ConfigurationFilesModuleParameters.xml

   1 <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xl="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:lang="en-US" xml:id="configurationfilesmoduleparameters">
   2     <title xml:id="configurationfilesmoduleparameters.title">Configuration Files and Module Parameters</title>
   3   <para>This section describes configuration files and module parameters and includes the following sections:</para>
   4   <itemizedlist>
   5     <listitem>
   6       <para><xref linkend="dbdoclet.50438293_15350"/></para>
   7     </listitem>
   8     <listitem>
   9       <para><xref linkend="dbdoclet.50438293_78010"/></para>
  10     </listitem>
  11   </itemizedlist>
  12   <section xml:id="dbdoclet.50438293_15350">
  13       <title>
  14           <indexterm><primary>configuring</primary></indexterm>
  15           <indexterm><primary>LNet</primary><see>configuring</see></indexterm>
  16
  17
  18           Introduction</title>
  19     <para>LNet network hardware and routing are now configured via module parameters. Parameters should be specified in the <literal>/etc/modprobe.d/lustre.conf</literal>file, for example:</para>
  20     <screen>options lnet networks=tcp0(eth2)</screen>
  21     <para>The above option specifies that this node should use the TCP protocol on the eth2 network interface.</para>
  22     <para>Module parameters are read when the module is first loaded. Type-specific LND modules (for instance, <literal>ksocklnd</literal>) are loaded automatically by the LNet module when LNet starts (typically upon <literal>modprobe ptlrpc</literal>).</para>
  23     <para>LNet configuration parameters can be viewed under <literal>/sys/module/lnet/parameters/</literal>, and LND-specific parameters under the name of the corresponding LND, for example <literal>/sys/module/ksocklnd/parameters/</literal> for the socklnd (TCP) LND.</para>
  24     <para>For the following parameters, default option settings are shown in parenthesis. Changes to parameters marked with a W affect running systems. Unmarked parameters can only be set when LNet loads for the first time.  Changes to parameters marked with <literal>Wc</literal> only have effect when connections are established (existing connections are not affected by these changes.)</para>
  25   </section>
  26   <section xml:id="dbdoclet.50438293_78010">
  27       <title>
  28           <indexterm><primary>configuring</primary><secondary>module options</secondary></indexterm>
  29
  30           Module Options</title>
  31     <itemizedlist>
  32       <listitem>
  33         <para>With routed or other multi-network configurations, use <literal>ip2nets</literal> rather than networks, so all nodes can use the same configuration.</para>
  34       </listitem>
  35       <listitem>
  36         <para>For a routed network, use the same &apos;routes&apos; configuration everywhere. Nodes specified as routers automatically enable forwarding and any routes that are not relevant to a particular node are ignored. Keep a common configuration to guarantee that all nodes have consistent routing tables.</para>
  37       </listitem>
  38       <listitem>
  39         <para>A separate <literal>lustre.conf</literal> file makes distributing the configuration much easier.</para>
  40       </listitem>
  41       <listitem>
  42         <para>If you set <literal>config_on_load=1</literal>, LNet starts at
  43             <literal>modprobe</literal> time rather than waiting for the Lustre file system to
  44           start. This ensures routers start working at module load time.</para>
  45       </listitem>
  46     </itemizedlist>
  47     <screen># lctl
  48 # lctl&gt; net down</screen>
  49     <itemizedlist>
  50       <listitem>
  51         <para>Remember the <literal>lctl ping {nid}</literal> command - it is a handy way to check your LNet configuration.</para>
  52       </listitem>
  53     </itemizedlist>
  54     <section remap="h3">
  55       <title><indexterm><primary>configuring</primary><secondary>LNet options</secondary></indexterm>
  56 LNet Options</title>
  57       <para>This section describes LNet options.</para>
  58       <section remap="h4">
  59         <title><indexterm><primary>configuring</primary><secondary>network topology</secondary></indexterm>
  60 Network Topology</title>
  61         <para>Network topology module parameters determine which networks a node should join, whether it should route between these networks, and how it communicates with non-local networks.</para>
  62         <para>Here is a list of various networks and the supported software stacks:</para>
  63         <informaltable frame="all">
  64           <tgroup cols="2">
  65             <colspec colname="c1" colwidth="50*"/>
  66             <colspec colname="c2" colwidth="50*"/>
  67             <thead>
  68               <row>
  69                 <entry>
  70                   <para><emphasis role="bold">Network</emphasis></para>
  71                 </entry>
  72                 <entry>
  73                   <para><emphasis role="bold">Software Stack</emphasis></para>
  74                 </entry>
  75               </row>
  76             </thead>
  77             <tbody>
  78               <row>
  79                 <entry>
  80                   <para> o2ib</para>
  81                 </entry>
  82                 <entry>
  83                   <para> OFED Version 2</para>
  84                 </entry>
  85               </row>
  86             </tbody>
  87           </tgroup>
  88         </informaltable>
  89         <note>
  90           <para>The Lustre software ignores the loopback interface (<literal>lo0</literal>), but the
  91             Lustre file system uses any IP addresses aliased to the loopback (by default). When in
  92             doubt, explicitly specify networks.</para>
  93         </note>
  94         </section>
  95         <section remap="h4">
  96           <title><indexterm><primary>configuring</primary>
  97           <secondary>network</secondary><tertiary>ip2nets</tertiary></indexterm>
  98           ip2nets (&quot;tcp&quot;)</title>
  99         <para><literal>ip2nets</literal> is a string that lists globally
 100           available networks, each with a set of IP address ranges. LNet
 101           determines the locally-available networks from this list by matching
 102           the IP address ranges with the local IPs of a node. Its purpose is
 103           to allow the same <literal>modules.conf</literal> file to be used
 104           across a variety of nodes on different networks. The string has the
 105           following syntax.</para>
 106         <screen>&lt;ip2nets&gt; :== &lt;net-match&gt; [ &lt;comment&gt; ] { &lt;net-sep&gt; &lt;net-match&gt; }
 107 &lt;net-match&gt; :== [ &lt;w&gt; ] &lt;net-spec&gt; &lt;w&gt; &lt;ip-range&gt; { &lt;w&gt; &lt;ip-range&gt; }
 108 [ &lt;w&gt; ]
 109 &lt;net-spec&gt; :== &lt;network&gt; [ &quot;(&quot; &lt;interface-list&gt; &quot;)&quot; ]
 110 &lt;network&gt; :== &lt;nettype&gt; [ &lt;number&gt; ]
 111 &lt;nettype&gt; :== &quot;tcp&quot; | &quot;elan&quot; | &quot;o2ib&quot; | ...
 112 &lt;iface-list&gt; :== &lt;interface&gt; [ &quot;,&quot; &lt;iface-list&gt; ]
 113 &lt;ip-range&gt; :== &lt;r-expr&gt; &quot;.&quot; &lt;r-expr&gt; &quot;.&quot; &lt;r-expr&gt; &quot;.&quot; &lt;r-expr&gt;
 114 &lt;r-expr&gt; :== &lt;number&gt; | &quot;*&quot; | &quot;[&quot; &lt;r-list&gt; &quot;]&quot;
 115 &lt;r-list&gt; :== &lt;range&gt; [ &quot;,&quot; &lt;r-list&gt; ]
 116 &lt;range&gt; :== &lt;number&gt; [ &quot;-&quot; &lt;number&gt; [ &quot;/&quot; &lt;number&gt; ] ]
 117 &lt;comment :== &quot;#&quot; { &lt;non-net-sep-chars&gt; }
 118 &lt;net-sep&gt; :== &quot;;&quot; | &quot;\n&quot;
 119 &lt;w&gt; :== &lt;whitespace-chars&gt; { &lt;whitespace-chars&gt; }
 120 </screen>
 121         <para><literal>&lt;net-spec&gt;</literal> contains enough information to
 122         uniquely identify the network and load an appropriate LND. The LND
 123         determines the missing &quot;address-within-network&quot; part of the
 124         NID based on the interfaces it can use.</para>
 125         <para><literal>&lt;iface-list&gt;</literal> specifies which hardware
 126         interface the network can use. If omitted, all interfaces are used. LNDs
 127         that do not support the <literal>&lt;iface-list&gt;</literal> syntax
 128         cannot be configured to use particular interfaces and just use what is
 129         there. Only a single instance of these LNDs can exist on a node at any
 130         time, and <literal>&lt;iface-list&gt;</literal> must be omitted.</para>
 131         <para><literal>&lt;net-match&gt;</literal> entries are scanned in the
 132         order declared to see if one of the node&apos;s IP addresses matches one
 133         of the <literal>&lt;ip-range&gt;</literal> expressions. If there is a
 134         match, <literal>&lt;net-spec&gt;</literal> specifies the network to
 135         instantiate. Note that it is the first match for a particular network
 136         that counts. This can be used to simplify the match expression for the
 137         general case by placing it after the special cases. For example:</para>
 138         <screen>ip2nets=&quot;tcp(eth1,eth2) 134.32.1.[4-10/2]; tcp(eth1) *.*.*.*&quot;</screen>
 139         <para>4 nodes on the 134.32.1.* network have 2 interfaces
 140         (134.32.1.{4,6,8,10}) but all the rest have 1.</para>
 141         <screen>ip2nets=&quot;<emphasis role="bold">o2ib</emphasis> 192.168.0.*; tcp(eth2) 192.168.0.[1,7,4,12]&quot; </screen>
 142         <para>This describes an IB cluster on 192.168.0.*. Four of these nodes
 143         also have IP interfaces; these four could be used as routers.</para>
 144         <para>Note that match-all expressions (For instance,
 145         <literal>*.*.*.*</literal>) effectively mask all other</para>
 146         <para> <literal>&lt;net-match&gt;</literal> entries specified after
 147         them. They should be used with caution.</para>
 148         <para>Here is a more complicated situation, the route parameter is
 149         explained below. We have:</para>
 150         <itemizedlist>
 151           <listitem>
 152             <para>Two TCP subnets</para>
 153           </listitem>
 154           <listitem>
 155             <para>One Elan subnet</para>
 156           </listitem>
 157           <listitem>
 158             <para>One machine set up as a router, with both TCP and Elan
 159             interfaces</para>
 160           </listitem>
 161           <listitem>
 162             <para>IP over Elan configured, but only IP will be used to label the
 163             nodes.</para>
 164           </listitem>
 165         </itemizedlist>
 166         <screen>options lnet ip2nets=â€tcp 198.129.135.* 192.128.88.98; \
 167         elan 198.128.88.98 198.129.135.3; \
 168         routes=&apos;cp 1022@elan # Elan NID of router; \
 169         elan  198.128.88.98@tcp # TCP NID of router  &apos;</screen>
 170       </section>
 171       <section remap="h4">
 172           <title><indexterm><primary>configuring</primary>
 173           <secondary>network</secondary><tertiary>tcp</tertiary></indexterm>
 174           networks (&quot;tcp&quot;)</title>
 175         <para>This is an alternative to &quot;<literal>ip2nets</literal>&quot;
 176         which can be used to specify the networks to be instantiated explicitly.
 177         The syntax is a simple comma separated list of
 178         <literal>&lt;net-spec&gt;</literal>s (see above). The default is only
 179         used if neither &apos;ip2nets&apos; nor &apos;networks&apos; is
 180         specified.</para>
 181       </section>
 182       <section remap="h4">
 183           <title><indexterm><primary>configuring</primary><secondary>network</secondary><tertiary>routes</tertiary></indexterm>
 184 routes (&quot;&quot;)</title>
 185         <para>This is a string that lists networks and the NIDs of routers that forward to them.</para>
 186         <para>It has the following syntax (<literal>&lt;w&gt;</literal> is one or more whitespace characters):</para>
 187         <screen>&lt;routes&gt; :== &lt;route&gt;{ ; &lt;route&gt; }
 188 &lt;route&gt; :== [&lt;net&gt;[&lt;w&gt;&lt;hopcount&gt;]&lt;w&gt;&lt;nid&gt;[:&lt;priority&gt;]{&lt;w&gt;&lt;nid&gt;[:&lt;priority&gt;]}</screen>
 189         <para>Note: the priority parameter was added in release 2.5.</para>
 190         <para>So a node on the network <literal>tcp1</literal> that needs to go through a router to get to the Elan network:</para>
 191         <screen>options lnet networks=tcp1 routes=&quot;elan 1 192.168.2.2@tcpA&quot;</screen>
 192         <para>The hopcount and priority numbers are used to help choose the best path between multiply-routed configurations.</para>
 193         <para>A simple but powerful expansion syntax is provided, both for target networks and router NIDs as follows.</para>
 194         <screen>&lt;expansion&gt; :== &quot;[&quot; &lt;entry&gt; { &quot;,&quot; &lt;entry&gt; } &quot;]&quot;
 195 &lt;entry&gt; :== &lt;numeric range&gt; | &lt;non-numeric item&gt;
 196 &lt;numeric range&gt; :== &lt;number&gt; [ &quot;-&quot; &lt;number&gt; [ &quot;/&quot; &lt;number&gt; ] ]</screen>
 197         <para>The expansion is a list enclosed in square brackets. Numeric items in the list may be a single number, a contiguous range of numbers, or a strided range of numbers. For example, <literal>routes=&quot;elan 192.168.1.[22-24]@tcp&quot;</literal> says that network <literal>elan0</literal> is adjacent (hopcount defaults to 1); and is accessible via 3 routers on the <literal>tcp0</literal> network (<literal>192.168.1.22@tcp</literal>, <literal>192.168.1.23@tcp</literal> and <literal>192.168.1.24@tcp</literal>).</para>
 198         <para><literal>routes=&quot;[tcp,o2ib] 2 [8-14/2]@elan&quot;</literal>
 199 says that 2 networks (<literal>tcp0</literal> and <literal>o2ib0</literal>) are accessible through 4 routers (<literal>8@elan</literal>, <literal>10@elan</literal>, <literal>12@elan</literal> and <literal>14@elan</literal>). The hopcount of 2 means that traffic to both these networks will be traversed 2 routers - first one of the routers specified in this entry, then one more.</para>
 200         <para>Duplicate entries, entries that route to a local network, and entries that specify routers on a non-local network are ignored.</para>
 201         <para>Prior to release 2.5, a conflict between equivalent entries was resolved in favor of the route with the shorter hopcount. The hopcount, if omitted, defaults to 1 (the remote network is adjacent)..</para>
 202         <para condition='l25'>Since 2.5, equivalent entries are resolved in favor of the route with the lowest priority number or shorter hopcount if the priorities are equal. The priority, if omitted, defaults to 0.  The hopcount, if omitted, defaults to 1 (the remote network is adjacent).</para>
 203         <para>It is an error to specify routes to the same destination with routers on different local networks.</para>
 204         <para>If the target network string contains no expansions, then the hopcount defaults to 1 and may be omitted (that is, the remote network is adjacent). In practice, this is true for most multi-network configurations. It is an error to specify an inconsistent hop count for a given target network. This is why an explicit hopcount is required if the target network string specifies more than one network.</para>
 205       </section>
 206       <section remap="h4">
 207           <title><indexterm><primary>configuring</primary>
 208             <secondary>network</secondary>
 209             <tertiary>forwarding</tertiary></indexterm>
 210 forwarding (&quot;&quot;)</title>
 211         <para>This is a string that can be set either to
 212         &quot;<literal>enabled</literal>&quot; or
 213         &quot;<literal>disabled</literal>&quot; for explicit control of whether
 214         this node should act as a router, forwarding communications between all
 215         local networks.</para>
 216         <para>A standalone router can be started by simply starting LNet
 217         (&apos;<literal>modprobe ptlrpc</literal>&apos;) with appropriate
 218         network topology options.</para>
 219       </section>
 220         <section remap="h4">
 221           <title><indexterm><primary>configuring</primary>
 222             <secondary>network</secondary>
 223             <tertiary>accept</tertiary></indexterm>accept (secure)</title>
 224           <para>The acceptor is a TCP/IP service that some LNDs use to
 225           establish communications. If a local network requires it and it has
 226           not been disabled, the acceptor listens on a single port for
 227           connection requests that it redirects to the appropriate local
 228           network. The acceptor is part of the LNet module and configured
 229           by the following options:</para>
 230         <informaltable frame="all">
 231           <tgroup cols="2">
 232             <colspec colname="c1" colwidth="50*"/>
 233             <colspec colname="c2" colwidth="50*"/>
 234             <thead>
 235               <row>
 236                 <entry>
 237                   <para><emphasis role="bold">Variable</emphasis></para>
 238                 </entry>
 239                 <entry>
 240                   <para><emphasis role="bold">Description</emphasis></para>
 241                 </entry>
 242               </row>
 243             </thead>
 244             <tbody>
 245               <row>
 246                 <entry>
 247                   <para><literal>accept</literal></para>
 248                   <para><literal>(secure)</literal></para>
 249                 </entry>
 250                 <entry>
 251                   <para>The type of connections that the acceptor will allow
 252                   from remote nodes.</para>
 253                   <itemizedlist>
 254                     <listitem>
 255                       <para><literal>secure</literal>  - Accept connections
 256                       only from reserved TCP ports (below 1023).  This is the
 257                       default, and prevents userspace processes from trying
 258                       to connect to the server.</para>
 259                     </listitem>
 260                     <listitem>
 261                       <para><literal>all</literal>  - Accept connections from
 262                         any TCP port.  This may be needed to allow connections
 263                         on non-privileged ports, for example from a client in a
 264                         virtual machine running in userspace.</para>
 265                     </listitem>
 266                     <listitem>
 267                       <para><literal>none</literal>  - Do not run the acceptor.
 268                         This may prevent the client from receiving server RPCs
 269                         if the TCP connection is lost and the server needs to
 270                         contact the client for some reason (e.g. LDLM lock
 271                         callback or size glimpse).
 272                       </para>
 273                     </listitem>
 274                   </itemizedlist>
 275                 </entry>
 276               </row>
 277               <row>
 278                 <entry>
 279                   <para> <literal>accept_port</literal></para>
 280                   <para> <literal>(988)</literal></para>
 281                 </entry>
 282                 <entry>
 283                   <para>Port number on which the acceptor should listen for
 284                     connection requests. All nodes in a site configuration that
 285                     require an acceptor must use the same port.</para>
 286                 </entry>
 287               </row>
 288               <row>
 289                 <entry>
 290                   <para> <literal>accept_backlog</literal></para>
 291                   <para> <literal>(127)</literal></para>
 292                 </entry>
 293                 <entry>
 294                   <para>Maximum length that the queue of pending connections may
 295                     grow to (see listen(2)).</para>
 296                 </entry>
 297               </row>
 298               <row>
 299                 <entry>
 300                   <para> <literal>accept_timeout</literal></para>
 301                   <para> <literal>(5, W)</literal></para>
 302                 </entry>
 303                 <entry>
 304                   <para>Maximum time in seconds the acceptor is allowed to block
 305                     while communicating with a peer.</para>
 306                 </entry>
 307               </row>
 308               <row>
 309                 <entry>
 310                   <para> <literal>accept_proto_version</literal></para>
 311                 </entry>
 312                 <entry>
 313                   <para>Version of the acceptor protocol that should be used by
 314                     outgoing connection requests. It defaults to the most recent
 315                     acceptor protocol version, but it may be set to the previous
 316                     version to allow the node to initiate connections with nodes
 317                     that only understand that version of the acceptor protocol.
 318                     The acceptor can, with some restrictions, handle either
 319                     version (that is, it can accept connections from both
 320                     &apos;old&apos; and &apos;new&apos; peers). For the current
 321                     version of the acceptor protocol (version 1), the acceptor
 322                     is compatible with old peers if it is only required by a
 323                     single local network.</para>
 324                 </entry>
 325               </row>
 326             </tbody>
 327           </tgroup>
 328         </informaltable>
 329       </section>
 330       <section>
 331           <title><indexterm><primary>configuring</primary><secondary>network</secondary><tertiary>rnet_htable_size</tertiary></indexterm>
 332 <literal>rnet_htable_size</literal></title>
 333         <para><literal>rnet_htable_size</literal> is an integer that indicates how many remote networks the internal LNet hash table is configured to handle. <literal>rnet_htable_size</literal> is used for optimizing the hash table size and does not put a limit on how many remote networks you can have.  The default hash table size when this parameter is not specified is: 128.</para>
 334       </section>
 335     </section>
 336     <section remap="h3" xml:id="section_ngq_qhy_zl">
 337       <title><indexterm>
 338           <primary>configuring</primary>
 339           <secondary>network</secondary>
 340           <tertiary>SOCKLND</tertiary>
 341         </indexterm>
 342         <literal>SOCKLND</literal> Kernel TCP/IP LND</title>
 343       <para>The <literal>SOCKLND</literal> kernel TCP/IP LND (<literal>socklnd</literal>) is
 344         connection-based and uses the acceptor to establish communications via sockets with its
 345         peers.</para>
 346       <para>It supports multiple instances and load balances dynamically over multiple interfaces.
 347         If no interfaces are specified by the <literal>ip2nets</literal> or networks module
 348         parameter, all non-loopback IP interfaces are used. The address-within-network is determined
 349         by the address of the first IP interface an instance of the <literal>socklnd</literal>
 350         encounters.</para>
 351       <para>Consider a node on the &apos;edge&apos; of an InfiniBand network,
 352       with a low-bandwidth management Ethernet (<literal>eth0</literal>), IP
 353       over IB configured (<literal>ipoib0</literal>), and a pair of GigE NICs
 354       (<literal>eth1</literal>,<literal>eth2</literal>) providing off-cluster
 355       connectivity. This node should be configured with &apos;
 356       <literal>networks=o2ib,tcp(eth1,eth2)</literal>&apos; to ensure that the
 357       <literal>socklnd</literal> ignores the management Ethernet and IPoIB.
 358       </para>
 359       <informaltable frame="all">
 360         <tgroup cols="2">
 361           <colspec colname="c1" colwidth="50*"/>
 362           <colspec colname="c2" colwidth="50*"/>
 363           <thead>
 364             <row>
 365               <entry>
 366                 <para><emphasis role="bold">Variable</emphasis></para>
 367               </entry>
 368               <entry>
 369                 <para><emphasis role="bold">Description</emphasis></para>
 370               </entry>
 371             </row>
 372           </thead>
 373           <tbody>
 374             <row>
 375               <entry>
 376                 <para>
 377                   <literal>timeout</literal></para>
 378                 <para>
 379                   <literal>(50,W)</literal></para>
 380               </entry>
 381               <entry>
 382                 <para>Time (in seconds) that communications may be stalled before the LND completes
 383                   them with failure.</para>
 384               </entry>
 385             </row>
 386             <row>
 387               <entry>
 388                 <para>
 389                   <literal>nconnds</literal></para>
 390                 <para>
 391                   <literal>(4)</literal></para>
 392               </entry>
 393               <entry>
 394                 <para>Sets the number of connection daemons.</para>
 395               </entry>
 396             </row>
 397             <row>
 398               <entry>
 399                 <para>
 400                   <literal>min_reconnectms</literal></para>
 401                 <para>
 402                   <literal>(1000,W)</literal></para>
 403               </entry>
 404               <entry>
 405                 <para>Minimum connection retry interval (in milliseconds). After a failed connection
 406                   attempt, this is the time that must elapse before the first retry. As connections
 407                   attempts fail, this time is doubled on each successive retry up to a maximum of
 408                     &apos;<literal>max_reconnectms</literal>&apos;.</para>
 409               </entry>
 410             </row>
 411             <row>
 412               <entry>
 413                 <para>
 414                   <literal>max_reconnectms</literal></para>
 415                 <para>
 416                   <literal>(6000,W)</literal></para>
 417               </entry>
 418               <entry>
 419                 <para>Maximum connection retry interval (in milliseconds).</para>
 420               </entry>
 421             </row>
 422             <row>
 423               <entry>
 424                 <para>
 425                   <literal>eager_ack</literal></para>
 426                 <para>
 427                   <literal>(0 on linux,</literal></para>
 428                 <para>
 429                   <literal>1 on darwin,W)</literal></para>
 430               </entry>
 431               <entry>
 432                 <para>Boolean that determines whether the <literal>socklnd</literal> should attempt
 433                   to flush sends on message boundaries.</para>
 434               </entry>
 435             </row>
 436             <row>
 437               <entry>
 438                 <para>
 439                   <literal>typed_conns</literal></para>
 440                 <para>
 441                   <literal>(1,Wc)</literal></para>
 442               </entry>
 443               <entry>
 444                 <para>Boolean that determines whether the <literal>socklnd</literal> should use
 445                   different sockets for different types of messages. When clear, all communication
 446                   with a particular peer takes place on the same socket. Otherwise, separate sockets
 447                   are used for bulk sends, bulk receives and everything else.</para>
 448               </entry>
 449             </row>
 450             <row>
 451               <entry>
 452                 <para>
 453                   <literal>min_bulk</literal></para>
 454                 <para>
 455                   <literal>(1024,W)</literal></para>
 456               </entry>
 457               <entry>
 458                 <para>Determines when a message is considered &quot;bulk&quot;.</para>
 459               </entry>
 460             </row>
 461             <row>
 462               <entry>
 463                 <para>
 464                   <literal>tx_buffer_size, rx_buffer_size</literal></para>
 465                 <para>
 466                   <literal>(8388608,Wc)</literal></para>
 467               </entry>
 468               <entry>
 469                 <para>Socket buffer sizes. Setting this option to zero (0), allows the system to
 470                   auto-tune buffer sizes. </para>
 471                 <warning>
 472                   <para>Be very careful changing this value as improper sizing can harm
 473                     performance.</para>
 474                 </warning>
 475               </entry>
 476             </row>
 477             <row>
 478               <entry>
 479                 <para>
 480                   <literal>nagle</literal></para>
 481                 <para>
 482                   <literal>(0,Wc)</literal></para>
 483               </entry>
 484               <entry>
 485                 <para>Boolean that determines if <literal>nagle</literal> should be enabled. It
 486                   should never be set in production systems.</para>
 487               </entry>
 488             </row>
 489             <row>
 490               <entry>
 491                 <para>
 492                   <literal>keepalive_idle</literal></para>
 493                 <para>
 494                   <literal>(30,Wc)</literal></para>
 495               </entry>
 496               <entry>
 497                 <para>Time (in seconds) that a socket can remain idle before a keepalive probe is
 498                   sent. Setting this value to zero (0) disables keepalives.</para>
 499               </entry>
 500             </row>
 501             <row>
 502               <entry>
 503                 <para>
 504                   <literal>keepalive_intvl</literal></para>
 505                 <para>
 506                   <literal>(2,Wc)</literal></para>
 507               </entry>
 508               <entry>
 509                 <para>Time (in seconds) to repeat unanswered keepalive probes. Setting this value to
 510                   zero (0) disables keepalives.</para>
 511               </entry>
 512             </row>
 513             <row>
 514               <entry>
 515                 <para>
 516                   <literal>keepalive_count</literal></para>
 517                 <para>
 518                   <literal>(10,Wc)</literal></para>
 519               </entry>
 520               <entry>
 521                 <para>Number of unanswered keepalive probes before pronouncing socket (hence peer)
 522                   death.</para>
 523               </entry>
 524             </row>
 525             <row>
 526               <entry>
 527                 <para>
 528                   <literal>enable_irq_affinity</literal></para>
 529                 <para>
 530                   <literal>(0,Wc)</literal></para>
 531               </entry>
 532               <entry>
 533                 <para>Boolean that determines whether to enable IRQ affinity. The default is zero
 534                   (0).</para>
 535                 <para>When set, <literal>socklnd</literal> attempts to maximize performance by
 536                   handling device interrupts and data movement for particular (hardware) interfaces
 537                   on particular CPUs. This option is not available on all platforms. This option
 538                   requires an SMP system to exist and produces best performance with multiple NICs.
 539                   Systems with multiple CPUs and a single NIC may see increase in the performance
 540                   with this parameter disabled.</para>
 541               </entry>
 542             </row>
 543             <row>
 544               <entry>
 545                 <para>
 546                   <literal>zc_min_frag</literal></para>
 547                 <para>
 548                   <literal>(2048,W)</literal></para>
 549               </entry>
 550               <entry>
 551                 <para>Determines the minimum message fragment that should be considered for
 552                   zero-copy sends. Increasing it above the platform&apos;s <literal>PAGE_SIZE
 553                   </literal>disables all zero copy sends. This option is not available on all
 554                   platforms.</para>
 555               </entry>
 556             </row>
 557           </tbody>
 558         </tgroup>
 559       </informaltable>
 560     </section>
 561   </section>
 562 </chapter>