lustre/tests/mdsrate.c

   1 /* -*- mode: c; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; -*-
   2  * vim:expandtab:shiftwidth=8:tabstop=8:
   3  *
   4  * 2003, Copyright, Hewlett-Packard Development Compnay, LP.
   5  *
   6  * Developed under the sponsorship of the U.S. Government
   7  *     under Subcontract No. B514193
   8  */
   9
  10 /*
  11  * Copyright 2008 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
  12  * Use is subject to license terms.
  13  */
  14
  15 #include <stdio.h>
  16 #include <getopt.h>
  17 #include <libgen.h>
  18 #include <sys/types.h>
  19 #include <sys/stat.h>
  20 #include <time.h>
  21 #include <limits.h>
  22 #include <errno.h>
  23 #include <string.h>
  24 #include <fcntl.h>
  25 #include <unistd.h>
  26 #include <stdlib.h>
  27 #include <stdarg.h>
  28 #include <signal.h>
  29 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  30 #include <dirent.h>
  31
  32 #include "mpi.h"
  33
  34 /* lustre */
  35 #include <lustre/liblustreapi.h>        /* for O_LOV_DELAY_CREATE */
  36
  37 #define CHECK_COUNT 10000
  38 #define DISPLAY_COUNT (CHECK_COUNT * 10)
  39 #define DISPLAY_TIME 100
  40
  41 enum {
  42         CREATE   = 'c',
  43         LOOKUP   = 'l',
  44         MKNOD    = 'm',
  45         OPEN     = 'o',
  46         STAT     = 's',
  47         UNLINK   = 'u',
  48         BEGIN    = 'b',
  49         ITERS    = 'i',
  50         TIME     = 't',
  51         DIRFMT   = 'd',
  52         NDIRS    = 'D',
  53         FILEFMT  = 'f',
  54         NFILES   = 'F',
  55         NOEXCL   = 'X',
  56         STRIPES  = 'S',
  57         SEED     = 'r',
  58         SEEDFILE = 'R',
  59         RANDOM   = 'A',
  60         READDIR  = 'B',
  61         RECREATE = 'C',
  62         VERBOSE  = 'V',
  63         DEBUG    = 'v',
  64         HELP     = 'h',
  65 };
  66
  67 struct option longOpts[] = {
  68         {"create",        0, NULL, CREATE     },
  69         {"lookup",        0, NULL, LOOKUP     },
  70         {"mknod",         0, NULL, MKNOD      },
  71         {"open",          0, NULL, OPEN       },
  72         {"stat",          0, NULL, STAT       },
  73         {"unlink",        0, NULL, UNLINK     },
  74         {"begin",         1, NULL, BEGIN      },
  75         {"iters",         1, NULL, ITERS      },
  76         {"time",          1, NULL, TIME       },   /* seconds */
  77         {"dirfmt",        1, NULL, DIRFMT     },
  78         {"ndirs",         1, NULL, NDIRS      },
  79         {"filefmt",       1, NULL, FILEFMT    },
  80         {"nfiles",        1, NULL, NFILES     },
  81         {"noexcl",        0, NULL, NOEXCL     },
  82         {"stripes",       1, NULL, STRIPES    },
  83         {"seed",          1, NULL, SEED       },
  84         {"seedfile",      1, NULL, SEEDFILE   },
  85         {"random_order",  0, NULL, RANDOM     },
  86         {"readdir_order", 0, NULL, READDIR    },
  87         {"recreate",      0, NULL, RECREATE   },
  88         {"verbose",       0, NULL, VERBOSE    },
  89         {"debug",         0, NULL, DEBUG      },
  90         {"help",          0, NULL, HELP       },
  91         { 0,              0, NULL, 0          }
  92 };
  93
  94 int foo1, foo2;
  95
  96 char   shortOpts[128];
  97 int    myrank = -1;
  98 int    nthreads = -1;
  99 char * prog;
 100 char   hostname[512] = "unknown";
 101 char   mode;
 102 char * cmd;
 103 int    openflags = O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL;
 104 int    ndirs = 1;
 105 char * dirfmt;
 106 char   dir[PATH_MAX];
 107 char   mkdir_cmd[PATH_MAX+14];
 108 int    dirthreads;
 109 int    dirnum;
 110 DIR *  directory;
 111 struct dirent *dir_entry;
 112 int    nfiles;
 113 char   filefmt[PATH_MAX];
 114 char   filename[PATH_MAX];
 115 int    stripes = -1;
 116 int    begin;
 117 int    beginsave;
 118 int    end;
 119 int    iters;
 120 int    seconds;
 121 int    alarm_caught;
 122 struct sigaction act;
 123 int    order = RANDOM;
 124 int    seed;
 125 int    recreate;
 126 int    verbose;
 127 int    debug;
 128 struct stat statbuf;
 129
 130 #define dmesg if (debug) printf
 131
 132 #define DISPLAY_PROGRESS() {                                                \
 133         if ((++nops % CHECK_COUNT) == 0 && verbose) {                       \
 134                 curTime = time(0);                                          \
 135                 interval = curTime - lastTime;                              \
 136                 if (interval > DISPLAY_TIME || nops % DISPLAY_COUNT == 0) { \
 137                         rate = (float)(nops - lastOps);                     \
 138                         if (interval > 1)                                   \
 139                                 rate /= (float)interval;                    \
 140                         printf("Rank %d: %.2f %ss/sec %lu secs "            \
 141                                "(total: %d %ss %lu secs)\n",                \
 142                                myrank, rate, cmd, interval,                 \
 143                                nops, cmd, curTime - startTime);             \
 144                         lastOps = nops;                                     \
 145                         lastTime = curTime;                                 \
 146                 }                                                           \
 147         }                                                                   \
 148 }
 149
 150 char *usage_msg = "usage: %s\n"
 151                   "    { --create [ --noexcl ] | --lookup | --mknod |\n"
 152                   "      --open | --stat | --unlink  [ --recreate ] }\n"
 153                   "    [ --help ] [ --verbose ] [ --debug ]\n"
 154                   "    { [ --begin <num> ] --nfiles <num> }\n"
 155                   "    [ --iters <num> ] [ --time <secs> ]\n"
 156                   "    [ --dirfmt <str> ] [ --ndirs  <num> ]\n"
 157                   "    [ --filefmt <str> ] [ --stripes <num> ]\n"
 158                   "    [ --random_order [--seed <num> | --seedfile <file>] ]\n"
 159                   "    [ --readdir_order ]\n";
 160
 161 static void
 162 usage(FILE *stream, char *fmt, ...)
 163 {
 164         if (myrank == 0) {
 165                 if (fmt != NULL) {
 166                         va_list       ap;
 167
 168                         fprintf(stream, "%s: ", prog);
 169                         va_start(ap, fmt);
 170                         vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
 171                         va_end(ap);
 172                 }
 173                 fprintf(stream, usage_msg, prog);
 174         }
 175
 176         MPI_Finalize();
 177         exit(stream == stderr);
 178 }
 179
 180 /* Print process myrank and message, and exit (i.e. a fatal error) */
 181 static int
 182 fatal(int rank, const char *fmt, ...)
 183 {
 184         if (rank == myrank) {
 185                 va_list       ap;
 186
 187                 fprintf(stderr, "rank %d: ", rank);
 188                 va_start(ap, fmt);
 189                 vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
 190                 va_end(ap);
 191         }
 192
 193         MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
 194         exit(1);
 195 }
 196
 197 static void
 198 sigalrm_handler(int signum)
 199 {
 200         alarm_caught++;
 201 }
 202
 203 /* HAVE_LLAPI_FILE_LOOKUP is defined by liblustreapi.h if this function is
 204  * defined therein.  Otherwise we can do the equivalent operation via ioctl
 205  * if we have access to a complete lustre build tree to get the various
 206  * definitions - then compile with USE_MDC_LOOKUP defined. */
 207 #if defined(HAVE_LLAPI_FILE_LOOKUP)
 208 #define HAVE_MDC_LOOKUP
 209 #elif defined(USE_MDC_LOOKUP)
 210 #include <config.h>
 211 #include <liblustre.h>
 212 #include <linux/lustre_lib.h>
 213
 214 int llapi_file_lookup(int dirfd, const char *name)
 215 {
 216         struct obd_ioctl_data data = { 0 };
 217         char rawbuf[8192];
 218         char *buf = rawbuf;
 219         int rc;
 220
 221         if (dirfd < 0 || name == NULL)
 222                 return -EINVAL;
 223
 224         data.ioc_version = OBD_IOCTL_VERSION;
 225         data.ioc_len = sizeof(data);
 226         data.ioc_inlbuf1 = name;
 227         data.ioc_inllen1 = strlen(name) + 1;
 228
 229         rc = obd_ioctl_pack(&data, &buf, sizeof(rawbuf));
 230         if (rc) {
 231                 fatal(myrank, "ioctl_pack failed: rc = %d\n", rc);
 232                 return rc;
 233         }
 234
 235         return ioctl(fd, IOC_MDC_LOOKUP, buf);
 236 }
 237 #define HAVE_MDC_LOOKUP
 238 #endif
 239
 240 static void
 241 process_args(int argc, char *argv[])
 242 {
 243         char   c, *cp, *endptr;
 244         int    i, index, offset, tmpend, rc;
 245         char   tmp[16];
 246         FILE * seed_file;
 247         struct option *opt;
 248
 249         setbuf(stdout, 0);
 250         setbuf(stderr, 0);
 251         prog = basename(argv[0]);
 252         strcpy(filefmt, "f%d");
 253         gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname));
 254
 255         /* auto create shortOpts rather than maintaining a static string. */
 256         for (opt = longOpts, cp = shortOpts; opt->name != NULL; opt++, cp++) {
 257                 *cp = opt->val;
 258                 if (opt->has_arg)
 259                         *++cp = ':';
 260         }
 261
 262         while ((c = getopt_long(argc,argv, shortOpts, longOpts,&index)) != -1) {
 263                 switch (c) {
 264                 case OPEN:
 265                         openflags &= ~(O_CREAT|O_EXCL);
 266                 case CREATE:
 267 #ifdef HAVE_MDC_LOOKUP
 268                 case LOOKUP:
 269 #endif
 270                 case MKNOD:
 271                 case STAT:
 272                 case UNLINK:
 273                         if (cmd != NULL) {
 274                                 fatal(0, "Invalid - more than one operation "
 275                                            "specified: --%s\n",
 276                                         longOpts[index].name);
 277                         }
 278                         mode = c;
 279                         cmd = (char *)longOpts[index].name;
 280                         break;
 281                 case NOEXCL:
 282                         if (mode != CREATE && mode != MKNOD) {
 283                                 usage(stderr, "--noexcl only applies to "
 284                                               "--create or --mknod.\n");
 285                         }
 286                         openflags &= ~O_EXCL;
 287                         break;
 288                 case RECREATE:
 289                         if (mode != UNLINK) {
 290                                 usage(stderr, "--recreate only makes sense"
 291                                               "with --unlink.\n");
 292                         }
 293                         recreate++;
 294                         break;
 295                 case BEGIN:
 296                         begin = strtol(optarg, &endptr, 0);
 297                         if ((*endptr != 0) || (begin < 0)) {
 298                                 fatal(0, "Invalid --start value.\n");
 299                         }
 300                         break;
 301                 case ITERS:
 302                         iters = strtol(optarg, &endptr, 0);
 303                         if ((*endptr != 0) || (iters <= 0)) {
 304                                 fatal(0, "Invalid --iters value.\n");
 305                         }
 306                         if (mode != LOOKUP && mode != OPEN && mode != STAT) {
 307                                 usage(stderr, "--iters only makes sense with "
 308                                               "--lookup, --open, or --stat.\n");
 309                         }
 310                         break;
 311                 case TIME:
 312                         seconds = strtol(optarg, &endptr, 0);
 313                         if ((*endptr != 0) || (seconds <= 0)) {
 314                                 fatal(0, "Invalid --time value.\n");
 315                         }
 316                         break;
 317                 case DIRFMT:
 318                         if (strlen(optarg) > (PATH_MAX - 16)) {
 319                                 fatal(0, "--dirfmt too long\n");
 320                         }
 321                         dirfmt = optarg;
 322                         break;
 323                 case NDIRS:
 324                         ndirs = strtol(optarg, &endptr, 0);
 325                         if ((*endptr != 0) || (ndirs <= 0)) {
 326                                 fatal(0, "Invalid --ndirs value.\n");
 327                         }
 328                         if ((ndirs > nthreads) &&
 329                             ((mode == CREATE) || (mode == MKNOD))) {
 330                                 fatal(0, "--ndirs=%d must be less than or "
 331                                       "equal to the number of threads (%d).\n",
 332                                       ndirs, nthreads);
 333                         }
 334                         break;
 335                 case FILEFMT:
 336                         if (strlen(optarg) > 4080) {
 337                                 fatal(0, "--filefmt too long\n");
 338                         }
 339
 340                         /* Use %%d where you want the file # in the name. */
 341                         sprintf(filefmt, optarg, myrank);
 342                         break;
 343                 case NFILES:
 344                         nfiles = strtol(optarg, &endptr, 0);
 345                         if ((*endptr != 0) || (nfiles <= 0)) {
 346                                 fatal(0, "Invalid --nfiles value.\n");
 347                         }
 348                         break;
 349                 case STRIPES:
 350                         stripes = strtol(optarg, &endptr, 0);
 351                         if ((*endptr != 0) || (stripes < 0)) {
 352                                 fatal(0, "Invalid --stripes value.\n");
 353                         }
 354
 355                         if (stripes == 0) {
 356                                 openflags |= O_LOV_DELAY_CREATE;
 357                         } else {
 358                                 fatal(0, "non-zero --stripes value "
 359                                          "not yet supported.\n");
 360                         }
 361
 362                         break;
 363                 case SEED:
 364                         seed = strtoul(optarg, &endptr, 0);
 365                         if (*endptr) {
 366                                 fatal(0, "bad --seed option %s\n", optarg);
 367                         }
 368                         break;
 369                 case SEEDFILE:
 370                         seed_file = fopen(optarg, "r");
 371                         if (!seed_file) {
 372                               fatal(myrank, "fopen(%s) error: %s\n",
 373                                       optarg, strerror(errno));
 374                         }
 375
 376                         for (i = -1; fgets(tmp, 16, seed_file) != NULL;) {
 377                                 if (++i == myrank)
 378                                         break;
 379                         }
 380
 381                         if (i == myrank) {
 382                                 rc = sscanf(tmp, "%d", &seed);
 383                                 if ((rc != 1) || (seed < 0)) {
 384                                         fatal(myrank, "Invalid seed value '%s' "
 385                                               "at line %d in %s.\n",
 386                                               tmp, i, optarg);
 387                                 }
 388                         } else {
 389                                 fatal(myrank, "File '%s' too short. Does not "
 390                                       "contain a seed for thread %d.\n",
 391                                       optarg, myrank);
 392                         }
 393
 394                         fclose(seed_file);
 395                         break;
 396                 case RANDOM:
 397                 case READDIR:
 398                         if (mode != LOOKUP && mode != OPEN && mode != STAT)  {
 399                                 fatal(0, "--%s can only be specified with "
 400                                          "--lookup, --open, or --stat.\n",
 401                                       (char *)longOpts[index].name);
 402                         }
 403                         order = c;
 404                         break;
 405                 case DEBUG:
 406                         ++debug;
 407                 case VERBOSE:
 408                         ++verbose;
 409                         break;
 410                 case HELP:
 411                         usage(stdout, NULL);
 412                 default:
 413                         usage(stderr, "unrecognized option: '%c'.\n", optopt);
 414                 }
 415         }
 416
 417         if (optind < argc) {
 418                 usage(stderr, "too many arguments %d >= %d.\n", optind, argc);
 419         }
 420
 421         if (mode == CREATE || mode == MKNOD || mode == UNLINK) {
 422                 if (seconds != 0) {
 423                         if (nfiles == 0)
 424                                 nfiles = INT_MAX;
 425                 } else if (nfiles == 0) {
 426                         usage(stderr, "--nfiles or --time must be specified "
 427                                       "with %s.\n", cmd);
 428                 }
 429         } else if (mode == LOOKUP || mode == OPEN || mode == STAT) {
 430                 if (seconds != 0) {
 431                         if (iters == 0)
 432                                 iters = INT_MAX;
 433                 } else if (iters == 0) {
 434                         usage(stderr, "--iters or --time must be specifed "
 435                                       "with %s.\n", cmd);
 436                 }
 437
 438                 if (nfiles == 0) {
 439                         usage(stderr, "--nfiles must be specifed with --%s.\n",
 440                               cmd);
 441                 }
 442
 443                 if (seed == 0) {
 444                         int fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY);
 445
 446                         if (fd >= 0) {
 447                                 if (read(fd, &seed, sizeof(seed)) <
 448                                     sizeof(seed))
 449                                         seed = time(0);
 450                                 close(fd);
 451                         } else {
 452                                 seed = time(0);
 453                         }
 454                 }
 455
 456                 srand(seed);
 457
 458                 dmesg("%s: rank %d seed %d (%s).\n", prog, myrank, seed,
 459                       (order == RANDOM) ? "random_order" : "readdir_order");
 460         } else {
 461                 usage(stderr, "one --create, --mknod, --open, --stat,"
 462 #ifdef HAVE_MDC_LOOKUP
 463                       " --lookup,"
 464 #endif
 465                       " or --unlink must be specifed.");
 466         }
 467
 468         /* support for multiple threads in a dir, set begin/end appropriately.*/
 469         dirnum = myrank % ndirs;
 470         dirthreads = nthreads / ndirs;
 471         if (nthreads > (ndirs * dirthreads + dirnum))
 472                 ++dirthreads;
 473
 474         offset = myrank / ndirs;
 475
 476         tmpend = begin + nfiles - 1;
 477         if (tmpend <= 0)
 478                 tmpend = INT_MAX;
 479
 480         end = begin + (nfiles / dirthreads) * dirthreads + offset;
 481         if ((end > tmpend) || (end <= 0))
 482                 end -= dirthreads;
 483
 484         begin += offset;
 485         if (begin < 0)
 486                 begin = INT_MAX;
 487
 488         beginsave = begin;
 489
 490         dmesg("%d: iters %d nfiles %d time %d begin %d end %d dirthreads %d."
 491               "\n", myrank, iters, nfiles, seconds, begin, end, dirthreads);
 492
 493         if (dirfmt == NULL) {
 494                 strcpy(dir, ".");
 495         } else {
 496                 sprintf(dir, dirfmt, dirnum);
 497
 498                 sprintf(mkdir_cmd, "/bin/mkdir -p %s", dir);
 499                 #ifdef _LIGHTWEIGHT_KERNEL
 500                         printf("NOTICE: not running system(%s)\n", mkdir_cmd);
 501                 #else
 502                         rc = system(mkdir_cmd);
 503                         if (rc) {
 504                                 fatal(myrank, "'%s' failed.\n", mkdir_cmd);
 505                         }
 506                 #endif
 507
 508                 rc = chdir(dir);
 509                 if (rc) {
 510                         fatal(myrank, "unable to chdir to '%s'.\n", dir);
 511                 }
 512         }
 513 }
 514
 515 static inline char *next_file()
 516 {
 517         if (order == RANDOM) {
 518                 sprintf(filename, filefmt, random() % nfiles);
 519                 return(filename);
 520         }
 521
 522         /* readdir order */
 523
 524         dir_entry = readdir(directory);
 525         if (dir_entry == NULL) {
 526                 rewinddir(directory);
 527                 while ((dir_entry = readdir(directory)) != NULL) {
 528                         if (dir_entry->d_name[0] != '.')
 529                                 return(dir_entry->d_name);
 530                 }
 531
 532                 fatal(myrank, "unable to read directory %s (%s).\n",
 533                       dir, strerror(errno));
 534         }
 535
 536         return(dir_entry->d_name);
 537 }
 538
 539 int
 540 main(int argc, char *argv[])
 541 {
 542         int    i, j, fd, rc, nops, lastOps, ag_ops;
 543         float  rate, ag_rate;
 544         time_t startTime, lastTime, curTime, interval;
 545         char * file;
 546
 547         rc = MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);
 548         if (rc != MPI_SUCCESS)
 549                 fatal(myrank, "MPI_Init failed: %d\n", rc);
 550
 551         rc = MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &nthreads);
 552         if (rc != MPI_SUCCESS)
 553                 fatal(myrank, "MPI_Comm_size failed: %d\n", rc);
 554
 555         rc = MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &myrank);
 556         if (rc != MPI_SUCCESS)
 557                 fatal(myrank, "MPI_Comm_rank failed: %d\n", rc);
 558
 559         process_args(argc, argv);
 560
 561         startTime = time(0);
 562         if ((myrank == 0) || debug) {
 563                 printf("%d: %s starting at %s",
 564                        myrank, hostname, ctime(&startTime));
 565         }
 566
 567         /* if we're not measuring creation rates then precreate
 568          * the files we're operating on. */
 569         if ((mode != CREATE) && (mode != MKNOD)) {
 570                 /* create the files in reverse order. When we encounter
 571                  * a file that already exists, assume the remainder of
 572                  * the files exist to save time. The timed performance
 573                  * test scripts make use of this behavior. */
 574                 for (i = end, j = 0; i >= begin; i -= dirthreads) {
 575                         sprintf(filename, filefmt, i);
 576                         fd = open(filename, openflags, 0644);
 577                         if (fd < 0) {
 578                                 if (errno == EEXIST)
 579                                         break;
 580                                 rc = errno;
 581                                 fatal(myrank, "precreate open(%s) error: %s\n",
 582                                       filename, strerror(rc));
 583                         }
 584                         j++;
 585                         close(fd);
 586                 }
 587                 dmesg("%d: %s pre-created %d files.\n",myrank,hostname,j);
 588
 589                 rc = MPI_Barrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD);
 590                 if (rc != MPI_SUCCESS)
 591                         fatal(myrank, "prep MPI_Barrier failed: %d\n", rc);
 592         }
 593
 594         if (order == READDIR) {
 595                 directory = opendir(dir);
 596                 if (directory == NULL) {
 597                         rc = errno;
 598                         fatal(myrank, "opendir(%s) error: %s\n",
 599                               dir, strerror(rc));
 600                 }
 601
 602                 startTime = time(0);
 603                 j = random() % nfiles;
 604                 dmesg("%d: %s initializing dir offset %u: %s",
 605                       myrank, hostname, j, ctime(&startTime));
 606
 607                 for (i = 0; i <= j; i++) {
 608                         if ((dir_entry = readdir(directory)) == NULL) {
 609                                 fatal(myrank, "could not read entry number %d "
 610                                       "in directory %s.\n", i, dir);
 611                         }
 612                 }
 613
 614                 lastTime = time(0);
 615                 dmesg("%d: index %d, filename %s, offset %ld: "
 616                       "%s initialization complete: %s",
 617                       myrank, i, dir_entry->d_name, telldir(directory),
 618                       hostname, ctime(&lastTime));
 619         }
 620
 621         rc = MPI_Barrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD);
 622         if (rc != MPI_SUCCESS)
 623                 fatal(myrank, "prep MPI_Barrier failed: %d\n", rc);
 624
 625         if (seconds) {
 626                 act.sa_handler = sigalrm_handler;
 627                 (void)sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
 628                 act.sa_flags = 0;
 629                 sigaction(SIGALRM, &act, NULL);
 630                 alarm(seconds);
 631         }
 632
 633         startTime = lastTime = time(0);
 634         nops = lastOps = 0;
 635
 636         switch (mode) {
 637         case CREATE:
 638                 for (; begin <= end && !alarm_caught; begin += dirthreads) {
 639                         sprintf(filename, filefmt, begin);
 640                         if ((fd = open(filename, openflags, 0644)) < 0) {
 641                                 if (((rc = errno) == EINTR) && alarm_caught)
 642                                         break;
 643                                 fatal(myrank, "open(%s) error: %s\n",
 644                                       filename, strerror(rc));
 645                         }
 646
 647                         close(fd);
 648                         DISPLAY_PROGRESS();
 649                 }
 650
 651                 dmesg("%d: created %d files, last file '%s'.\n",
 652                       myrank, nops, filename);
 653                 break;
 654 #ifdef HAVE_MDC_LOOKUP
 655         case LOOKUP:
 656                 fd = open(dir, O_RDONLY);
 657                 if (fd < 0) {
 658                         fatal(myrank, "open(dir == '%s') error: %s\n",
 659                               dir, strerror(errno));
 660                 }
 661
 662                 for (; nops < iters && !alarm_caught;) {
 663                         char *filename = next_file();
 664                         rc = llapi_file_lookup(fd, filename);
 665                         if (rc < 0) {
 666                                 if (((rc = errno) == EINTR) && alarm_caught)
 667                                         break;
 668                                 fatal(myrank, "llapi_file_lookup(%s) "
 669                                       "error: %s\n", filename, strerror(rc));
 670                         }
 671
 672                         DISPLAY_PROGRESS();
 673                 }
 674                 break;
 675 #endif
 676         case MKNOD:
 677                 for (; begin <= end && !alarm_caught; begin += dirthreads) {
 678                         sprintf(filename, filefmt, begin);
 679                         rc = mknod(filename, S_IFREG| 0644, 0);
 680                         if (rc) {
 681                                 if (((rc = errno) == EINTR) && alarm_caught)
 682                                         break;
 683                                 fatal(myrank, "mknod(%s) error: %s\n",
 684                                       filename, strerror(rc));
 685                         }
 686
 687                         DISPLAY_PROGRESS();
 688                 }
 689                 break;
 690         case OPEN:
 691                 for (; nops < iters && !alarm_caught;) {
 692                         file = next_file();
 693                         if ((fd = open(file, openflags, 0644)) < 0) {
 694                                 if (((rc = errno) == EINTR) && alarm_caught)
 695                                         break;
 696                                 fatal(myrank, "open(%s) error: %s\n",
 697                                       file, strerror(rc));
 698                         }
 699
 700                         close(fd);
 701
 702                         DISPLAY_PROGRESS();
 703                 }
 704                 break;
 705         case STAT:
 706                 for (; nops < iters && !alarm_caught;) {
 707                         rc = stat(file = next_file(), &statbuf);
 708                         if (rc) {
 709                                 if (((rc = errno) == EINTR) && alarm_caught)
 710                                         break;
 711                                 fatal(myrank, "stat(%s) error: %s\n",
 712                                       file, strerror(rc));
 713                         }
 714
 715                         DISPLAY_PROGRESS();
 716                 }
 717                 break;
 718         case UNLINK:
 719                 for (; begin <= end && !alarm_caught; begin += dirthreads) {
 720                         sprintf(filename, filefmt, begin);
 721                         rc = unlink(filename);
 722                         if (rc) {
 723                                 if (((rc = errno) == EINTR) && alarm_caught)
 724                                         break;
 725                                 fatal(myrank, "unlink(%s) error: %s\n",
 726                                       filename, strerror(rc));
 727                         }
 728
 729                         DISPLAY_PROGRESS();
 730                 }
 731                 break;
 732         }
 733
 734         curTime = time(0);
 735         interval = curTime - startTime;
 736         rate = (float)(nops);
 737         if (interval != 0)
 738                 rate /= (float)interval;
 739
 740         rc = MPI_Reduce(&nops, &ag_ops, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, 0,
 741                         MPI_COMM_WORLD);
 742         if (rc != MPI_SUCCESS) {
 743                 fatal(myrank, "Failure in MPI_Reduce of total ops.\n");
 744         }
 745
 746         rc = MPI_Reduce(&rate, &ag_rate, 1, MPI_FLOAT, MPI_SUM, 0,
 747                         MPI_COMM_WORLD);
 748         if (rc != MPI_SUCCESS) {
 749                 fatal(myrank, "Failure in MPI_Reduce of aggregated rate.\n");
 750         }
 751
 752         if (myrank == 0) {
 753                 printf("Rate: %.2f %ss/sec (total: %d threads %d %ss %lu secs)"
 754                        "\n", ag_rate, cmd, nthreads, ag_ops, cmd, interval);
 755         }
 756
 757         if (recreate) {
 758                 for (begin = beginsave; begin <= end; begin += dirthreads) {
 759                         sprintf(filename, filefmt, begin);
 760                         if ((fd = open(filename, openflags, 0644)) < 0) {
 761                                 rc = errno;
 762                                 if (rc == EEXIST)
 763                                         break;
 764                                 fatal(myrank, "recreate open(%s) error: %s\n",
 765                                       filename, strerror(rc));
 766                         }
 767
 768                         close(fd);
 769                 }
 770         }
 771
 772         curTime = time(0);
 773         if ((myrank == 0) || debug) {
 774                 printf("%d: %s finished at %s",
 775                        myrank, hostname, ctime(&curTime));
 776         }
 777
 778         MPI_Finalize();
 779         return(0);
 780 }