file)
                        GOTO(out_lease_close, rc = -EBADF);

                /* if layout_file == file, it means to destroy the mirror */
                sp.sp_inode = file_inode(layout_file);
                sp.sp_mirror_id = (__u16)mirror_id;
                data = &sp;
                bias = MDS_CLOSE_LAYOUT_SPLIT;
                break;
        }
        case LL_LEASE_PCC_ATTACH:
                if (ioc->lil_count != 1)
                        RETURN(-EINVAL);

                if (IS_ENCRYPTED(inode))
                        RETURN(-EOPNOTSUPP);

                uarg += sizeof(*ioc);
                if (copy_from_user(&param.pa_archive_id, uarg, sizeof(__u32)))
                        GOTO(out_lease_close, rc2 = -EFAULT);

                rc2 = pcc_readwrite_attach(file, inode, param.pa_archive_id);
                if (rc2)
                        GOTO(out_lease_close, rc2);

                attached = true;
                /* Grab latest data version */
                rc2 = ll_data_version(inode, &param.pa_data_version,
                                     LL_DV_WR_FLUSH);
                if (rc2)
                        GOTO(out_lease_close, rc2);

                data = &param;
                bias = MDS_PCC_ATTACH;
                break;
        default:
                /* without close intent */
                break;
        }

out_lease_close:
        rc = ll_lease_close_intent(och, inode, &lease_broken, bias, data);
        if (rc < 0)
                GOTO(out, rc);

        rc = ll_lease_och_release(inode, file);
        if (rc < 0)
                GOTO(out, rc);

        if (lease_broken)
                fmode = 0;
        EXIT;

out:
        if (ioc->lil_flags == LL_LEASE_RESYNC_DONE && data)
                OBD_FREE(data, data_size);

        if (layout_file)
                fput(layout_file);

        if (ioc->lil_flags == LL_LEASE_PCC_ATTACH) {
                if (!rc)
                        rc = rc2;
                rc = pcc_readwrite_attach_fini(file, inode,
                                               param.pa_layout_gen,
                                               lease_broken, rc,
                                               attached);
        }

        ll_layout_refresh(inode, &fd->fd_layout_version);

        if (!rc)
                rc = ll_lease_type_from_fmode(fmode);
        RETURN(rc);
}

static long ll_file_set_lease(struct file *file, struct ll_ioc_lease *ioc,
                              void __user *uarg)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        struct ll_inode_info *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
        struct ll_file_data *fd = file->private_data;
        struct obd_client_handle *och = NULL;
        __u64 open_flags = 0;
        bool lease_broken;
        fmode_t fmode;
        long rc;
        ENTRY;

        switch (ioc->lil_mode) {
        case LL_LEASE_WRLCK:
                if (!(file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE))
                        RETURN(-EPERM);
                fmode = FMODE_WRITE;
                break;
        case LL_LEASE_RDLCK:
                if (!(file->f_mode & FMODE_READ))
                        RETURN(-EPERM);
                fmode = FMODE_READ;
                break;
        case LL_LEASE_UNLCK:
                RETURN(ll_file_unlock_lease(file, ioc, uarg));
        default:
                RETURN(-EINVAL);
        }

        CDEBUG(D_INODE, "Set lease with mode %u\n", fmode);

        /* apply for lease */
        if (ioc->lil_flags & LL_LEASE_RESYNC)
                open_flags = MDS_OPEN_RESYNC;
        och = ll_lease_open(inode, file, fmode, open_flags);
        if (IS_ERR(och))
                RETURN(PTR_ERR(och));

        if (ioc->lil_flags & LL_LEASE_RESYNC) {
                rc = ll_lease_file_resync(och, inode, uarg);
                if (rc) {
                        ll_lease_close(och, inode, NULL);
                        RETURN(rc);
                }
                rc = ll_layout_refresh(inode, &fd->fd_layout_version);
                if (rc) {
                        ll_lease_close(och, inode, NULL);
                        RETURN(rc);
                }
        }

        rc = 0;
        mutex_lock(&lli->lli_och_mutex);
        if (fd->fd_lease_och == NULL) {
                fd->fd_lease_och = och;
                och = NULL;
        }
        mutex_unlock(&lli->lli_och_mutex);
        if (och != NULL) {
                /* impossible now that only excl is supported for now */
                ll_lease_close(och, inode, &lease_broken);
                rc = -EBUSY;
        }
        RETURN(rc);
}

static void ll_heat_get(struct inode *inode, struct lu_heat *heat)
{
        struct ll_inode_info *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
        struct ll_sb_info *sbi = ll_i2sbi(inode);
        __u64 now = ktime_get_real_seconds();
        int i;

        spin_lock(&lli->lli_heat_lock);
        heat->lh_flags = lli->lli_heat_flags;
        for (i = 0; i < heat->lh_count; i++)
                heat->lh_heat[i] = obd_heat_get(&lli->lli_heat_instances[i],
                                                now, sbi->ll_heat_decay_weight,
                                                sbi->ll_heat_period_second);
        spin_unlock(&lli->lli_heat_lock);
}

static int ll_heat_set(struct inode *inode, enum lu_heat_flag flags)
{
        struct ll_inode_info *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
        int rc = 0;

        spin_lock(&lli->lli_heat_lock);
        if (flags & LU_HEAT_FLAG_CLEAR)
                obd_heat_clear(lli->lli_heat_instances, OBD_HEAT_COUNT);

        if (flags & LU_HEAT_FLAG_OFF)
                lli->lli_heat_flags |= LU_HEAT_FLAG_OFF;
        else
                lli->lli_heat_flags &= ~LU_HEAT_FLAG_OFF;

        spin_unlock(&lli->lli_heat_lock);

        RETURN(rc);
}

static long
ll_file_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        struct ll_file_data *fd = file->private_data;
        void __user *uarg = (void __user *)arg;
        int flags, rc;
        ENTRY;

        CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE|D_IOCTL, "VFS Op:inode="DFID"(%pK) cmd=%x arg=%lx\n",
               PFID(ll_inode2fid(inode)), inode, cmd, arg);
        ll_stats_ops_tally(ll_i2sbi(inode), LPROC_LL_IOCTL, 1);

        /* asm-ppc{,64} declares TCGETS, et. al. as type 't' not 'T' */
        if (_IOC_TYPE(cmd) == 'T' || _IOC_TYPE(cmd) == 't') /* tty ioctls */
                RETURN(-ENOTTY);

        switch (cmd) {
        case LL_IOC_GETFLAGS:
                /* Get the current value of the file flags */
                return put_user(fd->fd_flags, (int __user *)arg);
        case LL_IOC_SETFLAGS:
        case LL_IOC_CLRFLAGS:
                /* Set or clear specific file flags */
                /* XXX This probably needs checks to ensure the flags are
                 *     not abused, and to handle any flag side effects.
                 */
                if (get_user(flags, (int __user *)arg))
                        RETURN(-EFAULT);

                if (cmd == LL_IOC_SETFLAGS) {
                        if ((flags & LL_FILE_IGNORE_LOCK) &&
                            !(file->f_flags & O_DIRECT)) {
                                rc = -EINVAL;
                                CERROR("%s: unable to disable locking on non-O_DIRECT file "DFID": rc = %d\n",
                                       current->comm, PFID(ll_inode2fid(inode)),
                                       rc);
                                RETURN(rc);
                        }

                        fd->fd_flags |= flags;
                } else {
                        fd->fd_flags &= ~flags;
                }
                RETURN(0);
        case LL_IOC_LOV_SETSTRIPE:
        case LL_IOC_LOV_SETSTRIPE_NEW:
                RETURN(ll_lov_setstripe(inode, file, uarg));
        case LL_IOC_LOV_SETEA:
                RETURN(ll_lov_setea(inode, file, uarg));
        case LL_IOC_LOV_SWAP_LAYOUTS: {
                struct file *file2;
                struct lustre_swap_layouts lsl;

                if (copy_from_user(&lsl, uarg, sizeof(lsl)))
                        RETURN(-EFAULT);

                if ((file->f_flags & O_ACCMODE) == O_RDONLY)
                        RETURN(-EPERM);

                file2 = fget(lsl.sl_fd);
                if (file2 == NULL)
                        RETURN(-EBADF);

                /* O_WRONLY or O_RDWR */
                if ((file2->f_flags & O_ACCMODE) == O_RDONLY)
                        GOTO(out, rc = -EPERM);

                if (lsl.sl_flags & SWAP_LAYOUTS_CLOSE) {
                        struct obd_client_handle *och = NULL;
                        struct ll_inode_info *lli;
                        struct inode *inode2;

                        lli = ll_i2info(inode);
                        mutex_lock(&lli->lli_och_mutex);
                        if (fd->fd_lease_och != NULL) {
                                och = fd->fd_lease_och;
                                fd->fd_lease_och = NULL;
                        }
                        mutex_unlock(&lli->lli_och_mutex);
                        if (och == NULL)
                                GOTO(out, rc = -ENOLCK);
                        inode2 = file_inode(file2);
                        rc = ll_swap_layouts_close(och, inode, inode2);
                } else {
                        rc = ll_swap_layouts(file, file2, &lsl);
                }
out:
                fput(file2);
                RETURN(rc);
        }
        case LL_IOC_LOV_GETSTRIPE:
        case LL_IOC_LOV_GETSTRIPE_NEW:
                RETURN(ll_file_getstripe(inode, uarg, 0));
        case LL_IOC_GROUP_LOCK:
                RETURN(ll_get_grouplock(inode, file, arg));
        case LL_IOC_GROUP_UNLOCK:
                RETURN(ll_put_grouplock(inode, file, arg));
        case LL_IOC_DATA_VERSION: {
                struct ioc_data_version idv;
                int rc;

                if (copy_from_user(&idv, uarg, sizeof(idv)))
                        RETURN(-EFAULT);

                idv.idv_flags &= LL_DV_RD_FLUSH | LL_DV_WR_FLUSH;
                rc = ll_ioc_data_version(inode, &idv);

                if (rc == 0 && copy_to_user(uarg, &idv, sizeof(idv)))
                        RETURN(-EFAULT);

                RETURN(rc);
        }
        case LL_IOC_HSM_STATE_GET: {
                struct md_op_data *op_data;
                struct hsm_user_state *hus;
                int rc;

                OBD_ALLOC_PTR(hus);
                if (hus == NULL)
                        RETURN(-ENOMEM);

                op_data = ll_prep_md_op_data(NULL, inode, NULL, NULL, 0, 0,
                                             LUSTRE_OPC_ANY, hus);
                if (IS_ERR(op_data)) {
                        OBD_FREE_PTR(hus);
                        RETURN(PTR_ERR(op_data));
                }

                rc = obd_iocontrol(cmd, ll_i2mdexp(inode), sizeof(*op_data),
                                   op_data, NULL);

                if (copy_to_user(uarg, hus, sizeof(*hus)))
                        rc = -EFAULT;

                ll_finish_md_op_data(op_data);
                OBD_FREE_PTR(hus);
                RETURN(rc);
        }
        case LL_IOC_HSM_STATE_SET: {
                struct hsm_state_set *hss;
                int rc;

                OBD_ALLOC_PTR(hss);
                if (hss == NULL)
                        RETURN(-ENOMEM);

                if (copy_from_user(hss, uarg, sizeof(*hss))) {
                        OBD_FREE_PTR(hss);
                        RETURN(-EFAULT);
                }

                rc = ll_hsm_state_set(inode, hss);

                OBD_FREE_PTR(hss);
                RETURN(rc);
        }
        case LL_IOC_HSM_ACTION: {
                struct md_op_data *op_data;
                struct hsm_current_action *hca;
                const char *action;
                int rc;

                OBD_ALLOC_PTR(hca);
                if (hca == NULL)
                        RETURN(-ENOMEM);

                op_data = ll_prep_md_op_data(NULL, inode, NULL, NULL, 0, 0,
                                             LUSTRE_OPC_ANY, hca);
                if (IS_ERR(op_data)) {
                        OBD_FREE_PTR(hca);
                        RETURN(PTR_ERR(op_data));
                }

                rc = obd_iocontrol(cmd, ll_i2mdexp(inode), sizeof(*op_data),
                                   op_data, NULL);
                if (rc < 0)
                        GOTO(skip_copy, rc);

                /* The hsm_current_action retreived from the server could
                 * contain corrupt information. If it is incorrect data collect
                 * debug information. We still send the data even if incorrect
                 * to user land to handle.
                 */
                action = hsm_user_action2name(hca->hca_action);
                if (strcmp(action, "UNKNOWN") == 0 ||
                    hca->hca_state > HPS_DONE) {
                        CDEBUG(D_HSM,
                               "HSM current state %s action %s, offset = %llu, length %llu\n",
                               hsm_progress_state2name(hca->hca_state), action,
                               hca->hca_location.offset, hca->hca_location.length);
                }

                if (copy_to_user(uarg, hca, sizeof(*hca)))
                        rc = -EFAULT;
skip_copy:
                ll_finish_md_op_data(op_data);
                OBD_FREE_PTR(hca);
                RETURN(rc);
        }
        case LL_IOC_SET_LEASE_OLD: {
                struct ll_ioc_lease ioc = { .lil_mode = arg };

                RETURN(ll_file_set_lease(file, &ioc, 0));
        }
        case LL_IOC_SET_LEASE: {
                struct ll_ioc_lease ioc;

                if (copy_from_user(&ioc, uarg, sizeof(ioc)))
                        RETURN(-EFAULT);

                RETURN(ll_file_set_lease(file, &ioc, uarg));
        }
        case LL_IOC_GET_LEASE: {
                struct ll_inode_info *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
                struct ldlm_lock *lock = NULL;
                fmode_t fmode = 0;

                mutex_lock(&lli->lli_och_mutex);
                if (fd->fd_lease_och != NULL) {
                        struct obd_client_handle *och = fd->fd_lease_och;

                        lock = ldlm_handle2lock(&och->och_lease_handle);
                        if (lock != NULL) {
                                lock_res_and_lock(lock);
                                if (!ldlm_is_cancel(lock))
                                        fmode = och->och_flags;

                                unlock_res_and_lock(lock);
                                LDLM_LOCK_PUT(lock);
                        }
                }
                mutex_unlock(&lli->lli_och_mutex);

                RETURN(ll_lease_type_from_fmode(fmode));
        }
        case LL_IOC_HSM_IMPORT: {
                struct hsm_user_import *hui;

                OBD_ALLOC_PTR(hui);
                if (hui == NULL)
                        RETURN(-ENOMEM);

                if (copy_from_user(hui, uarg, sizeof(*hui))) {
                        OBD_FREE_PTR(hui);
                        RETURN(-EFAULT);
                }

                rc = ll_hsm_import(inode, file, hui);

                OBD_FREE_PTR(hui);
                RETURN(rc);
        }
        case LL_IOC_FUTIMES_3: {
                struct ll_futimes_3 lfu;

                if (copy_from_user(&lfu, uarg, sizeof(lfu)))
                        RETURN(-EFAULT);

                RETURN(ll_file_futimes_3(file, &lfu));
        }
        case LL_IOC_LADVISE: {
                struct llapi_ladvise_hdr *k_ladvise_hdr;
                struct llapi_ladvise_hdr __user *u_ladvise_hdr;
                int i;
                int num_advise;
                int alloc_size = sizeof(*k_ladvise_hdr);

                rc = 0;
                u_ladvise_hdr = uarg;
                OBD_ALLOC_PTR(k_ladvise_hdr);
                if (k_ladvise_hdr == NULL)
                        RETURN(-ENOMEM);

                if (copy_from_user(k_ladvise_hdr, u_ladvise_hdr, alloc_size))
                        GOTO(out_ladvise, rc = -EFAULT);

                if (k_ladvise_hdr->lah_magic != LADVISE_MAGIC ||
                    k_ladvise_hdr->lah_count < 1)
                        GOTO(out_ladvise, rc = -EINVAL);

                num_advise = k_ladvise_hdr->lah_count;
                if (num_advise >= LAH_COUNT_MAX)
                        GOTO(out_ladvise, rc = -EFBIG);

                OBD_FREE_PTR(k_ladvise_hdr);
                alloc_size = offsetof(typeof(*k_ladvise_hdr),
                                      lah_advise[num_advise]);
                OBD_ALLOC(k_ladvise_hdr, alloc_size);
                if (k_ladvise_hdr == NULL)
                        RETURN(-ENOMEM);

                /*
                 * TODO: submit multiple advices to one server in a single RPC
                 */
                if (copy_from_user(k_ladvise_hdr, u_ladvise_hdr, alloc_size))
                        GOTO(out_ladvise, rc = -EFAULT);

                for (i = 0; i < num_advise; i++) {
                        struct llapi_lu_ladvise *k_ladvise =
                                        &k_ladvise_hdr->lah_advise[i];
                        struct llapi_lu_ladvise __user *u_ladvise =
                                        &u_ladvise_hdr->lah_advise[i];

                        rc = ll_ladvise_sanity(inode, k_ladvise);
                        if (rc)
                                GOTO(out_ladvise, rc);

                        switch (k_ladvise->lla_advice) {
                        case LU_LADVISE_LOCKNOEXPAND:
                                rc = ll_lock_noexpand(file,
                                               k_ladvise->lla_peradvice_flags);
                                GOTO(out_ladvise, rc);
                        case LU_LADVISE_LOCKAHEAD:

                                rc = ll_file_lock_ahead(file, k_ladvise);

                                if (rc < 0)
                                        GOTO(out_ladvise, rc);

                                if (put_user(rc,
                                             &u_ladvise->lla_lockahead_result))
                                        GOTO(out_ladvise, rc = -EFAULT);
                                break;
                        default:
                                rc = ll_ladvise(inode, file,
                                                k_ladvise_hdr->lah_flags,
                                                k_ladvise);
                                if (rc)
                                        GOTO(out_ladvise, rc);
                                break;
                        }

                }

out_ladvise:
                OBD_FREE(k_ladvise_hdr, alloc_size);
                RETURN(rc);
        }
        case LL_IOC_FLR_SET_MIRROR: {
                /* mirror I/O must be direct to avoid polluting page cache
                 * by stale data. */
                if (!(file->f_flags & O_DIRECT))
                        RETURN(-EINVAL);

                fd->fd_designated_mirror = arg;
                RETURN(0);
        }
        case LL_IOC_HEAT_GET: {
                struct lu_heat uheat;
                struct lu_heat *heat;
                int size;

                if (copy_from_user(&uheat, uarg, sizeof(uheat)))
                        RETURN(-EFAULT);

                if (uheat.lh_count > OBD_HEAT_COUNT)
                        uheat.lh_count = OBD_HEAT_COUNT;

                size = offsetof(typeof(uheat), lh_heat[uheat.lh_count]);
                OBD_ALLOC(heat, size);
                if (heat == NULL)
                        RETURN(-ENOMEM);

                heat->lh_count = uheat.lh_count;
                ll_heat_get(inode, heat);
                rc = copy_to_user(uarg, heat, size);
                OBD_FREE(heat, size);
                RETURN(rc ? -EFAULT : 0);
        }
        case LL_IOC_HEAT_SET: {
                __u64 flags;

                if (copy_from_user(&flags, uarg, sizeof(flags)))
                        RETURN(-EFAULT);

                rc = ll_heat_set(inode, flags);
                RETURN(rc);
        }
        case LL_IOC_PCC_DETACH: {
                struct lu_pcc_detach *detach;

                OBD_ALLOC_PTR(detach);
                if (detach == NULL)
                        RETURN(-ENOMEM);

                if (copy_from_user(detach, uarg, sizeof(*detach)))
                        GOTO(out_detach_free, rc = -EFAULT);

                if (!S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
                        GOTO(out_detach_free, rc = -EINVAL);

                if (!inode_owner_or_capable(&init_user_ns, inode))
                        GOTO(out_detach_free, rc = -EPERM);

                rc = pcc_ioctl_detach(inode, detach->pccd_opt);
out_detach_free:
                OBD_FREE_PTR(detach);
                RETURN(rc);
        }
        case LL_IOC_PCC_STATE: {
                struct lu_pcc_state __user *ustate = uarg;
                struct lu_pcc_state *state;

                OBD_ALLOC_PTR(state);
                if (state == NULL)
                        RETURN(-ENOMEM);

                if (copy_from_user(state, ustate, sizeof(*state)))
                        GOTO(out_state, rc = -EFAULT);

                rc = pcc_ioctl_state(file, inode, state);
                if (rc)
                        GOTO(out_state, rc);

                if (copy_to_user(ustate, state, sizeof(*state)))
                        GOTO(out_state, rc = -EFAULT);

out_state:
                OBD_FREE_PTR(state);
                RETURN(rc);
        }
        default:
                rc = ll_iocontrol(inode, file, cmd, uarg);
                if (rc != -ENOTTY)
                        RETURN(rc);
                RETURN(obd_iocontrol(cmd, ll_i2dtexp(inode), 0, NULL, uarg));
        }
}

loff_t ll_lseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        struct lu_env *env;
        struct cl_io *io;
        struct cl_lseek_io *lsio;
        __u16 refcheck;
        int rc;
        loff_t retval;

        ENTRY;

        env = cl_env_get(&refcheck);
        if (IS_ERR(env))
                RETURN(PTR_ERR(env));

        io = vvp_env_thread_io(env);
        io->ci_obj = ll_i2info(inode)->lli_clob;
        ll_io_set_mirror(io, file);

        lsio = &io->u.ci_lseek;
        lsio->ls_start = offset;
        lsio->ls_whence = whence;
        lsio->ls_result = -ENXIO;

        do {
                rc = cl_io_init(env, io, CIT_LSEEK, io->ci_obj);
                if (!rc) {
                        struct vvp_io *vio = vvp_env_io(env);

                        vio->vui_fd = file->private_data;
                        rc = cl_io_loop(env, io);
                } else {
                        rc = io->ci_result;
                }
                retval = rc ? : lsio->ls_result;
                cl_io_fini(env, io);
        } while (unlikely(io->ci_need_restart));

        cl_env_put(env, &refcheck);

        /* Without the key, SEEK_HOLE return value has to be
         * rounded up to next LUSTRE_ENCRYPTION_UNIT_SIZE.
         */
        if (llcrypt_require_key(inode) == -ENOKEY && whence == SEEK_HOLE)
                retval = round_up(retval, LUSTRE_ENCRYPTION_UNIT_SIZE);

        RETURN(retval);
}

static loff_t ll_file_seek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int origin)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        loff_t retval = offset, eof = 0;
        ktime_t kstart = ktime_get();

        ENTRY;

        CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE, "VFS Op:inode="DFID"(%p), to=%llu=%#llx(%d)\n",
               PFID(ll_inode2fid(inode)), inode, retval, retval,
               origin);

        if (origin == SEEK_END) {
                retval = ll_glimpse_size(inode);
                if (retval != 0)
                        RETURN(retval);
                eof = i_size_read(inode);
        }

        if (origin == SEEK_HOLE || origin == SEEK_DATA) {
                if (offset < 0)
                        return -ENXIO;

                /* flush local cache first if any */
                cl_sync_file_range(inode, offset, OBD_OBJECT_EOF,
                                   CL_FSYNC_LOCAL, 0);

                retval = ll_lseek(file, offset, origin);
                if (retval < 0)
                        return retval;
                retval = vfs_setpos(file, retval, ll_file_maxbytes(inode));
        } else {
                retval = generic_file_llseek_size(file, offset, origin,
                                                  ll_file_maxbytes(inode), eof);
        }
        if (retval >= 0)
                ll_stats_ops_tally(ll_i2sbi(inode), LPROC_LL_LLSEEK,
                                   ktime_us_delta(ktime_get(), kstart));
        RETURN(retval);
}

static int ll_flush(struct file *file, fl_owner_t id)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        struct ll_inode_info *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
        struct ll_file_data *fd = file->private_data;
        int rc, err;

        LASSERT(!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode));

        /* catch async errors that were recorded back when async writeback
         * failed for pages in this mapping. */
        rc = lli->lli_async_rc;
        lli->lli_async_rc = 0;
        if (lli->lli_clob != NULL) {
                err = lov_read_and_clear_async_rc(lli->lli_clob);
                if (rc == 0)
                        rc = err;
        }

        /* The application has been told write failure already.
         * Do not report failure again. */
        if (fd->fd_write_failed)
                return 0;
        return rc ? -EIO : 0;
}

/**
 * Called to make sure a portion of file has been written out.
 * if @mode is not CL_FSYNC_LOCAL, it will send OST_SYNC RPCs to OST.
 *
 * Return how many pages have been written.
 */
int cl_sync_file_range(struct inode *inode, loff_t start, loff_t end,
                       enum cl_fsync_mode mode, int ignore_layout)
{
        struct lu_env *env;
        struct cl_io *io;
        struct cl_fsync_io *fio;
        int result;
        __u16 refcheck;
        ENTRY;

        if (mode != CL_FSYNC_NONE && mode != CL_FSYNC_LOCAL &&
            mode != CL_FSYNC_DISCARD && mode != CL_FSYNC_ALL)
                RETURN(-EINVAL);

        env = cl_env_get(&refcheck);
        if (IS_ERR(env))
                RETURN(PTR_ERR(env));

        io = vvp_env_thread_io(env);
        io->ci_obj = ll_i2info(inode)->lli_clob;
        io->ci_ignore_layout = ignore_layout;

        /* initialize parameters for sync */
        fio = &io->u.ci_fsync;
        fio->fi_start = start;
        fio->fi_end = end;
        fio->fi_fid = ll_inode2fid(inode);
        fio->fi_mode = mode;
        fio->fi_nr_written = 0;

        if (cl_io_init(env, io, CIT_FSYNC, io->ci_obj) == 0)
                result = cl_io_loop(env, io);
        else
                result = io->ci_result;
        if (result == 0)
                result = fio->fi_nr_written;
        cl_io_fini(env, io);
        cl_env_put(env, &refcheck);

        RETURN(result);
}

/*
 * When dentry is provided (the 'else' case), file_dentry() may be
 * null and dentry must be used directly rather than pulled from
 * file_dentry() as is done otherwise.
 */

int ll_fsync(struct file *file, loff_t start, loff_t end, int datasync)
{
        struct dentry *dentry = file_dentry(file);
        struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
        struct ll_inode_info *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
        struct ptlrpc_request *req;
        ktime_t kstart = ktime_get();
        int rc, err;

        ENTRY;

        CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE,
               "VFS Op:inode="DFID"(%p), start %lld, end %lld, datasync %d\n",
               PFID(ll_inode2fid(inode)), inode, start, end, datasync);

        /* fsync's caller has already called _fdata{sync,write}, we want
         * that IO to finish before calling the osc and mdc sync methods */
        rc = filemap_write_and_wait_range(inode->i_mapping, start, end);

        /* catch async errors that were recorded back when async writeback
         * failed for pages in this mapping. */
        if (!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode)) {
                err = lli->lli_async_rc;
                lli->lli_async_rc = 0;
                if (rc == 0)
                        rc = err;
                if (lli->lli_clob != NULL) {
                        err = lov_read_and_clear_async_rc(lli->lli_clob);
                        if (rc == 0)
                                rc = err;
                }
        }

        if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) && !lli->lli_synced_to_mds) {
                /*
                 * only the first sync on MDS makes sense,
                 * everything else is stored on OSTs
                 */
                err = md_fsync(ll_i2sbi(inode)->ll_md_exp,
                               ll_inode2fid(inode), &req);
                if (!rc)
                        rc = err;
                if (!err) {
                        lli->lli_synced_to_mds = true;
                        ptlrpc_req_finished(req);
                }
        }

        if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode)) {
                struct ll_file_data *fd = file->private_data;
                bool cached;

                /* Sync metadata on MDT first, and then sync the cached data
                 * on PCC.
                 */
                err = pcc_fsync(file, start, end, datasync, &cached);
                if (!cached)
                        err = cl_sync_file_range(inode, start, end,
                                                 CL_FSYNC_ALL, 0);
                if (rc == 0 && err < 0)
                        rc = err;
                if (rc < 0)
                        fd->fd_write_failed = true;
                else
                        fd->fd_write_failed = false;
        }

        if (!rc)
                ll_stats_ops_tally(ll_i2sbi(inode), LPROC_LL_FSYNC,
                                   ktime_us_delta(ktime_get(), kstart));
        RETURN(rc);
}

static int
ll_file_flock(struct file *file, int cmd, struct file_lock *file_lock)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        struct ll_sb_info *sbi = ll_i2sbi(inode);
        struct ldlm_enqueue_info einfo = {
                .ei_type        = LDLM_FLOCK,
                .ei_cb_cp       = ldlm_flock_completion_ast,
                .ei_cbdata      = file_lock,
        };
        struct md_op_data *op_data;
        struct lustre_handle lockh = { 0 };
        union ldlm_policy_data flock = { { 0 } };
        int fl_type = file_lock->fl_type;
        ktime_t kstart = ktime_get();
        __u64 flags = 0;
        int rc;
        int rc2 = 0;
        ENTRY;

        CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE, "VFS Op:inode="DFID" file_lock=%p\n",
               PFID(ll_inode2fid(inode)), file_lock);

        if (file_lock->fl_flags & FL_FLOCK) {
                LASSERT((cmd == F_SETLKW) || (cmd == F_SETLK));
                /* flocks are whole-file locks */
                flock.l_flock.end = OFFSET_MAX;
                /* For flocks owner is determined by the local file desctiptor*/
                flock.l_flock.owner = (unsigned long)file_lock->fl_file;
        } else if (file_lock->fl_flags & FL_POSIX) {
                flock.l_flock.owner = (unsigned long)file_lock->fl_owner;
                flock.l_flock.start = file_lock->fl_start;
                flock.l_flock.end = file_lock->fl_end;
        } else {
                RETURN(-EINVAL);
        }
        flock.l_flock.pid = file_lock->fl_pid;

#if defined(HAVE_LM_COMPARE_OWNER) || defined(lm_compare_owner)
        /* Somewhat ugly workaround for svc lockd.
         * lockd installs custom fl_lmops->lm_compare_owner that checks
         * for the fl_owner to be the same (which it always is on local node
         * I guess between lockd processes) and then compares pid.
         * As such we assign pid to the owner field to make it all work,
         * conflict with normal locks is unlikely since pid space and
         * pointer space for current->files are not intersecting */
        if (file_lock->fl_lmops && file_lock->fl_lmops->lm_compare_owner)
                flock.l_flock.owner = (unsigned long)file_lock->fl_pid;
#endif

        switch (fl_type) {
        case F_RDLCK:
                einfo.ei_mode = LCK_PR;
                break;
        case F_UNLCK:
                /* An unlock request may or may not have any relation to
                 * existing locks so we may not be able to pass a lock handle
                 * via a normal ldlm_lock_cancel() request. The request may even
                 * unlock a byte range in the middle of an existing lock. In
                 * order to process an unlock request we need all of the same
                 * information that is given with a normal read or write record
                 * lock request. To avoid creating another ldlm unlock (cancel)
                 * message we'll treat a LCK_NL flock request as an unlock. */
                einfo.ei_mode = LCK_NL;
                break;
        case F_WRLCK:
                einfo.ei_mode = LCK_PW;
                break;
        default:
                rc = -EINVAL;
                CERROR("%s: fcntl from '%s' unknown lock type=%d: rc = %d\n",
                       sbi->ll_fsname, current->comm, fl_type, rc);
                RETURN(rc);
        }

        switch (cmd) {
        case F_SETLKW:
#ifdef F_SETLKW64
        case F_SETLKW64:
#endif
                flags = 0;
                break;
        case F_SETLK:
#ifdef F_SETLK64
        case F_SETLK64:
#endif
                flags = LDLM_FL_BLOCK_NOWAIT;
                break;
        case F_GETLK:
#ifdef F_GETLK64
        case F_GETLK64:
#endif
                flags = LDLM_FL_TEST_LOCK;
                break;
        default:
                rc = -EINVAL;
                CERROR("%s: fcntl from '%s' unknown lock command=%d: rc = %d\n",
                       sbi->ll_fsname, current->comm, cmd, rc);
                RETURN(rc);
        }

        /* Save the old mode so that if the mode in the lock changes we
         * can decrement the appropriate reader or writer refcount. */
        file_lock->fl_type = einfo.ei_mode;

        op_data = ll_prep_md_op_data(NULL, inode, NULL, NULL, 0, 0,
                                     LUSTRE_OPC_ANY, NULL);
        if (IS_ERR(op_data))
                RETURN(PTR_ERR(op_data));

        CDEBUG(D_DLMTRACE, "inode="DFID", pid=%u, flags=%#llx, mode=%u, "
               "start=%llu, end=%llu\n", PFID(ll_inode2fid(inode)),
               flock.l_flock.pid, flags, einfo.ei_mode,
               flock.l_flock.start, flock.l_flock.end);

        rc = md_enqueue(sbi->ll_md_exp, &einfo, &flock, op_data, &lockh,
                        flags);

        /* Restore the file lock type if not TEST lock. */
        if (!(flags & LDLM_FL_TEST_LOCK))
                file_lock->fl_type = fl_type;

#ifdef HAVE_LOCKS_LOCK_FILE_WAIT
        if ((rc == 0 || file_lock->fl_type == F_UNLCK) &&
            !(flags & LDLM_FL_TEST_LOCK))
                rc2  = locks_lock_file_wait(file, file_lock);
#else
        if ((file_lock->fl_flags & FL_FLOCK) &&
            (rc == 0 || file_lock->fl_type == F_UNLCK))
                rc2  = flock_lock_file_wait(file, file_lock);
        if ((file_lock->fl_flags & FL_POSIX) &&
            (rc == 0 || file_lock->fl_type == F_UNLCK) &&
            !(flags & LDLM_FL_TEST_LOCK))
                rc2  = posix_lock_file_wait(file, file_lock);
#endif /* HAVE_LOCKS_LOCK_FILE_WAIT */

        if (rc2 && file_lock->fl_type != F_UNLCK) {
                einfo.ei_mode = LCK_NL;
                md_enqueue(sbi->ll_md_exp, &einfo, &flock, op_data,
                           &lockh, flags);
                rc = rc2;
        }

        ll_finish_md_op_data(op_data);

        if (!rc)
                ll_stats_ops_tally(ll_i2sbi(inode), LPROC_LL_FLOCK,
                                   ktime_us_delta(ktime_get(), kstart));
        RETURN(rc);
}

int ll_get_fid_by_name(struct inode *parent, const char *name,
                       int namelen, struct lu_fid *fid,
                       struct inode **inode)
{
        struct md_op_data *op_data = NULL;
        struct mdt_body *body;
        struct ptlrpc_request *req;
        int rc;
        ENTRY;

        op_data = ll_prep_md_op_data(NULL, parent, NULL, name, namelen, 0,
                                     LUSTRE_OPC_ANY, NULL);
        if (IS_ERR(op_data))
                RETURN(PTR_ERR(op_data));

        op_data->op_valid = OBD_MD_FLID | OBD_MD_FLTYPE;
        rc = md_getattr_name(ll_i2sbi(parent)->ll_md_exp, op_data, &req);
        ll_finish_md_op_data(op_data);
        if (rc < 0)
                RETURN(rc);

        body = req_capsule_server_get(&req->rq_pill, &RMF_MDT_BODY);
        if (body == NULL)
                GOTO(out_req, rc = -EFAULT);
        if (fid != NULL)
                *fid = body->mbo_fid1;

        if (inode != NULL)
                rc = ll_prep_inode(inode, &req->rq_pill, parent->i_sb, NULL);
out_req:
        ptlrpc_req_finished(req);
        RETURN(rc);
}

int ll_migrate(struct inode *parent, struct file *file, struct lmv_user_md *lum,
               const char *name, __u32 flags)
{
        struct dentry *dchild = NULL;
        struct inode *child_inode = NULL;
        struct md_op_data *op_data;
        struct ptlrpc_request *request = NULL;
        struct obd_client_handle *och = NULL;
        struct qstr qstr;
        struct mdt_body *body;
        __u64 data_version = 0;
        size_t namelen = strlen(name);
        int lumlen = lmv_user_md_size(lum->lum_stripe_count, lum->lum_magic);
        int rc;
        ENTRY;

        CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE, "migrate "DFID"/%s to MDT%04x stripe count %d\n",
               PFID(ll_inode2fid(parent)), name,
               lum->lum_stripe_offset, lum->lum_stripe_count);

        if (lum->lum_magic != cpu_to_le32(LMV_USER_MAGIC) &&
            lum->lum_magic != cpu_to_le32(LMV_USER_MAGIC_SPECIFIC))
                lustre_swab_lmv_user_md(lum);

        /* Get child FID first */
        qstr.hash = ll_full_name_hash(file_dentry(file), name, namelen);
        qstr.name = name;
        qstr.len = namelen;
        dchild = d_lookup(file_dentry(file), &qstr);
        if (dchild) {
                if (dchild->d_inode)
                        child_inode = igrab(dchild->d_inode);
                dput(dchild);
        }

        if (!child_inode) {
                rc = ll_get_fid_by_name(parent, name, namelen, NULL,
                                        &child_inode);
                if (rc)
                        RETURN(rc);
        }

        if (!child_inode)
                RETURN(-ENOENT);

        if (!(exp_connect_flags2(ll_i2sbi(parent)->ll_md_exp) &
              OBD_CONNECT2_DIR_MIGRATE)) {
                if (le32_to_cpu(lum->lum_stripe_count) > 1 ||
                    ll_dir_striped(child_inode)) {
                        CERROR("%s: MDT doesn't support stripe directory "
                               "migration!\n", ll_i2sbi(parent)->ll_fsname);
                        GOTO(out_iput, rc = -EOPNOTSUPP);
                }
        }

        /*
         * lfs migrate command needs to be blocked on the client
         * by checking the migrate FID against the FID of the
         * filesystem root.
         */
        if (is_root_inode(child_inode))
                GOTO(out_iput, rc = -EINVAL);

        op_data = ll_prep_md_op_data(NULL, parent, NULL, name, namelen,
                                     child_inode->i_mode, LUSTRE_OPC_ANY, NULL);
        if (IS_ERR(op_data))
                GOTO(out_iput, rc = PTR_ERR(op_data));

        inode_lock(child_inode);
        op_data->op_fid3 = *ll_inode2fid(child_inode);
        if (!fid_is_sane(&op_data->op_fid3)) {
                CERROR("%s: migrate %s, but FID "DFID" is insane\n",
                       ll_i2sbi(parent)->ll_fsname, name,
                       PFID(&op_data->op_fid3));
                GOTO(out_unlock, rc = -EINVAL);
        }

        op_data->op_cli_flags |= CLI_MIGRATE | CLI_SET_MEA;
        op_data->op_data = lum;
        op_data->op_data_size = lumlen;

        /* migrate dirent only for subdirs if MDS_MIGRATE_NSONLY set */
        if (S_ISDIR(child_inode->i_mode) && (flags & MDS_MIGRATE_NSONLY) &&
            lmv_dir_layout_changing(ll_i2info(parent)->lli_lsm_md))
                op_data->op_bias |= MDS_MIGRATE_NSONLY;

again:
        if (S_ISREG(child_inode->i_mode)) {
                och = ll_lease_open(child_inode, NULL, FMODE_WRITE, 0);
                if (IS_ERR(och)) {
                        rc = PTR_ERR(och);
                        och = NULL;
                        GOTO(out_unlock, rc);
                }

                rc = ll_data_version(child_inode, &data_version,
                                     LL_DV_WR_FLUSH);
                if (rc != 0)
                        GOTO(out_close, rc);

                op_data->op_open_handle = och->och_open_handle;
                op_data->op_data_version = data_version;
                op_data->op_lease_handle = och->och_lease_handle;
                op_data->op_bias |= MDS_CLOSE_MIGRATE;

                spin_lock(&och->och_mod->mod_open_req->rq_lock);
                och->och_mod->mod_open_req->rq_replay = 0;
                spin_unlock(&och->och_mod->mod_open_req->rq_lock);
        }

        rc = md_rename(ll_i2sbi(parent)->ll_md_exp, op_data,
                       op_data->op_name, op_data->op_namelen,
                       op_data->op_name, op_data->op_namelen, &request);
        if (rc == 0) {
                LASSERT(request != NULL);
                ll_update_times(request, parent);
        }

        if (rc == 0 || rc == -EAGAIN) {
                body = req_capsule_server_get(&request->rq_pill, &RMF_MDT_BODY);
                LASSERT(body != NULL);

                /* If the server does release layout lock, then we cleanup
                 * the client och here, otherwise release it in out_close: */
                if (och && body->mbo_valid & OBD_MD_CLOSE_INTENT_EXECED) {
                        obd_mod_put(och->och_mod);
                        md_clear_open_replay_data(ll_i2sbi(parent)->ll_md_exp,
                                                  och);
                        och->och_open_handle.cookie = DEAD_HANDLE_MAGIC;
                        OBD_FREE_PTR(och);
                        och = NULL;
                }
        }

        if (request != NULL) {
                ptlrpc_req_finished(request);
                request = NULL;
        }

        /* Try again if the lease has cancelled. */
        if (rc == -EAGAIN && S_ISREG(child_inode->i_mode))
                goto again;

out_close:
        if (och)
                ll_lease_close(och, child_inode, NULL);
        if (!rc)
                clear_nlink(child_inode);
out_unlock:
        inode_unlock(child_inode);
        ll_finish_md_op_data(op_data);
out_iput:
        iput(child_inode);
        RETURN(rc);
}

static int
ll_file_noflock(struct file *file, int cmd, struct file_lock *file_lock)
{
        struct ll_file_data *fd = file->private_data;
        ENTRY;

        /*
         * In order to avoid flood of warning messages, only print one message
         * for one file. And the entire message rate on the client is limited
         * by CDEBUG_LIMIT too.
         */
        if (!(fd->fd_flags & LL_FILE_FLOCK_WARNING)) {
                fd->fd_flags |= LL_FILE_FLOCK_WARNING;
                CDEBUG_LIMIT(D_CONSOLE,
                             "flock disabled, mount with '-o [local]flock' to enable\r\n");
        }
        RETURN(-ENOSYS);
}

/**
 * test if some locks matching bits and l_req_mode are acquired
 * - bits can be in different locks
 * - if found clear the common lock bits in *bits
 * - the bits not found, are kept in *bits
 * \param inode [IN]
 * \param bits [IN] searched lock bits [IN]
 * \param l_req_mode [IN] searched lock mode
 * \retval boolean, true iff all bits are found
 */
int ll_have_md_lock(struct obd_export *exp, struct inode *inode, __u64 *bits,
                    enum ldlm_mode l_req_mode)
{
        struct lustre_handle lockh;
        union ldlm_policy_data policy;
        enum ldlm_mode mode = (l_req_mode == LCK_MINMODE) ?
                              (LCK_CR | LCK_CW | LCK_PR | LCK_PW) : l_req_mode;
        struct lu_fid *fid;
        __u64 flags;
        int i;
        ENTRY;

        if (!inode)
               RETURN(0);

        fid = &ll_i2info(inode)->lli_fid;
        CDEBUG(D_INFO, "trying to match res "DFID" mode %s\n", PFID(fid),
               ldlm_lockname[mode]);

        flags = LDLM_FL_BLOCK_GRANTED | LDLM_FL_CBPENDING | LDLM_FL_TEST_LOCK;
        for (i = 0; i < MDS_INODELOCK_NUMBITS && *bits != 0; i++) {
                policy.l_inodebits.bits = *bits & BIT(i);
                if (policy.l_inodebits.bits == 0)
                        continue;

                if (md_lock_match(exp, flags, fid, LDLM_IBITS, &policy, mode,
                                  &lockh)) {
                        struct ldlm_lock *lock;

                        lock = ldlm_handle2lock(&lockh);
                        if (lock) {
                                *bits &=
                                        ~(lock->l_policy_data.l_inodebits.bits);
                                LDLM_LOCK_PUT(lock);
                        } else {
                                *bits &= ~policy.l_inodebits.bits;
                        }
                }
        }
        RETURN(*bits == 0);
}

enum ldlm_mode ll_take_md_lock(struct inode *inode, __u64 bits,
                               struct lustre_handle *lockh, __u64 flags,
                               enum ldlm_mode mode)
{
        union ldlm_policy_data policy = { .l_inodebits = { bits } };
        struct lu_fid *fid;
        enum ldlm_mode rc;
        ENTRY;

        fid = &ll_i2info(inode)->lli_fid;
        CDEBUG(D_INFO, "trying to match res "DFID"\n", PFID(fid));

        rc = md_lock_match(ll_i2mdexp(inode), LDLM_FL_BLOCK_GRANTED|flags,
                           fid, LDLM_IBITS, &policy, mode, lockh);

        RETURN(rc);
}

static int ll_inode_revalidate_fini(struct inode *inode, int rc)
{
        /* Already unlinked. Just update nlink and return success */
        if (rc == -ENOENT) {
                clear_nlink(inode);
                /* If it is striped directory, and there is bad stripe
                 * Let's revalidate the dentry again, instead of returning
                 * error */
                if (ll_dir_striped(inode))
                        return 0;

                /* This path cannot be hit for regular files unless in
                 * case of obscure races, so no need to to validate
                 * size. */
                if (!S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) && !S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
                        return 0;
        } else if (rc != 0) {
                CDEBUG_LIMIT((rc == -EACCES || rc == -EIDRM) ? D_INFO : D_ERROR,
                             "%s: revalidate FID "DFID" error: rc = %d\n",
                             ll_i2sbi(inode)->ll_fsname,
                             PFID(ll_inode2fid(inode)), rc);
        }

        return rc;
}

static int ll_inode_revalidate(struct dentry *dentry, enum ldlm_intent_flags op)
{
        struct inode *parent;
        struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
        struct obd_export *exp = ll_i2mdexp(inode);
        struct lookup_intent oit = {
                .it_op = op,
        };
        struct ptlrpc_request *req = NULL;
        struct md_op_data *op_data;
        const char *name = NULL;
        size_t namelen = 0;
        int rc = 0;
        ENTRY;

        CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE, "VFS Op:inode="DFID"(%p),name=%s\n",
               PFID(ll_inode2fid(inode)), inode, dentry->d_name.name);

        if (exp_connect_flags2(exp) & OBD_CONNECT2_GETATTR_PFID) {
                parent = dentry->d_parent->d_inode;
                name = dentry->d_name.name;
                namelen = dentry->d_name.len;
        } else {
                parent = inode;
        }

        op_data = ll_prep_md_op_data(NULL, parent, inode, name, namelen, 0,
                                     LUSTRE_OPC_ANY, NULL);
        if (IS_ERR(op_data))
                RETURN(PTR_ERR(op_data));

        /* Call getattr by fid */
        if (exp_connect_flags2(exp) & OBD_CONNECT2_GETATTR_PFID)
                op_data->op_flags = MF_GETATTR_BY_FID;
        rc = md_intent_lock(exp, op_data, &oit, &req, &ll_md_blocking_ast, 0);
        ll_finish_md_op_data(op_data);
        if (rc < 0) {
                rc = ll_inode_revalidate_fini(inode, rc);
                GOTO(out, rc);
        }

        rc = ll_revalidate_it_finish(req, &oit, dentry);
        if (rc != 0) {
                ll_intent_release(&oit);
                GOTO(out, rc);
        }

        /* Unlinked? Unhash dentry, so it is not picked up later by
         * do_lookup() -> ll_revalidate_it(). We cannot use d_drop
         * here to preserve get_cwd functionality on 2.6.
         * Bug 10503 */
        if (!dentry->d_inode->i_nlink)
                d_lustre_invalidate(dentry);

        ll_lookup_finish_locks(&oit, dentry);
out:
        ptlrpc_req_finished(req);

        return rc;
}

static int ll_merge_md_attr(struct inode *inode)
{
        struct ll_inode_info *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
        struct cl_attr attr = { 0 };
        int rc;

        if (!lli->lli_lsm_md)
                RETURN(0);

        down_read(&lli->lli_lsm_sem);
        if (!lmv_dir_striped(lli->lli_lsm_md)) {
                up_read(&lli->lli_lsm_sem);
                RETURN(0);
        }
        rc = md_merge_attr(ll_i2mdexp(inode), ll_i2info(inode)->lli_lsm_md,
                           &attr, ll_md_blocking_ast);
        up_read(&lli->lli_lsm_sem);
        if (rc != 0)
                RETURN(rc);

        spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
        set_nlink(inode, attr.cat_nlink);
        spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);

        inode->i_blocks = attr.cat_blocks;
        i_size_write(inode, attr.cat_size);

        ll_i2info(inode)->lli_atime = attr.cat_atime;
        ll_i2info(inode)->lli_mtime = attr.cat_mtime;
        ll_i2info(inode)->lli_ctime = attr.cat_ctime;

        RETURN(0);
}

int ll_getattr_dentry(struct dentry *de, struct kstat *stat, u32 request_mask,
                      unsigned int flags, bool foreign)
{
        struct inode *inode = de->d_inode;
        struct ll_sb_info *sbi = ll_i2sbi(inode);
        struct ll_inode_info *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
        struct inode *dir = de->d_parent->d_inode;
        bool need_glimpse = true;
        ktime_t kstart = ktime_get();
        int rc;

        /* The OST object(s) determine the file size, blocks and mtime. */
        if (!(request_mask & STATX_SIZE || request_mask & STATX_BLOCKS ||
              request_mask & STATX_MTIME))
                need_glimpse = false;

        if (dentry_may_statahead(dir, de))
                ll_start_statahead(dir, de, need_glimpse &&
                                   !(flags & AT_STATX_DONT_SYNC));

        if (flags & AT_STATX_DONT_SYNC)
                GOTO(fill_attr, rc = 0);

        rc = ll_inode_revalidate(de, IT_GETATTR);
        if (rc < 0)
                RETURN(rc);

        /* foreign file/dir are always of zero length, so don't
         * need to validate size.
         */
        if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) && !foreign) {
                bool cached;

                if (!need_glimpse)
                        GOTO(fill_attr, rc);

                rc = pcc_inode_getattr(inode, request_mask, flags, &cached);
                if (cached && rc < 0)
                        RETURN(rc);

                if (cached)
                        GOTO(fill_attr, rc);

                /*
                 * If the returned attr is masked with OBD_MD_FLSIZE &
                 * OBD_MD_FLBLOCKS & OBD_MD_FLMTIME, it means that the file size
                 * or blocks obtained from MDT is strictly correct, and the file
                 * is usually not being modified by clients, and the [a|m|c]time
                 * got from MDT is also strictly correct.
                 * Under this circumstance, it does not need to send glimpse
                 * RPCs to OSTs for file attributes such as the size and blocks.
                 */
                if (lli->lli_attr_valid & OBD_MD_FLSIZE &&
                    lli->lli_attr_valid & OBD_MD_FLBLOCKS &&
                    lli->lli_attr_valid & OBD_MD_FLMTIME) {
                        inode->i_mtime.tv_sec = lli->lli_mtime;
                        if (lli->lli_attr_valid & OBD_MD_FLATIME)
                                inode->i_atime.tv_sec = lli->lli_atime;
                        if (lli->lli_attr_valid & OBD_MD_FLCTIME)
                                inode->i_ctime.tv_sec = lli->lli_ctime;
                        GOTO(fill_attr, rc);
                }

                /* In case of restore, the MDT has the right size and has
                 * already send it back without granting the layout lock,
                 * inode is up-to-date so glimpse is useless.
                 * Also to glimpse we need the layout, in case of a running
                 * restore the MDT holds the layout lock so the glimpse will
                 * block up to the end of restore (getattr will block)
                 */
                if (!test_bit(LLIF_FILE_RESTORING, &lli->lli_flags)) {
                        rc = ll_glimpse_size(inode);
                        if (rc < 0)
                                RETURN(rc);
                }
        } else {
                /* If object isn't regular a file then don't validate size. */
                /* foreign dir is not striped dir */
                if (ll_dir_striped(inode) && !foreign) {
                        rc = ll_merge_md_attr(inode);
                        if (rc < 0)
                                RETURN(rc);
                }

                if (lli->lli_attr_valid & OBD_MD_FLATIME)
                        inode->i_atime.tv_sec = lli->lli_atime;
                if (lli->lli_attr_valid & OBD_MD_FLMTIME)
                        inode->i_mtime.tv_sec = lli->lli_mtime;
                if (lli->lli_attr_valid & OBD_MD_FLCTIME)
                        inode->i_ctime.tv_sec = lli->lli_ctime;
        }

fill_attr:
        OBD_FAIL_TIMEOUT(OBD_FAIL_GETATTR_DELAY, 30);

        if (ll_need_32bit_api(sbi)) {
                stat->ino = cl_fid_build_ino(&lli->lli_fid, 1);
                stat->dev = ll_compat_encode_dev(inode->i_sb->s_dev);
                stat->rdev = ll_compat_encode_dev(inode->i_rdev);
        } else {
                stat->ino = inode->i_ino;
                stat->dev = inode->i_sb->s_dev;
                stat->rdev = inode->i_rdev;
        }

        /* foreign symlink to be exposed as a real symlink */
        if (!foreign)
                stat->mode = inode->i_mode;
        else
                stat->mode = (inode->i_mode & ~S_IFMT) | S_IFLNK;

        stat->uid = inode->i_uid;
        stat->gid = inode->i_gid;
        stat->atime = inode->i_atime;
        stat->mtime = inode->i_mtime;
        stat->ctime = inode->i_ctime;
        /* stat->blksize is used to tell about preferred IO size */
        if (sbi->ll_stat_blksize)
                stat->blksize = sbi->ll_stat_blksize;
        else if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
                stat->blksize = 1 << min(PTLRPC_MAX_BRW_BITS + 1,
                                         LL_MAX_BLKSIZE_BITS);
        else
                stat->blksize = 1 << inode->i_sb->s_blocksize_bits;

        stat->nlink = inode->i_nlink;
        stat->size = i_size_read(inode);
        stat->blocks = inode->i_blocks;

#if defined(HAVE_USER_NAMESPACE_ARG) || defined(HAVE_INODEOPS_ENHANCED_GETATTR)
        if (flags & AT_STATX_DONT_SYNC) {
                if (stat->size == 0 &&
                    lli->lli_attr_valid & OBD_MD_FLLAZYSIZE)
                        stat->size = lli->lli_lazysize;
                if (stat->blocks == 0 &&
                    lli->lli_attr_valid & OBD_MD_FLLAZYBLOCKS)
                        stat->blocks = lli->lli_lazyblocks;
        }

        if (lli->lli_attr_valid & OBD_MD_FLBTIME) {
                stat->result_mask |= STATX_BTIME;
                stat->btime.tv_sec = lli->lli_btime;
        }

        stat->attributes_mask = STATX_ATTR_IMMUTABLE | STATX_ATTR_APPEND;
#ifdef HAVE_LUSTRE_CRYPTO
        stat->attributes_mask |= STATX_ATTR_ENCRYPTED;
#endif
        stat->attributes |= ll_inode_to_ext_flags(inode->i_flags);
        /* if Lustre specific LUSTRE_ENCRYPT_FL flag is set, also set
         * ext4 equivalent to please statx
         */
        if (stat->attributes & LUSTRE_ENCRYPT_FL)
                stat->attributes |= STATX_ATTR_ENCRYPTED;
        stat->result_mask &= request_mask;
#endif

        ll_stats_ops_tally(sbi, LPROC_LL_GETATTR,
                           ktime_us_delta(ktime_get(), kstart));

        return 0;
}

#if defined(HAVE_USER_NAMESPACE_ARG) || defined(HAVE_INODEOPS_ENHANCED_GETATTR)
int ll_getattr(struct user_namespace *mnt_userns, const struct path *path,
               struct kstat *stat, u32 request_mask, unsigned int flags)
{
        return ll_getattr_dentry(path->dentry, stat, request_mask, flags,
                                 false);
}
#else
int ll_getattr(struct vfsmount *mnt, struct dentry *de, struct kstat *stat)
{
        return ll_getattr_dentry(de, stat, STATX_BASIC_STATS,
                                 AT_STATX_SYNC_AS_STAT, false);
}
#endif

int cl_falloc(struct file *file, struct inode *inode, int mode, loff_t offset,
              loff_t len)
{
        loff_t size = i_size_read(inode);
        struct lu_env *env;
        struct cl_io *io;
        __u16 refcheck;
        int rc;

        ENTRY;

        env = cl_env_get(&refcheck);
        if (IS_ERR(env))
                RETURN(PTR_ERR(env));

        io = vvp_env_thread_io(env);
        io->ci_obj = ll_i2info(inode)->lli_clob;
        ll_io_set_mirror(io, file);

        io->ci_verify_layout = 1;
        io->u.ci_setattr.sa_parent_fid = lu_object_fid(&io->ci_obj->co_lu);
        io->u.ci_setattr.sa_falloc_mode = mode;
        io->u.ci_setattr.sa_falloc_offset = offset;
        io->u.ci_setattr.sa_falloc_end = offset + len;
        io->u.ci_setattr.sa_subtype = CL_SETATTR_FALLOCATE;

        CDEBUG(D_INODE, "UID %u GID %u PRJID %u\n",
               from_kuid(&init_user_ns, inode->i_uid),
               from_kgid(&init_user_ns, inode->i_gid),
               ll_i2info(inode)->lli_projid);

        io->u.ci_setattr.sa_falloc_uid = from_kuid(&init_user_ns, inode->i_uid);
        io->u.ci_setattr.sa_falloc_gid = from_kgid(&init_user_ns, inode->i_gid);
        io->u.ci_setattr.sa_falloc_projid = ll_i2info(inode)->lli_projid;

        if (io->u.ci_setattr.sa_falloc_end > size) {
                loff_t newsize = io->u.ci_setattr.sa_falloc_end;

                /* Check new size against VFS/VM file size limit and rlimit */
                rc = inode_newsize_ok(inode, newsize);
                if (rc)
                        goto out;
                if (newsize > ll_file_maxbytes(inode)) {
                        CDEBUG(D_INODE, "file size too large %llu > %llu\n",
                               (unsigned long long)newsize,
                               ll_file_maxbytes(inode));
                        rc = -EFBIG;
                        goto out;
                }
        }

        do {
                rc = cl_io_init(env, io, CIT_SETATTR, io->ci_obj);
                if (!rc)
                        rc = cl_io_loop(env, io);
                else
                        rc = io->ci_result;
                cl_io_fini(env, io);
        } while (unlikely(io->ci_need_restart));

out:
        cl_env_put(env, &refcheck);
        RETURN(rc);
}

long ll_fallocate(struct file *filp, int mode, loff_t offset, loff_t len)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(filp);
        int rc;

        if (offset < 0 || len <= 0)
                RETURN(-EINVAL);
        /*
         * Encrypted inodes can't handle collapse range or zero range or insert
         * range since we would need to re-encrypt blocks with a different IV or
         * XTS tweak (which are based on the logical block number).
         * Similar to what ext4 does.
         */
        if (IS_ENCRYPTED(inode) &&
            (mode & (FALLOC_FL_COLLAPSE_RANGE | FALLOC_FL_INSERT_RANGE |
                     FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE)))
                RETURN(-EOPNOTSUPP);

        /*
         * mode == 0 (which is standard prealloc) and PUNCH is supported
         * Rest of mode options are not supported yet.
         */
        if (mode & ~(FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE | FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE))
                RETURN(-EOPNOTSUPP);

        ll_stats_ops_tally(ll_i2sbi(inode), LPROC_LL_FALLOCATE, 1);

        rc = cl_falloc(filp, inode, mode, offset, len);
        /*
         * ENOTSUPP (524) is an NFSv3 specific error code erroneously
         * used by Lustre in several places. Retuning it here would
         * confuse applications that explicity test for EOPNOTSUPP
         * (95) and fall back to ftruncate().
         */
        if (rc == -ENOTSUPP)
                rc = -EOPNOTSUPP;

        RETURN(rc);
}

static int ll_fiemap(struct inode *inode, struct fiemap_extent_info *fieinfo,
                     __u64 start, __u64 len)
{
        int             rc;
        size_t          num_bytes;
        struct fiemap   *fiemap;
        unsigned int    extent_count = fieinfo->fi_extents_max;

        num_bytes = sizeof(*fiemap) + (extent_count *
                                       sizeof(struct fiemap_extent));
        OBD_ALLOC_LARGE(fiemap, num_bytes);

        if (fiemap == NULL)
                RETURN(-ENOMEM);

        fiemap->fm_flags = fieinfo->fi_flags;
        fiemap->fm_extent_count = fieinfo->fi_extents_max;
        fiemap->fm_start = start;
        fiemap->fm_length = len;
        if (extent_count > 0 &&
            copy_from_user(&fiemap->fm_extents[0], fieinfo->fi_extents_start,
                           sizeof(struct fiemap_extent)) != 0)
                GOTO(out, rc = -EFAULT);

        rc = ll_do_fiemap(inode, fiemap, num_bytes);

        if (IS_ENCRYPTED(inode)) {
                int i;

                for (i = 0; i < fiemap->fm_mapped_extents; i++)
                        fiemap->fm_extents[i].fe_flags |=
                                FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_ENCRYPTED |
                                FIEMAP_EXTENT_ENCODED;
        }

        fieinfo->fi_flags = fiemap->fm_flags;
        fieinfo->fi_extents_mapped = fiemap->fm_mapped_extents;
        if (extent_count > 0 &&
            copy_to_user(fieinfo->fi_extents_start, &fiemap->fm_extents[0],
                         fiemap->fm_mapped_extents *
                         sizeof(struct fiemap_extent)) != 0)
                GOTO(out, rc = -EFAULT);
out:
        OBD_FREE_LARGE(fiemap, num_bytes);
        return rc;
}

int ll_inode_permission(struct user_namespace *mnt_userns, struct inode *inode,
                        int mask)
{
        int rc = 0;
        struct ll_sb_info *sbi;
        struct root_squash_info *squash;
        struct cred *cred = NULL;
        const struct cred *old_cred = NULL;
        bool squash_id = false;
        ktime_t kstart = ktime_get();

        ENTRY;

        if (mask & MAY_NOT_BLOCK)
                return -ECHILD;

        /*
         * as root inode are NOT getting validated in lookup operation,
         * need to revalidate PERM before permission check.
         */
        if (is_root_inode(inode)) {
                rc = ll_inode_revalidate(inode->i_sb->s_root, IT_GETATTR);
                if (rc)
                        RETURN(rc);
        }

        CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE, "VFS Op:inode="DFID"(%p), inode mode %x mask %o\n",
               PFID(ll_inode2fid(inode)), inode, inode->i_mode, mask);

        /* squash fsuid/fsgid if needed */
        sbi = ll_i2sbi(inode);
        squash = &sbi->ll_squash;
        if (unlikely(squash->rsi_uid != 0 &&
                     uid_eq(current_fsuid(), GLOBAL_ROOT_UID) &&
                     !test_bit(LL_SBI_NOROOTSQUASH, sbi->ll_flags))) {
                        squash_id = true;
        }
        if (squash_id) {
                CDEBUG(D_OTHER, "squash creds (%d:%d)=>(%d:%d)\n",
                       __kuid_val(current_fsuid()), __kgid_val(current_fsgid()),
                       squash->rsi_uid, squash->rsi_gid);

                /* update current process's credentials
                 * and FS capability */
                cred = prepare_creds();
                if (cred == NULL)
                        RETURN(-ENOMEM);

                cred->fsuid = make_kuid(&init_user_ns, squash->rsi_uid);
                cred->fsgid = make_kgid(&init_user_ns, squash->rsi_gid);
                cred->cap_effective = cap_drop_nfsd_set(cred->cap_effective);
                cred->cap_effective = cap_drop_fs_set(cred->cap_effective);

                old_cred = override_creds(cred);
        }

        rc = generic_permission(mnt_userns, inode, mask);
        /* restore current process's credentials and FS capability */
        if (squash_id) {
                revert_creds(old_cred);
                put_cred(cred);
        }

        if (!rc)
                ll_stats_ops_tally(sbi, LPROC_LL_INODE_PERM,
                                   ktime_us_delta(ktime_get(), kstart));

        RETURN(rc);
}

/* -o localflock - only provides locally consistent flock locks */
static const struct file_operations ll_file_operations = {
#ifdef HAVE_FILE_OPERATIONS_READ_WRITE_ITER
# ifdef HAVE_SYNC_READ_WRITE
        .read           = new_sync_read,
        .write          = new_sync_write,
# endif
        .read_iter      = ll_file_read_iter,
        .write_iter     = ll_file_write_iter,
#else /* !HAVE_FILE_OPERATIONS_READ_WRITE_ITER */
        .read           = ll_file_read,
        .aio_read       = ll_file_aio_read,
        .write          = ll_file_write,
        .aio_write      = ll_file_aio_write,
#endif /* HAVE_FILE_OPERATIONS_READ_WRITE_ITER */
        .unlocked_ioctl = ll_file_ioctl,
        .open           = ll_file_open,
        .release        = ll_file_release,
        .mmap           = ll_file_mmap,
        .llseek         = ll_file_seek,
#ifndef HAVE_DEFAULT_FILE_SPLICE_READ_EXPORT
        .splice_read    = generic_file_splice_read,
#else
        .splice_read    = pcc_file_splice_read,
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_ITER_FILE_SPLICE_WRITE
        .splice_write   = iter_file_splice_write,
#endif
        .fsync          = ll_fsync,
        .flush          = ll_flush,
        .fallocate      = ll_fallocate,
};

static const struct file_operations ll_file_operations_flock = {
#ifdef HAVE_FILE_OPERATIONS_READ_WRITE_ITER
# ifdef HAVE_SYNC_READ_WRITE
        .read           = new_sync_read,
        .write          = new_sync_write,
# endif /* HAVE_SYNC_READ_WRITE */
        .read_iter      = ll_file_read_iter,
        .write_iter     = ll_file_write_iter,
#else /* !HAVE_FILE_OPERATIONS_READ_WRITE_ITER */
        .read           = ll_file_read,
        .aio_read       = ll_file_aio_read,
        .write          = ll_file_write,
        .aio_write      = ll_file_aio_write,
#endif /* HAVE_FILE_OPERATIONS_READ_WRITE_ITER */
        .unlocked_ioctl = ll_file_ioctl,
        .open           = ll_file_open,
        .release        = ll_file_release,
        .mmap           = ll_file_mmap,
        .llseek         = ll_file_seek,
#ifndef HAVE_DEFAULT_FILE_SPLICE_READ_EXPORT
        .splice_read    = generic_file_splice_read,
#else
        .splice_read    = pcc_file_splice_read,
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_ITER_FILE_SPLICE_WRITE
        .splice_write   = iter_file_splice_write,
#endif
        .fsync          = ll_fsync,
        .flush          = ll_flush,
        .flock          = ll_file_flock,
        .lock           = ll_file_flock,
        .fallocate      = ll_fallocate,
};

/* These are for -o noflock - to return ENOSYS on flock calls */
static const struct file_operations ll_file_operations_noflock = {
#ifdef HAVE_FILE_OPERATIONS_READ_WRITE_ITER
# ifdef HAVE_SYNC_READ_WRITE
        .read           = new_sync_read,
        .write          = new_sync_write,
# endif /* HAVE_SYNC_READ_WRITE */
        .read_iter      = ll_file_read_iter,
        .write_iter     = ll_file_write_iter,
#else /* !HAVE_FILE_OPERATIONS_READ_WRITE_ITER */
        .read           = ll_file_read,
        .aio_read       = ll_file_aio_read,
        .write          = ll_file_write,
        .aio_write      = ll_file_aio_write,
#endif /* HAVE_FILE_OPERATIONS_READ_WRITE_ITER */
        .unlocked_ioctl = ll_file_ioctl,
        .open           = ll_file_open,
        .release        = ll_file_release,
        .mmap           = ll_file_mmap,
        .llseek         = ll_file_seek,
#ifndef HAVE_DEFAULT_FILE_SPLICE_READ_EXPORT
        .splice_read    = generic_file_splice_read,
#else
        .splice_read    = pcc_file_splice_read,
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_ITER_FILE_SPLICE_WRITE
        .splice_write   = iter_file_splice_write,
#endif
        .fsync          = ll_fsync,
        .flush          = ll_flush,
        .flock          = ll_file_noflock,
        .lock           = ll_file_noflock,
        .fallocate      = ll_fallocate,
};

const struct inode_operations ll_file_inode_operations = {
        .setattr        = ll_setattr,
        .getattr        = ll_getattr,
        .permission     = ll_inode_permission,
#ifdef HAVE_IOP_XATTR
        .setxattr       = ll_setxattr,
        .getxattr       = ll_getxattr,
        .removexattr    = ll_removexattr,
#endif
        .listxattr      = ll_listxattr,
        .fiemap         = ll_fiemap,
        .get_acl        = ll_get_acl,
#ifdef HAVE_IOP_SET_ACL
        .set_acl        = ll_set_acl,
#endif
};

const struct file_operations *ll_select_file_operations(struct ll_sb_info *sbi)
{
        const struct file_operations *fops = &ll_file_operations_noflock;

        if (test_bit(LL_SBI_FLOCK, sbi->ll_flags))
                fops = &ll_file_operations_flock;
        else if (test_bit(LL_SBI_LOCALFLOCK, sbi->ll_flags))
                fops = &ll_file_operations;

        return fops;
}

int ll_layout_conf(struct inode *inode, const struct cl_object_conf *conf)
{
        struct ll_inode_info *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
        struct cl_object *obj = lli->lli_clob;
        struct lu_env *env;
        int rc;
        __u16 refcheck;
        ENTRY;

        if (obj == NULL)
                RETURN(0);

        env = cl_env_get(&refcheck);
        if (IS_ERR(env))
                RETURN(PTR_ERR(env));

        rc = cl_conf_set(env, lli->lli_clob, conf);
        if (rc < 0)
                GOTO(out, rc);

        if (conf->coc_opc == OBJECT_CONF_SET) {
                struct ldlm_lock *lock = conf->coc_lock;
                struct cl_layout cl = {
                        .cl_layout_gen = 0,
                };

                LASSERT(lock != NULL);
                LASSERT(ldlm_has_layout(lock));

                /* it can only be allowed to match after layout is
                 * applied to inode otherwise false layout would be
                 * seen. Applying layout shoud happen before dropping
                 * the intent lock. */
                ldlm_lock_allow_match(lock);

                rc = cl_object_layout_get(env, obj, &cl);
                if (rc < 0)
                        GOTO(out, rc);

                CDEBUG(D_VFSTRACE,
                       DFID": layout version change: %u -> %u\n",
                       PFID(&lli->lli_fid), ll_layout_version_get(lli),
                       cl.cl_layout_gen);
                ll_layout_version_set(lli, cl.cl_layout_gen);
        }

out:
        cl_env_put(env, &refcheck);

        RETURN(rc < 0 ? rc : 0);
}

/* Fetch layout from MDT with getxattr request, if it's not ready yet */
static int ll_layout_fetch(struct inode *inode, struct ldlm_lock *lock)

{
        struct ll_sb_info *sbi = ll_i2sbi(inode);
        struct ptlrpc_request *req;
        void *lvbdata;
        void *lmm;
        int lmmsize;
        int rc;
        ENTRY;

        CDEBUG(D_INODE, DFID" LVB_READY=%d l_lvb_data=%p l_lvb_len=%d\n",
               PFID(ll_inode2fid(inode)), ldlm_is_lvb_ready(lock),
               lock->l_lvb_data, lock->l_lvb_len);

        if (lock->l_lvb_data != NULL)
                RETURN(0);

        /* if layout lock was granted right away, the layout is returned
         * within DLM_LVB of dlm reply; otherwise if the lock was ever
         * blocked and then granted via completion ast, we have to fetch
         * layout here. Please note that we can't use the LVB buffer in
         * completion AST because it doesn't have a large enough buffer */
        rc = ll_get_default_mdsize(sbi, &lmmsize);
        if (rc < 0)
                RETURN(rc);

        rc = md_getxattr(sbi->ll_md_exp, ll_inode2fid(inode), OBD_MD_FLXATTR,
                         XATTR_NAME_LOV, lmmsize, &req);
        if (rc < 0) {
                if (rc == -ENODATA)
                        GOTO(out, rc = 0); /* empty layout */
                else
                        RETURN(rc);
        }

        lmmsize = rc;
        rc = 0;
        if (lmmsize == 0) /* empty layout */
                GOTO(out, rc = 0);

        lmm = req_capsule_server_sized_get(&req->rq_pill, &RMF_EADATA, lmmsize);
        if (lmm == NULL)
                GOTO(out, rc = -EFAULT);

        OBD_ALLOC_LARGE(lvbdata, lmmsize);
        if (lvbdata == NULL)
                GOTO(out, rc = -ENOMEM);

        memcpy(lvbdata, lmm, lmmsize);
        lock_res_and_lock(lock);
        if (unlikely(lock->l_lvb_data == NULL)) {
                lock->l_lvb_type = LVB_T_LAYOUT;
                lock->l_lvb_data = lvbdata;
                lock->l_lvb_len = lmmsize;
                lvbdata = NULL;
        }
        unlock_res_and_lock(lock);

        if (lvbdata)
                OBD_FREE_LARGE(lvbdata, lmmsize);

        EXIT;

out:
        ptlrpc_req_finished(req);
        return rc;
}

/**
 * Apply the layout to the inode. Layout lock is held and will be released
 * in this function.
 */
static int ll_layout_lock_set(struct lustre_handle *lockh, enum ldlm_mode mode,
                              struct inode *inode)
{
        struct ll_inode_info *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
        struct ll_sb_info    *sbi = ll_i2sbi(inode);
        struct ldlm_lock *lock;
        struct cl_object_conf conf;
        int rc = 0;
        bool lvb_ready;
        bool wait_layout = false;
        ENTRY;

        LASSERT(lustre_handle_is_used(lockh));

        lock = ldlm_handle2lock(lockh);
        LASSERT(lock != NULL);

        if (!ldlm_has_layout(lock))
                GOTO(out, rc = -EAGAIN);

        LDLM_DEBUG(lock, "file "DFID"(%p) being reconfigured",
                   PFID(&lli->lli_fid), inode);

        /* in case this is a caching lock and reinstate with new inode */
        md_set_lock_data(sbi->ll_md_exp, lockh, inode, NULL);

        lock_res_and_lock(lock);
        lvb_ready = ldlm_is_lvb_ready(lock);
        unlock_res_and_lock(lock);

        /* checking lvb_ready is racy but this is okay. The worst case is
         * that multi processes may configure the file on the same time. */
        if (lvb_ready)
                GOTO(out, rc = 0);

        rc = ll_layout_fetch(inode, lock);
        if (rc < 0)
                GOTO(out, rc);

        /* for layout lock, lmm is stored in lock's lvb.
         * lvb_data is immutable if the lock is held so it's safe to access it
         * without res lock.
         *
         * set layout to file. Unlikely this will fail as old layout was
         * surely eliminated */
        memset(&conf, 0, sizeof conf);
        conf.coc_opc = OBJECT_CONF_SET;
        conf.coc_inode = inode;
        conf.coc_lock = lock;
        conf.u.coc_layout.lb_buf = lock->l_lvb_data;
        conf.u.coc_layout.lb_len = lock->l_lvb_len;
        rc = ll_layout_conf(inode, &conf);

        /* refresh layout failed, need to wait */
        wait_layout = rc == -EBUSY;
        EXIT;
out:
        LDLM_LOCK_PUT(lock);
        ldlm_lock_decref(lockh, mode);

        /* wait for IO to complete if it's still being used. */
        if (wait_layout) {
                CDEBUG(D_INODE, "%s: "DFID"(%p) wait for layout reconf\n",
                       sbi->ll_fsname, PFID(&lli->lli_fid), inode);

                memset(&conf, 0, sizeof conf);
                conf.coc_opc = OBJECT_CONF_WAIT;
                conf.coc_inode = inode;
                rc = ll_layout_conf(inode, &conf);
                if (rc == 0)
                        rc = -EAGAIN;

                CDEBUG(D_INODE, "%s file="DFID" waiting layout return: %d\n",
                       sbi->ll_fsname, PFID(&lli->lli_fid), rc);
        }
        RETURN(rc);
}

/**
 * Issue layout intent RPC to MDS.
 * \param inode [in]    file inode
 * \param intent [in]   layout intent
 *
 * \retval 0    on success
 * \retval < 0  error code
 */
static int ll_layout_intent(struct inode *inode, struct layout_intent *intent)
{
        struct ll_inode_info  *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
        struct ll_sb_info     *sbi = ll_i2sbi(inode);
        struct md_op_data     *op_data;
        struct lookup_intent it;
        struct ptlrpc_request *req;
        int rc;
        ENTRY;

        op_data = ll_prep_md_op_data(NULL, inode, inode, NULL,
                                     0, 0, LUSTRE_OPC_ANY, NULL);
        if (IS_ERR(op_data))
                RETURN(PTR_ERR(op_data));

        op_data->op_data = intent;
        op_data->op_data_size = sizeof(*intent);

        memset(&it, 0, sizeof(it));
        it.it_op = IT_LAYOUT;
        if (intent->li_opc == LAYOUT_INTENT_WRITE ||
            intent->li_opc == LAYOUT_INTENT_TRUNC)
                it.it_flags = FMODE_WRITE;

        LDLM_DEBUG_NOLOCK("%s: requeue layout lock for file "DFID"(%p)",
                          sbi->ll_fsname, PFID(&lli->lli_fid), inode);

        rc = md_intent_lock(sbi->ll_md_exp, op_data, &it, &req,
                            &ll_md_blocking_ast, 0);
        if (it.it_request != NULL)
                ptlrpc_req_finished(it.it_request);
        it.it_request = NULL;

        ll_finish_md_op_data(op_data);

        /* set lock data in case this is a new lock */
        if (!rc)
                ll_set_lock_data(sbi->ll_md_exp, inode, &it, NULL);

        ll_intent_drop_lock(&it);

        RETURN(rc);
}

/**
 * This function checks if there exists a LAYOUT lock on the client side,
 * or enqueues it if it doesn't have one in cache.
 *
 * This function will not hold layout lock so it may be revoked any time after
 * this function returns. Any operations depend on layout should be redone
 * in that case.
 *
 * This function should be called before lov_io_init() to get an uptodate
 * layout version, the caller should save the version number and after IO
 * is finished, this function should be called again to verify that layout
 * is not changed during IO time.
 */
int ll_layout_refresh(struct inode *inode, __u32 *gen)
{
        struct ll_inode_info    *lli = ll_i2info(inode);
        struct ll_sb_info       *sbi = ll_i2sbi(inode);
        struct lustre_handle lockh;
        struct layout_intent intent = {
                .li_opc = LAYOUT_INTENT_ACCESS,
        };
        enum ldlm_mode mode;
        int rc;
        ENTRY;

        *gen = ll_layout_version_get(lli);
        if (!test_bit(LL_SBI_LAYOUT_LOCK, sbi->ll_flags) ||
            *gen != CL_LAYOUT_GEN_NONE)
                RETURN(0);

        /* sanity checks */
        LASSERT(fid_is_sane(ll_inode2fid(inode)));
        LASSERT(S_ISREG(inode->i_mode));

        /* take layout lock mutex to enqueue layout lock exclusively. */
        mutex_lock(&lli->lli_layout_mutex);

        while (1) {
                /* mostly layout lock is caching on the local side, so try to
                 * match it before grabbing layout lock mutex. */
                mode = ll_take_md_lock(inode, MDS_INODELOCK_LAYOUT, &lockh, 0,
                                       LCK_CR | LCK_CW | LCK_PR |
                                       LCK_PW | LCK_EX);
                if (mode != 0) { /* hit cached lock */
                        rc = ll_layout_lock_set(&lockh, mode, inode);
                        if (rc == -EAGAIN)
                                continue;
                        break;
                }

                rc = ll_layout_intent(inode, &intent);
                if (rc != 0)
                        break;
        }

        if (rc == 0)
                *gen = ll_layout_version_get(lli);
        mutex_unlock(&lli->lli_layout_mutex);

        RETURN(rc);
}

/**
 * Issue layout intent RPC indicating where in a file an IO is about to write.
 *
 * \param[in] inode     file inode.
 * \param[in] ext       write range with start offset of fille in bytes where
 *                      an IO is about to write, and exclusive end offset in
 *                      bytes.
 *
 * \retval 0    on success
 * \retval < 0  error code
 */
int ll_layout_write_intent(struct inode *inode, enum layout_intent_opc opc,
                           struct lu_extent *ext)
{
        struct layout_intent intent = {
                .li_opc = opc,
                .li_extent.e_start = ext->e_start,
                .li_extent.e_end = ext->e_end,
        };
        int rc;
        ENTRY;

        rc = ll_layout_intent(inode, &intent);

        RETURN(rc);
}

/**
 *  This function send a restore request to the MDT
 */
int ll_layout_restore(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset, __u64 length)
{
        struct hsm_user_request *hur;
        int                      len, rc;
        ENTRY;

        len = sizeof(struct hsm_user_request) +
              sizeof(struct hsm_user_item);
        OBD_ALLOC(hur, len);
        if (hur == NULL)
                RETURN(-ENOMEM);

        hur->hur_request.hr_action = HUA_RESTORE;
        hur->hur_request.hr_archive_id = 0;
        hur->hur_request.hr_flags = 0;
        memcpy(&hur->hur_user_item[0].hui_fid, &ll_i2info(inode)->lli_fid,
               sizeof(hur->hur_user_item[0].hui_fid));
        hur->hur_user_item[0].hui_extent.offset = offset;
        hur->hur_user_item[0].hui_extent.length = length;
        hur->hur_request.hr_itemcount = 1;
        rc = obd_iocontrol(LL_IOC_HSM_REQUEST, ll_i2sbi(inode)->ll_md_exp,
                           len, hur, NULL);
        OBD_FREE(hur, len);
        RETURN(rc);
}