# buffer i/o errs sock spc runas
[ "$CPU" = "UML" ] && EXCEPT="$EXCEPT 27m 27n 27o 27p 27q 27r 31d 54a 64b 99a 99b 99c 99d 99e 99f 101"
-# test76 is not valid with FIDs because inode numbers are not reused
-ALWAYS_EXCEPT="$ALWAYS_EXCEPT 76"
-
case `uname -r` in
2.4*) FSTYPE=${FSTYPE:-ext3} ;;
2.6*) FSTYPE=${FSTYPE:-ldiskfs} ;;
}
run_test 33b "test open file with malformed flags (No panic and return error)"
+test_33c() {
+ local ostnum
+ local ostname
+ local write_bytes
+ local all_zeros
+
+ all_zeros=:
+ rm -fr $DIR/d33
+ mkdir -p $DIR/d33
+ # Read: 0, Write: 4, create/destroy: 2/0, stat: 1, punch: 0
+
+ sync
+ for ostnum in $(seq $OSTCOUNT); do
+ # test-framework's OST numbering is one-based, while Lustre's
+ # is zero-based
+ ostname=$(printf "lustre-OST%.4d" $((ostnum - 1)))
+ # Parsing llobdstat's output sucks; we could grep the /proc
+ # path, but that's likely to not be as portable as using the
+ # llobdstat utility. So we parse lctl output instead.
+ write_bytes=$(do_facet ost$ostnum lctl get_param -n \
+ obdfilter/$ostname/stats |
+ awk '/^write_bytes/ {print $7}' )
+ echo "baseline_write_bytes@$OSTnum/$ostname=$write_bytes"
+ if (( ${write_bytes:-0} > 0 ))
+ then
+ all_zeros=false
+ break;
+ fi
+ done
+
+ $all_zeros || return 0
+
+ # Write four bytes
+ echo foo > $DIR/d33/bar
+ # Really write them
+ sync
+
+ # Total up write_bytes after writing. We'd better find non-zeros.
+ for ostnum in $(seq $OSTCOUNT); do
+ ostname=$(printf "lustre-OST%.4d" $((ostnum - 1)))
+ write_bytes=$(do_facet ost$ostnum lctl get_param -n \
+ obdfilter/$ostname/stats |
+ awk '/^write_bytes/ {print $7}' )
+ echo "write_bytes@$OSTnum/$ostname=$write_bytes"
+ if (( ${write_bytes:-0} > 0 ))
+ then
+ all_zeros=false
+ break;
+ fi
+ done
+
+ if $all_zeros
+ then
+ for ostnum in $(seq $OSTCOUNT); do
+ ostname=$(printf "lustre-OST%.4d" $((ostnum - 1)))
+ echo "Check that write_bytes is present in obdfilter/*/stats:"
+ do_facet ost$ostnum lctl get_param -n \
+ obdfilter/$ostname/stats
+ done
+ error "OST not keeping write_bytes stats (b22312)"
+ fi
+}
+run_test 33c "test llobdstat and write_bytes"
+
TEST_34_SIZE=${TEST_34_SIZE:-2000000000000}
test_34a() {
rm -f $DIR/f34
}
run_test 39 "mtime changed on create ==========================="
+test_39b() {
+ mkdir -p $DIR/$tdir
+ cp -p /etc/passwd $DIR/$tdir/fopen
+ cp -p /etc/passwd $DIR/$tdir/flink
+ cp -p /etc/passwd $DIR/$tdir/funlink
+ cp -p /etc/passwd $DIR/$tdir/frename
+ ln $DIR/$tdir/funlink $DIR/$tdir/funlink2
+
+ sleep 1
+ echo "aaaaaa" >> $DIR/$tdir/fopen
+ echo "aaaaaa" >> $DIR/$tdir/flink
+ echo "aaaaaa" >> $DIR/$tdir/funlink
+ echo "aaaaaa" >> $DIR/$tdir/frename
+
+ local open_new=`stat -c %Y $DIR/$tdir/fopen`
+ local link_new=`stat -c %Y $DIR/$tdir/flink`
+ local unlink_new=`stat -c %Y $DIR/$tdir/funlink`
+ local rename_new=`stat -c %Y $DIR/$tdir/frename`
+
+ cat $DIR/$tdir/fopen > /dev/null
+ ln $DIR/$tdir/flink $DIR/$tdir/flink2
+ rm -f $DIR/$tdir/funlink2
+ mv -f $DIR/$tdir/frename $DIR/$tdir/frename2
+
+ for (( i=0; i < 2; i++ )) ; do
+ local open_new2=`stat -c %Y $DIR/$tdir/fopen`
+ local link_new2=`stat -c %Y $DIR/$tdir/flink`
+ local unlink_new2=`stat -c %Y $DIR/$tdir/funlink`
+ local rename_new2=`stat -c %Y $DIR/$tdir/frename2`
+
+ [ $open_new2 -eq $open_new ] || error "open file reverses mtime"
+ [ $link_new2 -eq $link_new ] || error "link file reverses mtime"
+ [ $unlink_new2 -eq $unlink_new ] || error "unlink file reverses mtime"
+ [ $rename_new2 -eq $rename_new ] || error "rename file reverses mtime"
+
+ cancel_lru_locks osc
+ if [ $i = 0 ] ; then echo "repeat after cancel_lru_locks"; fi
+ done
+}
+run_test 39b "mtime change on open, link, unlink, rename ======"
+
+# this should be set to past
+TEST_39_MTIME=`date -d "1 year ago" +%s`
+
+# bug 11063
+test_39c() {
+ touch $DIR1/$tfile
+ sleep 2
+ local mtime0=`stat -c %Y $DIR1/$tfile`
+
+ touch -m -d @$TEST_39_MTIME $DIR1/$tfile
+ local mtime1=`stat -c %Y $DIR1/$tfile`
+ [ "$mtime1" = $TEST_39_MTIME ] || \
+ error "mtime is not set to past: $mtime1, should be $TEST_39_MTIME"
+
+ local d1=`date +%s`
+ echo hello >> $DIR1/$tfile
+ local d2=`date +%s`
+ local mtime2=`stat -c %Y $DIR1/$tfile`
+ [ "$mtime2" -ge "$d1" ] && [ "$mtime2" -le "$d2" ] || \
+ error "mtime is not updated on write: $d1 <= $mtime2 <= $d2"
+
+ mv $DIR1/$tfile $DIR1/$tfile-1
+
+ for (( i=0; i < 2; i++ )) ; do
+ local mtime3=`stat -c %Y $DIR1/$tfile-1`
+ [ "$mtime2" = "$mtime3" ] || \
+ error "mtime ($mtime2) changed (to $mtime3) on rename"
+
+ cancel_lru_locks osc
+ if [ $i = 0 ] ; then echo "repeat after cancel_lru_locks"; fi
+ done
+}
+run_test 39c "mtime change on rename ==========================="
+
+# bug 21114
+test_39d() {
+ touch $DIR1/$tfile
+
+ touch -m -d @$TEST_39_MTIME $DIR1/$tfile
+
+ for (( i=0; i < 2; i++ )) ; do
+ local mtime=`stat -c %Y $DIR1/$tfile`
+ [ $mtime = $TEST_39_MTIME ] || \
+ error "mtime($mtime) is not set to $TEST_39_MTIME"
+
+ cancel_lru_locks osc
+ if [ $i = 0 ] ; then echo "repeat after cancel_lru_locks"; fi
+ done
+}
+run_test 39d "create, utime, stat =============================="
+
+# bug 21114
+test_39e() {
+ touch $DIR1/$tfile
+ local mtime1=`stat -c %Y $DIR1/$tfile`
+
+ touch -m -d @$TEST_39_MTIME $DIR1/$tfile
+
+ for (( i=0; i < 2; i++ )) ; do
+ local mtime2=`stat -c %Y $DIR1/$tfile`
+ [ $mtime2 = $TEST_39_MTIME ] || \
+ error "mtime($mtime2) is not set to $TEST_39_MTIME"
+
+ cancel_lru_locks osc
+ if [ $i = 0 ] ; then echo "repeat after cancel_lru_locks"; fi
+ done
+}
+run_test 39e "create, stat, utime, stat ========================"
+
+# bug 21114
+test_39f() {
+ touch $DIR1/$tfile
+ mtime1=`stat -c %Y $DIR1/$tfile`
+
+ sleep 2
+ touch -m -d @$TEST_39_MTIME $DIR1/$tfile
+
+ for (( i=0; i < 2; i++ )) ; do
+ local mtime2=`stat -c %Y $DIR1/$tfile`
+ [ $mtime2 = $TEST_39_MTIME ] || \
+ error "mtime($mtime2) is not set to $TEST_39_MTIME"
+
+ cancel_lru_locks osc
+ if [ $i = 0 ] ; then echo "repeat after cancel_lru_locks"; fi
+ done
+}
+run_test 39f "create, stat, sleep, utime, stat ================="
+
+# bug 11063
+test_39g() {
+ echo hello >> $DIR1/$tfile
+ local mtime1=`stat -c %Y $DIR1/$tfile`
+
+ sleep 2
+ chmod o+r $DIR1/$tfile
+
+ for (( i=0; i < 2; i++ )) ; do
+ local mtime2=`stat -c %Y $DIR1/$tfile`
+ [ "$mtime1" = "$mtime2" ] || \
+ error "lost mtime: $mtime2, should be $mtime1"
+
+ cancel_lru_locks osc
+ if [ $i = 0 ] ; then echo "repeat after cancel_lru_locks"; fi
+ done
+}
+run_test 39g "write, chmod, stat ==============================="
+
+# bug 11063
+test_39h() {
+ touch $DIR1/$tfile
+ sleep 1
+
+ local d1=`date`
+ echo hello >> $DIR1/$tfile
+ local mtime1=`stat -c %Y $DIR1/$tfile`
+
+ touch -m -d @$TEST_39_MTIME $DIR1/$tfile
+ local d2=`date`
+ if [ "$d1" != "$d2" ]; then
+ echo "write and touch not within one second"
+ else
+ for (( i=0; i < 2; i++ )) ; do
+ local mtime2=`stat -c %Y $DIR1/$tfile`
+ [ "$mtime2" = $TEST_39_MTIME ] || \
+ error "lost mtime: $mtime2, should be $TEST_39_MTIME"
+
+ cancel_lru_locks osc
+ if [ $i = 0 ] ; then echo "repeat after cancel_lru_locks"; fi
+ done
+ fi
+}
+run_test 39h "write, utime within one second, stat ============="
+
+test_39i() {
+ touch $DIR1/$tfile
+ sleep 1
+
+ echo hello >> $DIR1/$tfile
+ local mtime1=`stat -c %Y $DIR1/$tfile`
+
+ mv $DIR1/$tfile $DIR1/$tfile-1
+
+ for (( i=0; i < 2; i++ )) ; do
+ local mtime2=`stat -c %Y $DIR1/$tfile-1`
+
+ [ "$mtime1" = "$mtime2" ] || \
+ error "lost mtime: $mtime2, should be $mtime1"
+
+ cancel_lru_locks osc
+ if [ $i = 0 ] ; then echo "repeat after cancel_lru_locks"; fi
+ done
+}
+run_test 39i "write, rename, stat =============================="
+
+test_39j() {
+ touch $DIR1/$tfile
+ sleep 1
+
+ multiop_bg_pause $DIR1/$tfile oO_RDWR:w2097152_c || error "multiop failed"
+ local multipid=$!
+ local mtime1=`stat -c %Y $DIR1/$tfile`
+
+ mv $DIR1/$tfile $DIR1/$tfile-1
+
+ kill -USR1 $multipid
+ wait $multipid || error "multiop close failed"
+
+ for (( i=0; i < 2; i++ )) ; do
+ local mtime2=`stat -c %Y $DIR1/$tfile-1`
+ [ "$mtime1" = "$mtime2" ] || \
+ error "mtime is lost on close: $mtime2, should be $mtime1"
+
+ cancel_lru_locks osc
+ if [ $i = 0 ] ; then echo "repeat after cancel_lru_locks"; fi
+ done
+}
+run_test 39j "write, rename, close, stat ======================="
+
+test_39k() {
+ touch $DIR1/$tfile
+ sleep 1
+
+ multiop_bg_pause $DIR1/$tfile oO_RDWR:w2097152_c || error "multiop failed"
+ local multipid=$!
+ local mtime1=`stat -c %Y $DIR1/$tfile`
+
+ touch -m -d @$TEST_39_MTIME $DIR1/$tfile
+
+ kill -USR1 $multipid
+ wait $multipid || error "multiop close failed"
+
+ for (( i=0; i < 2; i++ )) ; do
+ local mtime2=`stat -c %Y $DIR1/$tfile`
+
+ [ "$mtime2" = $TEST_39_MTIME ] || \
+ error "mtime is lost on close: $mtime2, should be $TEST_39_MTIME"
+
+ cancel_lru_locks osc
+ if [ $i = 0 ] ; then echo "repeat after cancel_lru_locks"; fi
+ done
+}
+run_test 39k "write, utime, close, stat ========================"
+
test_40() {
dd if=/dev/zero of=$DIR/f40 bs=4096 count=1
$RUNAS $OPENFILE -f O_WRONLY:O_TRUNC $DIR/f40 && error
awk '/lustre_inode_cache/ {print $2; exit}' /proc/slabinfo
}
-test_76() { # bug 1443
- DETH=$(grep deathrow /proc/kallsyms /proc/ksyms 2> /dev/null | wc -l)
- [ $DETH -eq 0 ] && skip "No _iget." && return 0
- BEFORE_INODES=`num_inodes`
+test_76() { # Now for bug 20433, added originally in bug 1443
+ cancel_lru_locks osc
+ BEFORE_INODES=`num_inodes`
echo "before inodes: $BEFORE_INODES"
local COUNT=1000
[ "$SLOW" = "no" ] && COUNT=100
touch $DIR/$tfile
rm -f $DIR/$tfile
done
+ cancel_lru_locks osc
AFTER_INODES=`num_inodes`
echo "after inodes: $AFTER_INODES"
- [ $AFTER_INODES -gt $((BEFORE_INODES + 32)) ] && \
- error "inode slab grew from $BEFORE_INODES to $AFTER_INODES"
- true
+ local wait=0
+ while [ $AFTER_INODES -gt $BEFORE_INODES ]; do
+ sleep 2
+ AFTER_INODES=`num_inodes`
+ wait=$((wait+2))
+ echo "wait $wait seconds inodes: $AFTER_INODES"
+ if [ $wait -gt 30 ]; then
+ error "inode slab grew from $BEFORE_INODES to $AFTER_INODES"
+ fi
+ done
}
-run_test 76 "destroy duplicate inodes in client inode cache ===="
+run_test 76 "confirm clients recycle inodes properly ===="
+
export ORIG_CSUM=""
set_checksums()
[ $MINC -gt 0 ] && echo "Wrote $(($MAXC * 100 / $MINC - 100))% more files to larger OST $MAXI1"
[ $MAXC -gt $MINC ] || error_ignore "stripe QOS didn't balance free space"
- rm -rf $DIR/$tdir/OST${MINI}
+ rm -rf $DIR/$tdir
}
run_test 116 "stripe QOS: free space balance ==================="
set_nodes_failloc "$(osts_nodes)" 0x20e
mkdir -p $DIR/$tdir
- for ((i=0;i<10;i++)); do
- (dd if=/dev/zero of=$DIR/$tdir/$tfile-$i bs=1M count=10 || \
+ for ((i=0;i<10;i++)); do
+ (dd if=/dev/zero of=$DIR/$tdir/$tfile-$i bs=1M count=10 || \
error "dd to $DIR/$tdir/$tfile-$i failed" )&
- SLEEPPID=$!
- sleep 0.500s
- kill $SLEEPPID
- wait $SLEEPPID
- done
+ SLEEPPID=$!
+ sleep 0.500s
+ kill $SLEEPPID
+ wait $SLEEPPID
+ done
- set_nodes_failloc "$(osts_nodes)" 0
+ set_nodes_failloc "$(osts_nodes)" 0
+ rm -rf $DIR/$tdir
}
run_test 118k "bio alloc -ENOMEM and IO TERM handling ========="
rm $DIR/$tdir/$tfile
# rename
mv $DIR/$tdir/foo1/sofia $DIR/$tdir/foo2/maggie
- if [ "$($LFS fid2path $DIR --link 1 $FID)" != "/$tdir/foo2/maggie" ]
+ if [ "$($LFS fid2path $FSNAME --link 1 $FID)" != "$tdir/foo2/maggie" ]
then
$LFS fid2path $DIR $FID
err17935 "bad link rename"
mkdir -p $DIR/$tdir/d2/p/q/r
# regular file
FID=$($LFS path2fid $DIR/$tdir/d2/$tfile | tr -d '[')
- check_path "/$tdir/d2/$tfile" $DIR $FID --link 0
+ check_path "$tdir/d2/$tfile" $FSNAME $FID --link 0
# softlink
ln -s $DIR/$tdir/d2/$tfile $DIR/$tdir/d2/p/q/r/slink
FID=$($LFS path2fid $DIR/$tdir/d2/p/q/r/slink | tr -d '[')
- check_path "/$tdir/d2/p/q/r/slink" $DIR $FID --link 0
+ check_path "$tdir/d2/p/q/r/slink" $FSNAME $FID --link 0
# hardlink
ln $DIR/$tdir/d2/$tfile $DIR/$tdir/d2/p/q/r/hlink
mv $DIR/$tdir/d2/$tfile $DIR/$tdir/d2/a/b/c/new_file
FID=$($LFS path2fid $DIR/$tdir/d2/a/b/c/new_file | tr -d '[')
# fid2path dir/fsname should both work
- check_path "/$tdir/d2/a/b/c/new_file" $FSNAME $FID --link 1
- check_path "/$tdir/d2/p/q/r/hlink" $DIR $FID --link 0
+ check_path "$tdir/d2/a/b/c/new_file" $FSNAME $FID --link 1
+ check_path "$DIR/$tdir/d2/p/q/r/hlink" $DIR $FID --link 0
# hardlink count: check that there are 2 links
# Doesnt work with CMD yet: 17935
# hardlink indexing: remove the first link
rm $DIR/$tdir/d2/p/q/r/hlink
- check_path "/$tdir/d2/a/b/c/new_file" $DIR $FID --link 0
+ check_path "$tdir/d2/a/b/c/new_file" $FSNAME $FID --link 0
return 0
}
local rc=0
local ost_nid=$1
local obdfilter_name=$2
+ echo "Creating new osc for $obdfilter_name on $ost_nid"
[ $rc -eq 0 ] && { $LCTL attach osc ${obdfilter_name}_osc \
${obdfilter_name}_osc_UUID || rc=2; }
[ $rc -eq 0 ] && { $LCTL --device ${obdfilter_name}_osc setup \
return $rc
}
-cleaup_obdecho_osc () {
+cleanup_obdecho_osc () {
local obdfilter_name=$1
$LCTL --device ${obdfilter_name}_osc cleanup >/dev/null
$LCTL --device ${obdfilter_name}_osc detach >/dev/null
local OBD=$1
local node=$2
local rc=0
+ local id
do_facet $node "$LCTL attach echo_client ec ec_uuid" || rc=1
- [ $rc -eq 0 ] && { do_facet $node "$LCTL --device ec setup $OBD" || \
+ [ $rc -eq 0 ] && { do_facet $node "$LCTL --device ec setup $OBD" ||
rc=2; }
- [ $rc -eq 0 ] && { do_facet $node "$LCTL --device ec create 1" || \
- rc=3; }
- [ $rc -eq 0 ] && { do_facet $node "$LCTL --device ec test_brw 0 w 1" ||\
+ if [ $rc -eq 0 ]; then
+ id=$(do_facet $node "$LCTL --device ec create 1" | awk '/object id/ {print $6}')
+ [ ${PIPESTATUS[0]} -eq 0 -a -n "$id" ] || rc=3
+ fi
+ echo "New object id is $id"
+ [ $rc -eq 0 ] && { do_facet $node "$LCTL --device ec test_brw 10 w v 64 $id" ||
rc=4; }
[ $rc -eq 0 -o $rc -gt 2 ] && { do_facet $node "$LCTL --device ec " \
"cleanup" || rc=5; }
[ $rc -eq 0 -o $rc -gt 1 ] && { do_facet $node "$LCTL --device ec " \
"detach" || rc=6; }
+ [ $rc -ne 0 ] && echo "obecho_create_test failed: $rc"
return $rc
}
-test_180() {
+test_180a() {
local rc=0
local rmmod_local=0
- local rmmod_remote=0
- lsmod | grep -q obdecho || \
- { load_module obdecho/obdecho && rmmod_local=1; }
- OBD=$($LCTL dl | grep -v mdt | grep osc | awk '{print $4;exit}')
- HOST=$($LCTL dl -t | grep -v mdt | grep osc | awk '{print $7;exit}')
- OBD=`echo $OBD | sed 's/-osc-.*$//'`
- [ "x$OBD" != "x" ] && { setup_obdecho_osc $HOST $OBD || rc=1; } || rc=1
- [ $rc -eq 0 ] && { obdecho_create_test ${OBD}_osc client || rc=2; }
- [ "x$OBD" != "x" ] && cleaup_obdecho_osc $OBD
+ if ! module_loaded obdecho; then
+ load_module obdecho/obdecho
+ rmmod_local=1
+ fi
+
+ local osc=$($LCTL dl | grep -v mdt | awk '$3 == "osc" {print $4; exit}')
+ local host=$(awk '/current_connection:/ {print $2}' /proc/fs/lustre/osc/$osc/import)
+ local target=$(awk '/target:/ {print $2}' /proc/fs/lustre/osc/$osc/import)
+ target=${target%_UUID}
+
+ [[ -n $target ]] && { setup_obdecho_osc $host $target || rc=1; } || rc=1
+ [ $rc -eq 0 ] && { obdecho_create_test ${target}_osc client || rc=2; }
+ [[ -n $target ]] && cleanup_obdecho_osc $target
[ $rmmod_local -eq 1 ] && rmmod obdecho
- [ $rc -eq 0 ] || return $rc
+ return $rc
+}
+run_test 180a "test obdecho on osc"
+
+test_180b() {
+ local rc=0
+ local rmmod_remote=0
do_facet ost "lsmod | grep -q obdecho || " \
"{ insmod ${LUSTRE}/obdecho/obdecho.ko || " \
"modprobe obdecho; }" && rmmod_remote=1
- OBD=$(do_facet ost $LCTL dl | awk '/obdfilter/ {print $4;exit}')
- [ "x$OBD" != "x" ] && { obdecho_create_test $OBD ost || rc=3; }
+ target=$(do_facet ost $LCTL dl | awk '/obdfilter/ {print $4;exit}')
+ [[ -n $target ]] && { obdecho_create_test $target ost || rc=1; }
[ $rmmod_remote -eq 1 ] && do_facet ost "rmmod obdecho"
- [ $rc -eq 0 ] || return $rc
-
- true
+ return $rc
}
-run_test 180 "test obdecho ============================================"
+run_test 180b "test obdecho directly on obdfilter"
# OST pools tests
POOL=${POOL:-cea1}
TGTPOOL_STEP=2
TGTPOOL_LIST=`seq $TGTPOOL_FIRST $TGTPOOL_STEP $TGTPOOL_MAX`
POOL_ROOT=${POOL_ROOT:-$DIR/d200.pools}
-POOL_DIR=$POOL_ROOT/dir_tst
+POOL_DIR_NAME=dir_tst
+POOL_DIR=$POOL_ROOT/$POOL_DIR_NAME
POOL_FILE=$POOL_ROOT/file_tst
check_file_in_pool()
mkdir -p $POOL_DIR
$SETSTRIPE -c 2 -p $POOL $POOL_DIR
[ $? = 0 ] || error "Cannot set pool $POOL to $POOL_DIR"
+ # b-19919 test relative path works well
+ mkdir -p $POOL_DIR/$POOL_DIR_NAME
+ cd $POOL_DIR
+ $SETSTRIPE -c 2 -p $POOL $POOL_DIR_NAME
+ [ $? = 0 ] || error "Cannot set pool $POOL to $POOL_DIR/$POOL_DIR_NAME"
+ $SETSTRIPE -c 2 -p $POOL ./$POOL_DIR_NAME
+ [ $? = 0 ] || error "Cannot set pool $POOL to $POOL_DIR/./$POOL_DIR_NAME"
+ $SETSTRIPE -c 2 -p $POOL ../$POOL_DIR_NAME
+ [ $? = 0 ] || error "Cannot set pool $POOL to $POOL_DIR/../$POOL_DIR_NAME"
+ $SETSTRIPE -c 2 -p $POOL ../$POOL_DIR_NAME/$POOL_DIR_NAME
+ [ $? = 0 ] || error "Cannot set pool $POOL to $POOL_DIR/../$POOL_DIR_NAME/$POOL_DIR_NAME"
+ rm -rf $POOL_DIR_NAME; cd -
}
run_test 200c "Set pool on a directory ================================="